Tsis ntev los no, cov chaw taws teeb ntawm kev muag khoom tau txais kev nyiam ntau dua. Nrog rau qhov yooj yim thiab qhov tseeb ntawm txoj kev no, nws muaj ntau yam teeb meem (piv txwv li, hauv kev tshaj tawm cov khoom lag luam, muag khoom, ua cov khoom xa rov qab ntawm cov khoom tsis zoo, thiab lwm yam). Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau cov neeg muag khoom thiab cov neeg yuav khoom kom paub cov yam ntxwv thiab cov cai ntawm kev muag khoom nyob deb.
Txoj cai lij choj rau kev tswj hwm
Raws li kab lus thib ob ntawm Tshooj 497 ntawm Txoj Cai Kev Cai Lij Choj, daim ntawv cog lus muag muag tuaj yeem xaus tom qab tus neeg siv khoom tau paub txog nws tus kheej nrog cov lus piav qhia ntawm tus neeg muag khoom, uas tau sau tseg hauv daim ntawv tshaj tawm, phau ntawv, phau ntawv teev npe., duab, hauv TV, hauv social networks. Kev paub txog cov khoom kuj tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv lwm txoj hauv kev, yog tias lawv tsis suav nrog kev paub ncaj qha ntawm tus neeg yuav khoom nrog cov khoom.
Nyob rau hauv kev cai lij choj kev cai, hom kev lag luam no raug suav tias yogmuag khoom nyob deb. Cov teeb meem hais txog nws qhov kev siv yog txiav txim siab los ntawm cov cai lij choj hauv qab no:
- Russian Civil Code.
- Txoj Cai ntawm Lavxias Federation No. 2300-1 "Rau Kev Tiv Thaiv Cov Neeg Siv Khoom" (Lub Ob Hlis 7, 1992).
- Federal Law No. 38 "On Advertising" of March 13, 2006.
- Tsoomfwv Tsab Cai No. 612 tswj cov kev cai ntawm kev muag khoom los ntawm cov chaw taws teeb (September 27, 2007).
- Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Txoj Cai No. 381, txhais lub hauv paus rau lub xeev txoj cai ntawm kev ua lag luam hauv Russia (hnub tim 28 Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2009).
- Tsab ntawv los ntawm Rospotrebnadzor No. 0100/2569-05-32 hais txog kev tawm tsam ntawm kev ua txhaum hauv kev muag kev deb (hnub tim 8 lub Plaub Hlis 2005).
- Tsab ntawv los ntawm Rospotrebnadzor No. 0100/10281-07-32, txiav txim siab txog hom kev tswj hwm kev ua raws li cov cai ntawm Tsoomfwv Txoj Cai No. 612 (Lub Kaum Hli 12, 2007).
Txoj kev cog lus rau kev muag khoom nyob deb
Kev muag deb yog kev muag khoom muag ntawm ntau yam khoom raws li kev cog lus muag khoom uas tau txiav txim siab los ntawm cov neeg yuav khoom thaum kawm cov ntaub ntawv tau txais los ntawm cov ntawv qhia, phau ntawv teev npe, phau ntawv, siv kev sib tham, vev xaib thiab lwm yam kev sib txuas lus, thiab los ntawm Lwm txoj hauv kev uas tsis suav nrog qhov ua tau rau tus neeg yuav khoom kom paub txog cov khoom lossis lawv cov qauv tam sim ua ntej qhov xaus ntawm daim ntawv cog lus.
Raws li Art. 26.1 LOZPP (txoj cai tiv thaiv cov cai ntawm cov neeg siv khoom hauv Lavxias Federation), txog rau thaum xaus ntawm qhov kev pom zoo ntawm tus neeg muag khoom thiab tus neeg yuav khoom ntawm kev yuav khoom, tus neeg yuav khoom muaj cai tau txais cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no los ntawm tus neeg muag khoom:
- Cov khoom siv tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom nta.
- Qhov chaw.
- Qhov chaw tsim khoom.
- Lub npe tag nrho ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom thiab cov khw muag khoom.
- Cov ntsiab lus thiab nqe ntawm kev yuav khoom no.
- Warranty, txee lub neej thiab kev pabcuam.
- txheej txheem thiab kev them nyiaj rau cov khoom xaiv.
- Kev siv tau ntawm qhov kev thov kom xaus kev cog lus muag.
