Lub ntsiab txhais ntawm lub diode yog tias nws yog ib qho khoom siv uas muaj qhov sib txawv, nyob ntawm seb qhov kev taw qhia ntawm cov hluav taws xob tam sim no ntws. Nws siv yog tsim nyog nyob rau hauv circuits uas yuav tsum tau txwv nws txoj kev. Kab lus no yuav qhia koj ntxiv txog cov cuab yeej ntawm lub diode, nrog rau hom twg muaj nyob thiab yuav ua li cas kom paub qhov txawv ntawm lawv.
History of Appearance
Txoj haujlwm ntsig txog diodes tau pib ua ke los ntawm ob tus kws tshawb fawb ib zaug - Briton Frederick Guthrie thiab German Carl Brown. Qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm thawj zaug tau ua raws li lub raj diodes, qhov thib ob - ntawm cov khoom hauv lub xeev. Txawm li cas los xij, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev tshawb fawb nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd tsis tau tso cai ua kom muaj kev cuam tshuam loj hauv cov kev taw qhia no, tab sis muab cov zaub mov tshiab rau kev xav.
Tom qab ntawd ob peb xyoos tom qab Thomas Edison rov tshawb pom diodes thiab tom qab ntawd patented lub invention. Txawm li cas los xij, rau qee yam, nws tsis pom ib daim ntawv thov hauv nws cov haujlwm. Yog li ntawd, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm diode thev naus laus zis tau txuas ntxiv los ntawm lwm cov kws tshawb fawb hauv ntau xyoo.
Los ntawm txoj kev, ua ntej pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, diodes raug hu uarectifiers. Tom qab ntawd tus kws tshawb fawb William Henry Eckles tau siv ob lo lus hauv paus - di thiab odos. Thawj los ntawm Greek txhais ua "ob", qhov thib ob - "txoj kev". Yog li lo lus "diode" txhais tau tias "ob txoj kev".
Txoj hauv paus ntsiab lus ua haujlwm thiab cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm diodes
Lub diode muaj ob lub electrodes - anode thiab cathode. Yog hais tias lub anode muaj lub peev xwm zoo nrog rau cov cathode, ces lub diode qhib. Ntawd yog, tam sim no dhau mus thiab muaj qhov ua haujlwm me me ntawm diode.
Yog tias muaj qhov zoo ntawm lub cathode, ces lub diode tsis qhib, muaj kev tiv thaiv siab thiab tsis dhau hluav taws xob tam sim no.
Lub diode ua haujlwm li cas?
Yeej, lub cev ntawm cov khoom yog ua los ntawm iav, hlau lossis ceramics. Hauv qab txheej yog ob lub electrodes. Qhov yooj yim diode muaj ib txoj kab uas hla me me filament.
Tej zaum yuav muaj cov xaim tshwj xeeb hauv lub cathode. Nws muaj cov cuab yeej ua kom sov los ntawm hluav taws xob tam sim no thiab hu ua "heater".
Cov khoom siv hauv kev tsim khoom, feem ntau silicon lossis germanium. Ib sab ntawm lub caij muaj qhov tsis txaus ntawm cov hluav taws xob, lwm qhov - ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, lawv ntau dhau. Muaj ib tug ciam ntawm lawv, uas muab ib tug p-n hlws ris. Nws yog tus uas tso cai rau koj ua raws li txoj cai tam sim no.
Diode yam ntxwv
Thaum xaiv ib lub caij, lawv feem ntau yog coj los ntawm ob qhov ntsuas - qhov siab tshaj qhov rov qab voltage thiab qhov siab tshaj plaws tam sim no lub zog.
Kev siv cov diodes hauv lub neej txhua hnub
Ib qho piv txwv ci ntsa iabsiv diodes - tsheb generator. Nws muaj ib tug complex ntawm ob peb yam xws li, uas yog hu ua "diode choj".
Tsis tas li, cov khoom siv nquag siv hauv TV lossis xov tooj cua. Ua ke nrog cov capacitors, diodes tuaj yeem rho tawm ntau zaus los ntawm ntau yam kev hloov pauv.
Ntau zaus ntau lub diodes yog siv hauv circuits los tiv thaiv cov neeg siv khoom los ntawm hluav taws xob poob.
Nws tseem tsim nyog hais tias txhua lub hwj chim rau ntau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yuav tsum muaj diodes.
Types of diodes
Yeej, cov ntsiab lus tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob pawg. Thawj yog hom semiconductor diodes, qhov thib ob yog non-semiconductor.
Nws yog thawj pab pawg uas tau nthuav dav. Lub npe los ntawm cov khoom siv los ntawm cov diode yog tsim: ob lub semiconductors lossis semiconductor nrog hlau.
Tseem muaj ntau yam tshwj xeeb ntawm diodes uas siv rau hauv cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb thiab cov khoom siv.
Zener Diode lossis Zener Diode
Hom no yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov tseeb tias thaum muaj kev puas tsuaj tshwm sim, qhov nce ntxiv ntawm qhov tam sim no tshwm sim nrog qhov tseeb siab. Qhov no feature yog siv nyob rau hauv voltage stabilization.
Tunnel
Hauv cov ntsiab lus yooj yim, hom diode no ua rau qhov tsis zoo ntawm qhov tam sim no-voltage yam ntxwv. Feem ntau siv hauv amplifiers thiab oscillators.
YInverted diode
Nws muaj peev xwm txo qis qhov voltage hauv hom qhib. Qhov no kuj yog nyob ntawm lub qhovcov nyhuv zoo ib yam li yav dhau los diode.
