Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm Kev Siv Tau yog dab tsi? Koj yuav pom cov lus teb rau qhov no thiab ntau lwm cov lus nug hauv kab lus. Cov ntsiab lus siv tau feem ntau tau txais kev pom ntawm kev cuam tshuam nrog kev tsim, uas tau qhia los ntawm Nelsen Jakob (tus tsim ntawm Usability). Cov kev xav no yog cov txheej txheem ntau dua li cov txheej txheem nruj, uas yog vim li cas lawv hu ua "Heuristics". Tag nrho muaj kaum lub ntsiab cai no.
Status visibility
Thawj lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev siv tau yog qhov pom ntawm qhov system qhov xwm txheej. Txoj hauj lwm no hais tias tus neeg siv yuav tsum paub qhov twg nws tawm mus thiab dab tsi tshwm sim. Yog tias qhov no yog kev sau npe nyuaj, koj yuav tsum qhia tias qhov no yog theem ob lossis thib peb.
Efficiency
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus tom ntej ntawm Kev Siv tau yog kev ua haujlwm zoo. Qhov tseeb, nws txhais tau tias yuav tsum muaj kev sib txuas ntawm txhua tus neeg siv thiab lub kaw lus. Koj qhov chaw yuav tsum raug kho rau cov neeg tuaj saib tshwj xeeb, koj yuav tsum hais lus rau lawv hauv lawv cov lus, siv lawv qibkev npaj thiab kev xaiv. Yog li ntawd, lub vev xaib yuav tsum ib txwm tsim los rau nws cov neeg tuaj saib. Qhov no siv tsis tau rau cov qauv xwb, tab sis kuj rau cov ntawv nyeem, tsim, pab, pom kev pom ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, thiab lwm yam.
xaiv dawb
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus thib peb ntawm Kev Siv tau yog dab tsi? Kev ywj pheej xaiv. Qhov no yog tus neeg siv kev tswj hwm, uas yog qhov tsim nyog kom tus neeg siv khoom tuaj yeem tswj hwm qhov xwm txheej. Piv txwv li, yog tias ib tug neeg ua tiav daim foos, lawv yuav tsum pom ib lub pob "pom meej". Yuav ua li cas yog nws muaj ntau kauj ruam? Tus neeg siv yuav tsum tuaj yeem rov qab mus rau cov khoom dhau los lossis hla ib qho ntawm lawv txhawm rau rov ua qhov kev txiav txim me ntsis tom qab.
Ua tsaug rau qhov xwm txheej no, tus neeg siv yuav tau txais kev nkag siab tias nws tswj hwm txhua yam, tsis muaj leej twg sim ua kom yuam kev lossis dag nws. Thiab lub interface, tsis yooj yim thaum xub thawj siab ib muag, nrog rau txoj cai mus kom ze, yuav ua dog dig. Tom qab tag nrho, nws yooj yim dua rau tus neeg ua ob peb yam yooj yim dua li ib qho nyuaj.
qauv
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus thib plaub ntawm Kev Siv tau yog qhov sib xws thiab cov qauv. Muaj twb muaj qee yam kev tsim qauv zoo hauv Web (kev sib cuag hauv lub ces kaum sab sauv, hom pob tawb, thiab lwm yam). Txawm li cas los xij, ib qho kev xaiv tuaj yeem muaj ntau hom, yog li tus neeg siv tsis paub yuav tuaj yeem poob ntawm lawv tau yooj yim. Piv txwv li, cov pob tawb hluav taws xob zoo ib yam rau cov tsheb thauj khoom, cov pob tawb zoo tib yam, cov hnab niaj hnub thiab ntau dua. Thiab rau cov tsos ntawm qhov sib lawv liag, koj yuav tsum xaiv qee qhov tshwj xeeb style uas koj xav tausaib txhua qhov chaw. Qhov no siv rau layout, thiab fonts, thiab ntawv nyeem, thiab duab.
Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Ua Phem
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus thib tsib ntawm Kev Siv tau yog kev tiv thaiv kev ua yuam kev. Txoj cai no hais tias qhov yuam kev yuav tsum tsis txhob raug kho, tab sis ceeb toom. Nws yog ib txwm tsim nyog los tshem tawm random, tsis tsim nyog ua thiab, nyob qhov twg los xij, kom yooj yim rau kev xaiv. Qhov no tuaj yeem yog cov lus ceeb toom ib txwm muaj.
Qhov no kuj siv tau rau cov nyees khawm. Piv txwv li, qhov "Accept" feem ntau yog ua kom ci dua thiab loj dua qhov "Clear form" thov. Koj yuav tsum muab cov ntaub ntawv uas koj paub txog cov ntaub ntawv uas koj nkag mus (ib cheeb tsam chaws, hom xov tooj, thiab lwm yam).