Txoj Cai Lij Choj Muag Kev Muag Khoom tau txiav txim siab tias cov ntaub ntawv saum toj no tuaj yeem muab rau hauv daim ntawv tshaj tawm, cov lus piav qhia rau cov khoom, daim ntawv cog lus rau pej xeem tau tshaj tawm rau hauv lub vev xaib ntawm lub tuam txhab muag khoom.
Tshooj yim thib yim ntawm tsoomfwv txoj cai lij choj ntawm kev tshaj tawm qhia tias cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no hais txog tus neeg muag khoom nws tus kheej yuav tsum tau txais kev txhawb nqa nrog cov khoom muag hauv Is Taws Nem lossis cov khoom yuav ntawm khw muag khoom:
- Muag khoom qhov chaw (qhov chaw nyob raws cai).
- Npe thiab daim ntawv raug cai.
- Kev sau npe lub xeev tus lej ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas tau teev tseg raws li txoj cai tau tsim.
- Lub npe, lub npe, tus neeg sau npe thiab lub xeev tus lej tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas tus neeg teev npe tau sau npe ua tus neeg ua lag luam.
Txoj kev muag khoom deb yog qhov ntawdtus neeg muag khoom yuav tsum muab cov neeg yuav khoom muaj kev pabcuam rau kev xa cov khoom yuav khoom. Txoj kev xa tuaj tuaj yeem xa mus rau hauv daim ntawv xa khoom lossis kev thauj mus los nrog cov ntawv ceeb toom ntawm kev xa khoom siv thiab hom kev thauj mus los (raws li kab lus thib peb ntawm cov cai muag khoom nyob deb). Tus neeg muag khoom tuaj yeem nqa tawm ntawm nws tus kheej lossis los ntawm kev koom nrog cov neeg thib peb (thaum siv txoj kev thib ob, nws yuav tsum tau qhia rau tus neeg yuav khoom yam tsis tau poob).
Yuav tsum tau muab cov neeg yuav khoom nrog cov ntaub ntawv khoom
Thaum ua cov khoom xa tuaj, tus neeg yuav khoom yuav tsum tau sau cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev xa rov qab ntawm cov khoom thaum lub sijhawm muag, nws cov txheej txheem thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv. Cov ntaub ntawv no suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no:
- npe ntawm cov kev cai hom lossis lwm yam ntaub ntawv tsim los ntawm Lavxias txoj cai lij choj, uas yuav yog qhov kev lees paub ntawm kev ua raws li cov khoom teev tseg;
- khoom siv tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom yuav khoom, ua haujlwm lossis kev pabcuam;
- cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus, nws cov nqi (khoom noj), lub hom phiaj, cia thiab siv cov khoom, txoj kev ua noj nrog nws siv, qhov hnyav, qhov chaw thiab hnub tsim khoom, sijhawm thiab qhov chaw ntim khoom, contraindications rau kev siv yog muaj ntau yam kab mob;
- nqi hauv cov txiaj ntsig tam sim no (hauv rubles), cov xwm txheej rau kev yuav khoom (piv txwv li, kev npaj them nqi lossis qiv nyiaj, cov nyiaj them poob haujlwm, cov nqe lus qiv nyiaj rov qab thiab cov sijhawm, thiab lwm yam);
- termwarranty (yog muaj);
- xov xwm thiab kev cai rau kev nyab xeeb thiab siv tau zoo ntawm cov khoom yuav;
- cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev ua tau zoo (zog) ntawm cov khoom yuav khoom (yog tias cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov khoom no yog muab los ntawm txoj cai lij choj ntawm kev txhim kho kev siv hluav taws xob thiab kev txuag hluav taws xob);
- txee lub neej thiab kev pabcuam lub neej ntawm cov khoom, kev xaiv rau cov neeg siv khoom siv tom qab lub sijhawm kawg ntawm lub sijhawm teev tseg, qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev siv cov khoom siv tas sijhawm (tshuaj rau kev noj qab haus huv thiab lub neej ntawm tus neeg yuav khoom, tsis tsim nyog);
- chaw muag khoom thiab lub npe lag luam;
- cov ntaub ntawv lees paub tias cov khoom ua tau raws li cov qauv tsim;
- xov xwm hais txog txoj cai muag khoom;
- qhia txog tus neeg tshwj xeeb uas yuav xa cov khoom yuav;
- ntaub ntawv hais txog kev siv cov khoom thaum ntxov thiab tshem tawm cov kev tsis txaus ntseeg hauv nws (yog tias muaj qhov tseeb tshwm sim).