Varicap
Hais txog ib hom semiconductor diodes uas tau nce capacitance hluav taws xob tswj nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm qhov rov qab voltage hloov. Siv nyob rau hauv tuning thiab calibration ntawm oscillatory circuits.
LED
Qhov peculiarity ntawm hom diode yog tias nws tawm lub teeb thaum tam sim no ntws mus rau pem hauv ntej. Nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb niaj hnub no, nws yog siv yuav luag txhua qhov chaw uas yuav tsum tau teeb pom kev zoo nrog lub teeb pom kev lag luam.
Photodiode
Nws muaj cov khoom thim rov qab ntawm qhov piv txwv dhau los. Ntawd yog, nws pib tsim hluav taws xob thaum lub teeb tsoo nws.
Marking
Txhawm rau txiav txim siab hom, txhawm rau txhawm rau paub cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob semiconductor, cov tuam txhab siv cov npe tshwj xeeb rau lub cev ntawm lub cev. Nws muaj plaub ntu.
Nyob rau hauv thawj qhov chaw - ib tsab ntawv lossis tus lej, qhia cov khoom siv los ntawm lub diode. Muaj peev xwm coj tus nqi hauv qab no:
- G (1) - germanium;
- K (2) - silicon;
- A (3) - gallium arsenide;
- Thiab (4) - indium.
Ntawm qhov thib ob - hom diode. Lawv tuaj yeem muaj lub ntsiab lus sib txawv:
- D - rectifiers;
- B - varicap;
- YA - microwave;
- I - qhov av;
- С - zener diodes;
- C - rectifier ncej thiab blocks.
Qhov thib peb yog tus lej qhia thaj chawElement application.
Plaub qhov chaw - tus lej ntawm 01 txog 99, qhia tus lej ntawm kev txhim kho.
Tsis tas li, kev xaiv ntxiv tuaj yeem siv rau rooj plaub. Tab sis, raws li txoj cai, lawv tau siv rau hauv cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb thiab circuits.
Rau qhov yooj yim ntawm kev nkag siab, diodes kuj tuaj yeem raug cim nrog ntau hom duab cim, xws li cov dots thiab kab txaij. Tsis muaj qhov tshwj xeeb logic hauv cov duab kos. Ntawd yog, txhawm rau txiav txim siab seb hom diode nws yog dab tsi, koj yuav tsum tau saib rau hauv lub rooj sib tham tshwj xeeb.
Triodes
Hom hluav taws xob no zoo ib yam li lub diode, tab sis nws ua lwm yam haujlwm thiab muaj nws tus kheej tsim.
Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm diode thiab triode yog qhov tom kawg muaj peb lub davhlau ya nyob twg thiab lub npe "transistor" feem ntau siv los ntawm nws. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm yog ua raws li kev tswj xyuas tam sim no hauv cov zis hluav taws xob nrog lub teeb liab me me.
Diodes thiab triodes (transistors) yog siv nyob rau hauv yuav luag txhua yam khoom siv hluav taws xob. suav nrog cov processors.
pros and cons
Ua ntej qhov xaus, koj tuaj yeem sau tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv hais txog diodes thiab ua cov npe ntawm lawv qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo.
Pros:
- Tus nqi qis ntawm diodes.
- kev ua tau zoo heev.
- muaj peev txheej ua haujlwm siab.
- me me, uas ua rau nws yooj yim los tso rau ntawm daim duab.
- Muaj peev xwm siv lub diode hauv alternating tam sim no.
Ntawm cov minuses, tej zaum, ib tus tuaj yeem tawm qhov tseeb tias tsis muaj ib hom semiconductor rau high voltages ntawm ob peb kilovolts. Yog li ntawd, koj yuav tau siv cov laus teeb counterparts. Tsis tas li ntawd, raug rau qhov kub thiab txias tsis zoo cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm thiab kev mob ntawm lub caij.
Qee qhov tseeb txog diodes
thawj cov ntawv luam tau raug tsim los ntawm kev siv qis. Yog li ntawd, kev sib kis ntawm cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov diodes yog qhov loj heev, vim tias cov khoom tiav lawm yuav tsum yog, raws li lawv hais, "tso tawm". Ntawd yog, qee qhov diodes, nws yuav zoo li, ntawm tib lub koob tuaj yeem tau txais cov khoom sib txawv kiag li. Tom qab kev tshuaj ntsuam, cov khoom raug sau npe raws li lawv cov yam ntxwv tiag tiag.
Diodes ua nyob rau hauv lub khob iav muaj ib qho kev nthuav feature - rhiab heev rau lub teeb. Ntawd yog, yog tias lub cuab yeej, uas suav nrog cov khoom zoo li no, muaj lub hau qhib, ces tag nrho cov Circuit Court tuaj yeem ua haujlwm sib txawv hauv lub xeev kaw thiab qhib.
Zoo kawg
Feem ntau, txhawm rau nkag siab thiab nkag siab tias yuav siv tau li cas thiab qhov twg siv diodes, koj yuav tsum kawm ntau cov ntaub ntawv. Kev tsim nyog yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab yam khoom los ntawm qhov muag. Zoo, rau cov pib tshiab, cov rooj thiab cov cim qhia tuaj yeem pab nrog qhov no.
Nws tseem yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg yog qhov kev nkag siab yooj yim ntawm cov hluav taws xob tam sim no, nws cov khoom. Tau kawg, qhov no tau dhau los hauv tsev kawm, tab sis tam sim no leej twg tuaj yeem nco qab txawm tias Ohm txoj cai?
Yog li ntawd, tsis muaj kev paub yooj yim, dhia mus rau hauv lub ntiaj teb ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yuav muaj teeb meem heev.