Simplify
Txoj cai thib rau yog txoj cai "Nrhiav yooj yim dua li nco qab." Ua kom yooj yim lub neej ntawm cov neeg siv ntau li ntau tau, nco ntsoov cov ntaub ntawv lawv yav tas los tau nkag mus (txawm tias los ntawm lawv qhov kev mus ntsib yav dhau los), muab cov lus qhia rau lawv. Piv txwv li, yog tias koj siv ntau kauj ruam rau kev sau npe, qhia rau tus neeg ntawm cov teb uas twb tau ua tiav lawm yog tias lawv xav tau yav tom ntej.
Kev hloov pauv
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus xya ntawm Kev Siv tau yog qhov yooj yim ntawm kev siv. Raws li txoj cai no, lub interface yuav tsum yog elastic, nws yuav tsum tau tuned rau cov neeg tuaj saib. Ntawm no, qhov tseem ceeb tseem ceeb ntawm kev yooj yim nrog cov neeg siv nruab nrab hauv siab. Cov ntsiab lus rau cov qib siab yuav tsum me me. Lawv tuaj yeem muab tso rau hauv qhov pom tsawg dua ntawm qhov screen, vim tias tib neeg yuav pom lawv nyob txhua qhov chaw.
Tsim
Usability yog lub yim tsim qauv. Nws nyob hauv kev zoo nkauj thiab minimalism. Raws li txoj cai no,lub interface yuav tsum tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv uas tus neeg siv tsis xav tau. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj cov ntaub ntawv uas ib tug neeg yuav xav tau nyob rau hauv tsawg zaus.
Ib yam li ntawd, koj yuav tsum tsim cov ntawv: koj tsis tuaj yeem nug tus neeg siv cov ntaub ntawv uas koj tsis xav tau. Hmoov tsis zoo, yuav luag tsis muaj leej twg coj kom zoo dua ntawm txoj haujlwm no. Hauv 90% ntawm cov neeg mob, cov neeg siv khoom yuav tsum tau muab hnub yug, thiab lawv tus xov tooj hauv tsev, thiab xov tooj ntawm tes, e-mail, thiab txawm tias qhov chaw nyob txhawm rau ua kev zoo siab rau lawv hnub lawv lub npe lossis Xyoo Tshiab.
pab
Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm Kev Siv tau yuav tsum paub rau txhua tus webmaster. Lub zeem muag cuaj ntawm qhov kev siv txuj ci no yog los pab cov neeg siv nkag siab thiab kho qhov yuam kev. Txhua qhov kev nco yuav tsum tau tshaj tawm rau tib neeg hauv hom lus "tib neeg", thiab tsis yog hom lus hauv computer. Yog tias qhov txuas tau tsim tsis raug, koj tsis tas yuav tsuas sau 404. Qhia zoo li no: "Ib qho yuam kev tshwm sim thaum nkag mus rau nplooj ntawv." Yog tias, thaum sau daim foos, tus neeg siv tsis nco qab qhia nws tus lej xov tooj, sau tias muaj qhov yuam kev hauv cov ntaub ntawv nkag, thiab tsis yog "daim ntawv yuam kev".
Support
Vim li cas cov ntsiab cai tseem ceeb ntawm Kev Siv tau tseem ceeb heev? Cia peb saib lub hauv paus ntsiab lus thib kaum, uas yog hu ua "Cov ntaub ntawv thiab kev pab." Cov ntaub ntawv thiab kev txhawb nqa yuav tsum yog qhov yooj yim thiab nkag siab, nkag tau yooj yim, ua raws li cov hom phiaj ntawm tus neeg siv. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum tsis txhob voluminous. Nws yuav tsum muaj cov kauj ruam meej. Yog tias cov ntaub ntawv loj dhau lawm, koj tuaj yeem ua qhov kev taw qhia luv luv kom sai sai los ntawm cov ntu, thiabkuj nrhiav kev txhawb nqa.
Usability
Yog li, peb tau txiav txim siab cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm Kev Siv. Tab sis qhov kev qhuab qhia no yog dab tsi? "Usability" yog ib qho kev ntsuas ntawm qhov zoo ntawm cov neeg siv kev paub tau txais thaum muaj kev cuam tshuam nrog ib qho system lossis khoom. Piv txwv li, nws tuaj yeem yog daim ntawv thov software, lub vev xaib, lossis lwm yam.
User Interfase Engineering tau txiav txim siab tias 60% ntawm lub sijhawm tib neeg nrhiav tsis tau cov ntaub ntawv lawv xav tau hauv lub vev xaib. Yog li ntawd, lawv cov khoom tsim tau qis dua. Lawv tsis xav rov qab mus rau qhov chaw vim lawv yuam kom nkim sijhawm.