Txhua cov ntaub ntawv teev tseg, raws li cov cai ntawm kev muag khoom, yuav tsum tau muab rau hauv daim ntawv cog lus muag nws tus kheej thiab hauv cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog cov khoom (ntawm daim ntawv lo, siv cov cim, thiab lwm yam).
Lub sijhawm ua tiav daim ntawv cog lus rau kev muag khoom raws li txoj hauv kev saum toj no yog lub sijhawm ntawm kev xa cov khoom xa tuaj mus rau qhov tau teev tseg hauv daim ntawv cog lus, lossis mus rau qhov chaw qhia los ntawm pej xeem lossis raug cai qhov chaw (yog tias ib qho chaw xa khoom tsis tau teev nyob rau hauv daim ntawv cog lus).
Tsis lees paub cov khoom lag luam,muas online
Kev muag cawv thiab lwm yam khoom muag txiav txim siab tshwj xeeb tiv thaiv cov cai ntawm cov neeg siv khoom uas yuav khoom hauv Is Taws Nem. Qhov no yog vim tsis muaj peev xwm los tshuaj xyuas thiab kov cov khoom ua ntej yuav khoom, txhawm rau ntsuas qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom yuav thiab nws cov nta kom txog rau thaum lub sijhawm tau txais.
Kev sib txuas nrog cov lus tseeb no, txoj cai lij choj muab lub sijhawm rau tus neeg yuav khoom tsis kam ua kev yuav khoom kom txog thaum lub sijhawm cov khoom xa tuaj los ntawm lub khw hauv online. Raws li tsab xov xwm 497 ntawm Civil Code, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tsis kam txais cov khoom, tus neeg yuav khoom yuav tsum tau them rov qab rau tus neeg muag khoom rau tag nrho cov nuj nqis uas tau tshwm sim los ntawm nws vim yog kev txiav txim siab ua kom tiav daim ntawv cog lus (piv txwv li, them tus me nyuam).
Nqe 26.1 ntawm txoj cai lij choj uas tiv thaiv cov cai ntawm cov neeg siv khoom, tus neeg yuav khoom tau txais txoj cai tsis kam lees cov khoom yuav khoom ua ntej hnub kawg ntawm xya hnub txij li hnub tau txais. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub uas tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv hais txog lub sijhawm thiab cov txheej txheem xa rov qab cov khoom uas tsim nyog (tsis yog muab los ntawm tus neeg muag khoom hauv kev sau ntawv thaum xa khoom), lub sijhawm xa rov qab tau txuas ntxiv rau cov neeg siv khoom rau peb lub hlis.
Cov lus qhia tsuas yog siv rau kev lag luam nyob deb. Hauv lwm qhov xwm txheej, tsuas yog cov khoom uas muaj qhov tsis xws luag tuaj yeem xa rov qab. Raws li cov khoom lag luam zoo, tsuas yog hloov ntawm ib yam nrog lwm tus (los ntawm xim, qhov loj me, thiab lwm yam) tuaj yeem ua tiav. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub sijhawm sib pauv yog txwv rau kaum plaub hnub.
Thaum ua kev yuav khoom hauv Is Taws Nem ntawm khwKoj tuaj yeem xa rov qab cov khoom tsuas yog tias nws cov khoom siv, kev nthuav qhia thiab cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb tau khaws cia. Thaum tsis muaj ntaub ntawv, koj tuaj yeem xa mus rau lwm cov pov thawj tias cov khoom tau yuav los ntawm tus neeg muag khoom no.
Qee zaum, nws tsis tuaj yeem tsis kam lees cov khoom ntawm qhov zoo sib xws. Qhov no siv tau rau cov khoom uas muaj cov khoom ntawm ib tus kheej txhais hom. Tshwj xeeb, peb tab tom tham txog kev muag tshuaj thiab lwm yam khoom siv uas tsuas yog siv tau los ntawm cov neeg siv khoom uas yuav nws. Thaum xa khoom rov qab, tus neeg muag khoom yuav tsum xa cov nyiaj rov qab rau tus neeg yuav khoom, rho tawm tus nqi xa khoom, tsis pub dhau kaum hnub.
Kev tsis lees paub cov khoom tsis zoo yuav los ntawm Is Taws Nem
Cov khoom lag luam hauv online tsis zoo yuav raug raws li txoj cai xa rov qab raws li kev muag khoom tsis tu ncua (Tshooj 18 ntawm txoj cai tiv thaiv neeg siv khoom).
