Kev tshawb fawb niaj hnub tab tom txhim kho ntau yam kev taw qhia, sim ua kom npog txhua qhov chaw muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Ntawm tag nrho cov no, optoelectronic li yuav tsum tau singled tawm, uas yog siv ob qho tib si nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kis tau tus mob thiab lawv cia los yog ua. Lawv tau siv yuav luag txhua qhov chaw uas siv tshuab ntau dua lossis tsawg dua.
Qhov no yog dab tsi?
Optoelectronic li, tseem hu ua optocouplers, yog cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb semiconductor uas muaj peev xwm xa thiab tau txais hluav taws xob. Cov txheej txheem no hu ua photodetector thiab lub teeb emitter. Tej zaum lawv yuav muaj kev xaiv sib txawv rau kev sib txuas lus. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom zoo li no yog ua raws li kev hloov pauv ntawm hluav taws xob rau hauv lub teeb, nrog rau qhov rov qab ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, ib lub cuab yeej tuaj yeem xa cov teeb liab tshwj xeeb, thaum lwm tus tau txais nws thiab "decrypts". Optoelectronic cov cuab yeej siv hauv:
- khoom siv sib txuas lus;
- input circuits ntawm kev ntsuas;
- high voltage thiab high tam sim no circuits;
- muaj zog thyristors thiab triacs;
- relay cov khoom siv thiab lwm yamtom ntej no.
Tag nrho cov khoom lag luam no tuaj yeem muab faib ua ntau pawg, nyob ntawm lawv tus kheej cov khoom, tsim lossis lwm yam. Xav paub ntau ntxiv hauv qab no.
Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsas sawv daws
Optoelectronic cov khoom siv thiab cov khoom siv tau nruab nrog cov teeb liab kis tau tus mob. Lawv hu ua emitters thiab, nyob ntawm seb hom, cov khoom raug faib raws li hauv qab no:
- Laser thiab LEDs. Xws li cov ntsiab lus yog ib qho ntawm ntau yam. Lawv yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev ua haujlwm siab, lub nqaj nqaim heev (qhov kev ntsuas no tseem hu ua quasi-chromaticity), kev ua haujlwm dav dav, tswj xyuas qhov tseeb ntawm cov hluav taws xob thiab kev kub ceev heev. Cov khoom siv nrog cov emitters ua haujlwm tau ntev heev thiab muaj kev ntseeg siab heev, lawv yog qhov me me thiab ua tau zoo hauv cov qauv microelectronic.
- Electroluminescent hlwb. Xws li cov qauv tsim qhia tau hais tias tsis muaj qhov hloov pauv tau zoo heev thiab tsis ua haujlwm ntev. Tib lub sijhawm, cov cuab yeej siv tau yooj yim los tswj. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau photoresistors thiab tuaj yeem siv los tsim ntau lub ntsiab lus, ntau yam qauv. Txawm li cas los xij, vim lawv qhov tsis txaus, tam sim no cov emitters ntawm hom no tau siv tsawg heev, tsuas yog thaum lawv tsis tuaj yeem muab faib nrog.
- Neon teeb. Lub teeb tso zis ntawm cov qauv no yog qhov tsawg, thiab lawv kuj tsis tiv taus kev puas tsuaj zoo thiab tsis kav ntev. Sib txawv ntawm qhov loj me. Lawv tsis tshua muaj siv, hauv qee hom khoom siv.
- Cov roj teeb. Cov emitters no tsuas yog siv hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab tsis pom qhov twg ntxiv.
Vim li ntawd, cov qauv LED thiab laser tau pom zoo rau yuav luag txhua qhov haujlwm ntawm kev ua haujlwm, thiab tsuas yog hauv qee qhov chaw uas nws tsis tuaj yeem ua lwm yam, siv lwm txoj kev xaiv.
Photodetector
Kev faib tawm ntawm cov khoom siv optoelectronic kuj tau ua raws li hom ntawm qhov no ntawm tus tsim. Cov khoom sib txawv tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom tau txais.
- Photothyristors, transistors thiab diodes. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yog cov khoom siv thoob ntiaj teb uas muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm nrog kev hloov pauv qhib. Feem ntau, cov qauv tsim yog raws li cov khoom siv silicon, thiab vim li no, cov khoom tau txais ntau qhov kev nkag siab zoo.
- Photoresistors. Qhov no tsuas yog lwm txoj hauv kev uas muaj qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm kev hloov cov khoom hauv txoj kev nyuaj heev. Qhov no yuav pab kom siv tau txhua yam ntawm cov qauv lej. Hmoov tsis zoo, nws yog photoresistors uas yog inertial, uas ua rau txo qis ntawm lawv daim ntawv thov.