Nws tseem paub tias Forrester Research tau txais qee cov nuj nqis uas qhia txog qhov poob uas tau tshwm sim vim qhov tsis zoo "usability" ntawm qhov chaw. Cov khw muag khoom lag luam poob txog 50% ntawm cov neeg siv khoom uas nrhiav tsis tau cov khoom lawv xav tau. Kwv yees li 40% ntawm cov neeg siv tsis xav rov qab mus rau qhov chaw lawv tsis nyiam ua haujlwm nrog.
Jacob Nelsen hais tias kev tshawb fawb txog tib neeg tus cwj pwm hauv lub vev xaib tau pom tias lawv muaj kev tsis txaus siab rau cov vev xaib nyuaj thiab cov vev xaib qeeb. Nws hais tias cov neeg siv tsis kam tos. Lawv kuj tsis xav paub seb yuav siv qhov home page li cas. Tsis muaj cov lus qhia ntawm lub xaib lossis kev cob qhia rau cov haujlwm hauv lub vev xaib nyob txhua qhov chaw. Jakob paub tias tib neeg xav skim nplooj ntawv thiab nkag siab tam sim ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub vev xaib.
Creation
Usability Development yog dab tsi? Nws lub hauv paus ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem mus kom ze los tsim ib qhov chaw los yoglwm tus neeg siv interface. Txoj kev loj hlob zoo li no muaj ntau txoj hauv kev uas tau siv ua ntu zus hauv cov txheej txheem:
- sib sau ua ke;
- prototyping thiab tsom xam;
- kev ntsuas ntawm qhov kev xaiv tsim qauv;
- kawm lus nug cov neeg siv;
- tawm tswv yim daws teeb meem thiab tshuaj xyuas lub xaib (lossis lwm yam cuam tshuam).
Testing
Kev ntsuas kev siv tau yog dab tsi? Tsis yog txhua tus paub lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm no nuance. Feem ntau, nws yog ib feem ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim "Usability". Hauv kev sim ib txwm, tus neeg yuav tsum ua ntau yam haujlwm uas siv tus qauv (lossis lwm qhov system). Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, tus neeg soj ntsuam sau cov lus uas tus neeg siv hais thiab ua. Feem ntau, qhov kev sim no ua tiav nrog ib lossis ob tus neeg ua haujlwm ua ke.
Kev soj ntsuam tuaj yeem sau cov ntaub ntawv xws li cov neeg siv ua yuam kev, qhov sib lawv liag ntawm ib tus neeg siv kom ua tiav lub hom phiaj, thaum twg thiab qhov twg cov neeg tuaj saib ntsib teeb meem, ntau npaum li cas cov neeg nyiam cov khoom, thiab lawv ua tiav sai npaum li cas. Feem ntau ntawm cov kev ntsuam xyuas yog siv los txheeb xyuas thiab daws cov teeb meem uas pej xeem muaj.
Txoj kev qhuab ntuas
Cov kauj ruam "Usability" muaj li cas? Txhawm rau npaj lub vev xaib, koj yuav tsum xub nkag siab tias vim li cas koj thiaj li tsim nws, rau leej twg, vim li cas thiab thaum twg koj cov neeg nyeem yuav tuaj xyuas koj cov peev txheej. Yog tias koj teb cov lus nug no, koj yuav pom lub hom phiaj ntawm koj qhov chaw. Cov hom phiaj tshwj xeeb yog nyob ntawm cov neeg tuaj saib ntawm lub vev xaib thiab koj lub koom haum.
Ntxiv rau, koj yuav tsum txhais lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov chaw "Usability". Raws li tag nrho cov hom phiaj, koj cov peev txheej yuav tsum muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv daim ntawv thov, yooj yim kawm, yooj yim rau nco qab thaum rov mus xyuas dua. Thiab nws kuj yuav tsum txaus siab rau tus neeg siv.
Txhua lub hom phiaj siv tau yog qhov tseem ceeb rau feem ntau lub vev xaib, tab sis koj tuaj yeem hais qhia lwm tus rau cov neeg tuaj saib sib txawv thiab cov xwm txheej. Nws paub tias tus qauv tsim raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm tib neeg, yog li koj yuav tsum tau sau cov ntaub ntawv tsis yog hais txog lawv, tab sis kuj hais txog qhov twg ntawm qhov chaw uas twb muaj lawm txaus siab rau lawv. Muaj ntau ntau cov txheej txheem sau cov ntaub ntawv uas suav nrog cov neeg rau zaub mov cav, cov ntaub ntawv tawm tswv yim, kev ntsuas kev siv tau ntawm lub vev xaib uas twb muaj lawm.