Yog tus neeg yuav khoom pom qhov tsis xws luag, nws muaj cai ua ib qho ntawm tsib yam:
- xav kom hloov cov khoom raws nraim tib yam.
- Xav tau hloov cov khoom nrog tib yam, tab sis nrog lub npe sib txawv (nrog rov suav dua ntawm tus nqi yog tias tus nqi sib txawv).
- Xav kom txo tus nqi ntawm cov khoom mus rau qhov sib npaug.
- Yuav kom tus neeg muag khoom tshem tawm tam sim ntawd qhov tsis txaus ntseeg tau them dawb.
- Tsis kam lees cov khoom thiab thov nyiaj rov qab los pauv rau cov khoom xa rov qab.
- Tau qhov kev puas tsuaj yog tias tshwm sim los ntawm kev yuav khoomCov khoom tsis raug.
Yuav ua tau tom qab hnub kawg raug cai
Thaum muag deb, nws tseem tuaj yeem xa rov qab (hloov) cov khoom hauv qab no:
- yog tias pom muaj qhov tsis xws luag hauv cov khoom;
- yog tias tus neeg muag khoom tau ua txhaum lub sijhawm teem tseg los ntawm txoj cai lij choj txhawm rau tshem tawm qhov tsis txaus ntseeg;
- yog tias cov khoom siv tsis tuaj yeem siv txhua xyoo thaum lub sijhawm lav ntau tshaj peb caug hnub vim tias qhov kev tshem tawm tas li ntawm ntau yam tsis xws luag.
Cov kev cai li no siv rau cov khoom muag hauv Is Taws Nem, lees paub tias yog kev ua haujlwm nyuaj. Lawv cov npe tau tsim los ntawm Txoj Cai ntawm Tsoomfwv Lavxias No. 575 ntawm Tsib Hlis 13, 1997.
Txoj Cai Rov Qab
Thaum muag khoom thiab xa khoom los ntawm kev ua lag luam, tus neeg muag khoom muaj lub luag haujlwm sib luag rau qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom thiab cov khoom tsis txaus. Qhov tsis xws luag yog lub luag haujlwm ntawm tus neeg muag khoom yog tias tus neeg yuav khoom tuaj yeem ua pov thawj tias lawv sawv ua ntej tau txais cov khoom.
Yog tias qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov tsis zoo raug kuaj pom, tus neeg muag khoom yuav tsum lees txais cov khoom rau kev tswj xyuas kom zoo. Tus neeg yuav khoom tuaj yeem koom nrog hauv qhov kev txheeb xyuas no. Qhov tsis muaj daim ntawv txais nyiaj lossis lwm cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj qhov tseeb ntawm kev yuav khoom tsis suav tias yog vim li cas thiaj tsis kam txais cov khoom.
Yog tias cov khoom lag luam tsis zoo yog qhov loj lossis hnyav tshaj tsib kilograms, nws yuav raug xa mus rau kev tshuaj xyuas, kho, hloov, kos lossis xa rov qabntawm tus nqi ntawm tus muag khoom.
Kev txawj ntse
Raws li tsab xov xwm 20-22 ntawm txoj cai lij choj tiv thaiv neeg siv khoom thiab cov cai tsim los ntawm National Distance Selling Association, tus neeg yuav khoom muaj cai tuaj koom thaum kuaj xyuas cov khoom tsis raug, nrog rau kev tawm tsam nws qhov kev txiav txim siab. yog nws tsis pom zoo rau qhov kev xeem.
Yog tias thaum lub sijhawm kuaj xyuas nws tau tsim tias tus neeg muag khoom tsis raug liam rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov tsis xws luag (tus neeg yuav khoom txhaum, kev quab yuam majeure, thiab lwm yam), tus neeg yuav khoom yuav tsum them rov qab cov nqi muag khoom rau kev kuaj xyuas, kev thauj mus los. thiab khaws cia cov khoom.
Yog tias pom qhov tsis txaus txaus, txoj cai muag kev deb tso cai rau tus neeg muag khoom kom tshem tawm qhov tsis txaus ntseeg tsis pub dhau ob xyoos txij li hnub tau txais cov khoom los ntawm tus neeg yuav khoom, thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm., los yog nyob rau hauv kaum xyoo, yog hais tias ib lub sij hawm tsis tsim.