Beam txais tos yog ib qho ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm ib qho khoom siv zoo li no. Tsuas yog tom qab nws tuaj yeem tau txais, kev ua haujlwm ntxiv pib, thiab nws yuav tsis muaj peev xwm yog tias kev sib txuas lus tsis zoo txaus. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, kev saib xyuas zoo yog them rau tus qauv tsim ntawm lub photodetector.
kho qhov muag channel
Cov qauv tsim ntawm cov khoom tuaj yeem pom tau zoo los ntawm kev siv lub npe siv rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab optoelectronic. Qhov no kuj siv tau rau cov ntaub ntawv kis kab mob. Muaj peb txoj kev xaiv tseem ceeb:
- Nkauj kho siab channel. Lub photodetector nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug qauv yog nyob deb txaus ntawm lub optical channel, tsim ib tug tshwj xeeb lub teeb qhia. Nws yog qhov kev xaiv tsim no uas nquag siv hauv computer tes hauj lwm rau kev hloov cov ntaub ntawv nquag.
- Cawm channel. Hom kev tsim kho no siv kev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb. Nws zoo kawg nkaus tiv thaiv cov channel los ntawm kev cuam tshuam sab nraud. Cov qauv rau kev sib cais galvanic yog siv. Qhov no yog ib qho tshiab thiab cog lus thev naus laus zis, uas tam sim no tau txhim kho tas li thiab maj mam hloov cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob.
- Qhia channel. Qhov kev tsim no txhais tau tias muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm huab cua ntawm lub photodetector thiab lub emitter. Cov qauv siv rau hauv kev kuaj mob lossis ntau yam sensors.
Spectral range
Los ntawm qhov pom ntawm qhov ntsuas no, txhua yam khoom siv optoelectronic tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob hom:
- Ntau yam. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub wavelength ntawm 0.8-1.2 microns. Feem ntau, xws li ib tug system yog siv nyob rau hauv cov cuab yeej siv ib tug qhib channel.
- Ntev ntau. Ntawm no lub wavelength twb yog 0.4-0.75 microns. Siv nyob rau hauv feem ntau ntawm lwm yam khoom ntawm hom no.
Tsim
Raws li qhov ntsuas no, cov khoom siv optoelectronic tau muab faib ua peb pawg:
- Special. Qhov no suav nrog cov cuab yeej nruab nrog ntau lub emitters thiab photodetectors, sensors rau lub xub ntiag, txoj hauj lwm, haus luam yeeb, thiab lwm yam.
- Integral. Nyob rau hauv cov qauv no, tshwj xeeb logic circuits, piv txwv li, amplifiers thiab lwm yam khoom siv ntxiv. Ntawm lwm yam, lawv cov zis thiab cov khoom siv tau raug cais tawm galvanically.
- Elementary. Qhov no yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws version ntawm cov khoom uas lub receiver thiab emitter muaj nyob rau hauv tsuas yog ib daim ntawv. Lawv tuaj yeem yog thyristor thiab transistor, diode, resistive, thiab feem ntau, lwm yam.
Tag nrho peb pawg lossis sib cais tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov khoom siv. Cov qauv tsim ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb thiab cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov cuab yeej siv tau yooj yim kuj tuaj yeem siv cov khoom siv yooj yim tshaj plaws, theem pib, yog tias tsim nyog. Tab sis qhov opposite kuj muaj tseeb.
Optoelectronic khoom siv thiab lawv daim ntawv thov
Los ntawm qhov pom ntawm kev siv cov khoom siv, txhua tus tuaj yeem muab faib ua 4 pawg:
- Kev sib xyaw ua ke. Siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam khoom siv. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus yog siv los ntawm cov txheej txheem sib txawv siv cov khoom sib cais uas sib cais los ntawm ib leeg. Qhov no tiv thaiv cov khoom los ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam hauv txhua txoj kev uas tsis yogtus tsim los ntawm tus tsim tawm.
- rwb thaiv tsev. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tshwj xeeb optical resistor khub yog siv, lawv diode, thyristor los yog transistor ntau yam, thiab hais txog.
- Kev hloov pauv. Qhov no yog ib qho ntawm cov kev siv ntau tshaj plaws. Nyob rau hauv nws, tam sim no yog hloov mus rau hauv lub teeb thiab siv nyob rau hauv no txoj kev. Ib qho piv txwv yooj yim yog txhua yam teeb.
- Kev hloov pauv rov qab. Qhov no yog ib tug kiag li opposite version, nyob rau hauv uas nws yog lub teeb uas hloov mus rau tam sim no. Siv los tsim txhua hom txais.
Qhov tseeb, nws nyuaj rau xav txog yuav luag txhua yam khoom siv uas khiav ntawm hluav taws xob thiab tsis muaj qee yam ntawm optoelectronic Cheebtsam. Tej zaum lawv yuav raug nthuav tawm me me, tab sis lawv tseem yuav tuaj.
Results
Txhua yam khoom siv optoelectronic, thyristors, diodes, semiconductor li yog cov qauv ntawm cov khoom sib txawv. Lawv tso cai rau tus neeg tau txais lub teeb, xa cov ntaub ntawv, txheej txheem lossis txawm khaws cia.