Nws yooj yim dua rau tib neeg los cuam tshuam nrog tus qauv tiag tiag dua li nws yog vim li cas yuav ua haujlwm zoo tshaj. Cov txiaj ntsig muaj txiaj ntsig tuaj yeem ib txwm tau nrog lub vev xaib qauv uas muaj cov ntsiab lus tsawg thiab tsis muaj duab. Xws li cov qauv tsim qauv tsim nyog rau thawj lub voj voog sim.
Cov ntsiab lus yuav tsum muab tso rau qhov uas tsim nyog rau cov neeg siv lub xaib. Yog tias koj muaj lub roob ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, xaiv cov uas yuav muaj txiaj ntsig thiab txaus siab rau koj cov neeg tuaj saib. Tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum tau tawg mus rau hauv me me chunks nrog subheadings, raws li cov neeg xav sai sai nyeem dab tsi lawv nyiam. Tshem tawm cov lus tsis tsim nyog los ntawm cov ntawv nyeem, siv cov ntxhuav thiab cov npe.
Tom ntej no, cov txheej txheem sib tham tau ua tiav - sim "Usability", uas peb tau sau txog saum toj no. Qee lub sij hawm koj xav tau lub interface, twbtsim nyob rau hauv raws li tag nrho cov kev cai, kuaj. Los ntawm txoj kev, cov pab pawg tsom xam yog txoj hauv kev yooj yim tshaj plaws los ua koj tus kheej kev tshuaj ntsuam.
Cov ntsiab lus
Yog li, siv cov cai thiab txoj cai siv tau, koj tuaj yeem tsim cov peev txheej uas koj yuav txaus siab rau. Lub xub ntiag ntawm cov khoom zoo kawg no yog tus cwj pwm zoo uas txiav txim siab seb tus neeg siv interface yooj yim npaum li cas. Lo lus "usability" kuj txhais tau tias ib qho kev sau ntawm cov tswv yim uas txhim kho qhov chaw hauv cov txheej txheem tsim nws.
Usability muaj tsib yam khoom:
- Kev Ua Haujlwm: Thaum cov neeg siv pom tus qauv tsim, lawv tuaj yeem ua tiav sai npaum li cas?
- Learnability: Nws yooj yim npaum li cas rau tib neeg los ua cov haujlwm yooj yim thaum siv qhov sib txuas uas lawv tsis paub thawj zaug?
- Kev yuam kev: tus neeg ua yuam kev ntau npaum li cas, qhov loj npaum li cas, nws puas tuaj yeem kho tau yooj yim?
- Kev nco: yog tias tus neeg siv rov qab mus rau qhov cuam tshuam tom qab lub sijhawm qee lub sijhawm, nws puas tuaj yeem rov kho nws cov kev txawj hauv kev siv nws?
- Txaus siab: rau qhov twg yog tus neeg txaus siab siv qhov interface no?
Dhau li ntawm "Usability", muaj ntau lwm yam tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim qauv. Ib qho tseem ceeb yog kev siv. Cov cwj pwm no piav qhia txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kev daws teeb meem thiab txiav txim siab qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm qhov cuam tshuam rau cov neeg siv. "Usability" thiab practicality yog qhov tseem ceeb sib npaug: vim li cas siv qhov kev pab cuam yooj yim yog tias nws muabtsis yog qhov tshwm sim koj xav tau? Ib qho kev pab cuam phem yog ib qho kev ua haujlwm uas koj xav tau, tab sis koj tsis nyiam nws txoj kev sib tshuam. Txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm qhov project, koj tuaj yeem siv cov cuab yeej tib yam li thaum kawm txog qhov zoo ntawm nws "Usability".
Nyob hauv Web, "Usability" yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ciaj sia. Yog tias lub xaib nyuaj rau kev ua haujlwm nrog, cov neeg tuaj xyuas tawm sai heev. Yog tias nplooj ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm lub vev xaib tsis meej thiab qhia meej tias lub tuam txhab ua haujlwm li cas, cov dej num twg tso cai rau koj ua, cov neeg siv yuav nrhiav lwm lub vev xaib. Tib neeg tseem yuav tawm mus yog tias lub vev xaib tsis meej pem, nkag siab nyuaj, thiab tsis teb lawv cov lus nug tseem ceeb.
Tsis muaj cov neeg tuaj saib zoo li no uas siv lawv lub sijhawm los ua tus tswv ntawm lub vev xaib lossis ua tib zoo kawm cov lus qhia rau kev ua haujlwm nrog nws. Muaj ntau ntau lwm yam kev pab hauv lub Vev Xaib, yog li yog tias tus qhua ntog rau qhov nyuaj, koj yuav plam lawv.