Yog tias, tom qab kev tshuaj xyuas, qhov ua tsis tau ntawm kev tshem tawm cov teeb meem raug tsim, tus neeg yuav khoom yuav xav tau cov khoom hloov pauv lossis cov nyiaj rov qab rau nws.
Tshaj tawm daim ntawv xa rov qab
Kev xa rov qab ntawm cov khoom yog nrog los ntawm kev npaj daim ntawv them nqi tsim nyog. Nws muaj cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no:
- tuam txhab npe tag nrho ntawm lub koom haum muag;
- npe ntawm cov khoom yuav hauv online;
- npe, npe, tus neeg siv khoom;
- hnub kos npe ntawm daim ntawv cog lusthiab hloov khoom;
- nqi xa rov qab;
- kos npe ntawm ob tog.
Yog tus neeg muag khoom tsis kam kos daim ntawv xa nyiaj lossis kev ua, tus neeg yuav khoom tsis poob nws txoj cai xa cov khoom lossis nyiaj rau nws. Yog tias hnub xa rov qab ntawm cov nyiaj thiab cov khoom tsis sib xws, cov nyiaj raug xa mus rau tus neeg yuav khoom siv ib txoj hauv kev xaiv los ntawm nws:
- Hloov los ntawm mail.
- Nyiaj kub ntawm qhov chaw muag khoom.
- Los ntawm kev xa mus rau tus neeg yuav khoom lub txhab nyiaj.
Tag nrho cov nqi xa rov qab yog tus muag khoom.
hnub kawg thov
Raws li txoj cai dav dav, lub sijhawm kawg ntawm kev ua ntawv thov rau cov khoom tsis raug yog lub sijhawm lav lossis hnub tas sijhawm. Yog tias lub sijhawm teev tseg tsawg dua ob xyoos, tab sis qhov tsis xws luag tau pom los ntawm tus neeg yuav khoom hauv lub sijhawm ob xyoos, nws muaj txoj cai los nthuav tawm daim ntawv thov rau tus neeg muag khoom yog tias nws tau ua pov thawj rau nws tias qhov tsis xws luag tshwm sim ua ntej. nws hloov mus rau tus neeg yuav khoom. Yog tias lub sijhawm lav tsis tau teev tseg, lub sijhawm dav dav yog ob xyoos, tshwj tsis yog lwm lub sijhawm raug tsim los ntawm txoj cai lossis daim ntawv cog lus muag.
Lub sijhawm lav thiab lub neej kev pabcuam ntawm cov khoom raug suav txij lub sijhawm hloov mus rau tus neeg yuav khoom, tshwj tsis yog lwm yam xwm txheej tau sau tseg hauv daim ntawv cog lus. Piv txwv li, rau cov khoom raws caij nyoog, cov nqe lus pib suav nrog raws li kev tswj hwm ntawm cov ncauj lus raws li kev nyab xeeb ntawm tus neeg yuav khoom qhov chaw nyob.
Thaum xa cov khoom muag hauv Is Taws Nem, cov nqe lus pib suav txij thaum cov khoom xa tuaj rau cov neeg siv khoom. Yog tias nws tsis tuaj yeem txiav txim siabnws pib coincides nrog hnub xaus ntawm daim ntawv cog lus rau kev muag khoom.
Cov ntsiab lus txhawm rau tshem tawm qhov tsis zoo uas pom hauv cov khoom zoo ib yam li cov ntsiab lus rau kev yuav thiab muag ntawm cov khw muag khoom.
Txawm tias muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kev yuav khoom hauv online thiab kev muag khoom muag, cov ntsiab cai ntawm kev muag khoom, nrog rau cov cai ntawm cov neeg yuav khoom, yog tib yam. Qee qhov xwm txheej, cov neeg yuav khoom hauv online muaj kev tiv thaiv ntau dua li cov neeg yuav khoom muag. Qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb tias cov neeg muag khoom yuav tsum tau muab tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog ntawm cov khoom thaum muag nws, thaum lub khw muag khoom tsis yog ib txwm npaj los qhia cov neeg siv khoom txog cov khoom ntawm ib yam khoom. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov neeg muag khoom yuav tsum nkag mus rau hauv cov ntawv cog lus uas cuam tshuam, them se, ua lub luag haujlwm rau kev ua raws li cov khoom lag luam nrog cov qauv zoo, thiab tseem them nyiaj rau cov kev poob uas tshwm sim los ntawm cov neeg yuav khoom (yog tias tsim nyog).
