Lub tshuab hluav taws xob unipolar yog lub tshuab hluav taws xob ncaj qha tam sim no uas muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob lossis lub tog raj kheej tig hauv lub dav hlau. Nws muaj peev xwm ntawm lub zog sib txawv ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntawm lub disk thiab lub npoo (los yog qhov kawg ntawm lub tog raj kheej) nrog cov hluav taws xob polarity, uas nyob ntawm qhov kev taw qhia ntawm kev sib hloov thiab kev taw qhia ntawm thaj chaw.
Nws tseem hu ua unipolar Faraday oscillator. Qhov voltage feem ntau tsis tshua muaj, ntawm qhov kev txiav txim ntawm ob peb volts nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov qauv ua qauv me me, tab sis cov tshuab tshawb fawb loj tuaj yeem tsim tau ntau pua volts, thiab qee lub tshuab muaj ntau lub tshuab oscillators rau qhov ntau dua voltages. Lawv txawv ntawm qhov lawv tuaj yeem tsim hluav taws xob tam sim no uas muaj peev xwm tshaj li ib lab amperes, txij li lub tshuab hluav taws xob unipolar tsis tas yuav muaj qhov muaj zog sab hauv.
Invention Story
Thawj homopolar mechanism yog tsim los ntawm Michael Faraday thaum nws sim xyoo 1831. Nws feem ntau hu ua Faraday disc lossis log tom qab nws. Qhov no yog qhov pib ntawm niaj hnub dynamosmachines, uas yog, hluav taws xob generators ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ib tug magnetic teb. Nws yog qhov tsis muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab tsis siv los ua lub zog siv hluav taws xob, tab sis pom tias muaj peev xwm tsim hluav taws xob siv hlau nplaum thiab ua rau txoj hauv kev rau hloov DC dynamos thiab tom qab ntawd alternators.
Qhov tsis zoo ntawm thawj lub tshuab hluav taws xob
Faraday's disc feem ntau tsis muaj txiaj ntsig vim yog cov dej ntws tam sim no. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob unipolar yuav piav qhia tsuas yog los ntawm nws qhov piv txwv. Thaum lub sij hawm tam sim no ntws tau induced ncaj qha nyob rau hauv lub hlau nplaum, cov tam sim no circulated nyob rau hauv lub opposite direction. Lub backflow txwv lub zog tso zis rau cov xaim tau txais thiab ua rau tsis muaj cua sov ntawm cov tooj liab disk. Tom qab homopolar generators tuaj yeem daws qhov teeb meem no nrog cov hlau nplaum tso rau ib puag ncig ntawm lub disk kom tswj tau qhov chaw tas li nyob ib puag ncig thiab tshem tawm cov chaw uas rov qab tuaj yeem tshwm sim.
Kev txhim kho ntxiv
Tsis ntev tom qab thawj Faraday disk tau lees paub tias yog lub tshuab hluav taws xob siv tau, hloov kho version tau tsim los ua ke nrog cov hlau nplaum thiab disk hauv ib qho kev sib hloov (rotor), tab sis lub tswv yim ntawm qhov cuam tshuam unipolar generator tau tshwj tseg rau qhov no kev teeb tsa. Ib qho ntawm cov patents ntxov tshaj plaws rau generic unipolar mechanisms tau txais los ntawm A. F. Delafield, US Patent 278,516.
Tshawb nrhiav lub siab zoo
Lwm yam cuam tshuam thaum ntxov unipolar patentslub tshuab hluav taws xob tau muab faib rau S. Z. De Ferranti thiab S. Batchelor. Nikola Tesla txaus siab rau Faraday disk thiab ua haujlwm nrog homopolar mechanisms, thiab thaum kawg tau patented ib qho kev txhim kho ntawm cov cuab yeej hauv US Patent 406,968.
Tesla's "Dynamo Electric Machine" patent (Tesla's unipolar generator) piav qhia txog kev npaj ntawm ob qho tib si disks nrog cov sib txuas sib txuas sib txuas, xws li rubeys, los ntawm txoj siv hlau. Txhua lub disk muaj ib daim teb rov qab mus rau lwm qhov, kom cov dej ntws tam sim no dhau los ntawm ib lub ncej mus rau ntawm ntug ntawm lub disk, los ntawm txoj siv mus rau lwm tus ntug, thiab mus rau lub ncej thib ob. Qhov no yuav txo tau qhov kev sib txhuam tsis zoo los ntawm cov zawv zawg cov neeg sib cuag, tso cai rau ob qho tib si hluav taws xob sensors cuam tshuam nrog lub shafts ntawm ob lub discs ntau dua li cov ncej thiab kev kub ceev rim.
Tom qab patents tau muab tsub rau S. P. Steinmetz thiab E. Thomson rau lawv txoj haujlwm ntawm high voltage unipolar generators. Lub Forbes Dynamo, tsim los ntawm Scottish hluav taws xob engineer George Forbes, tau dav siv nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 20th caug xyoo. Feem ntau ntawm cov kev tsim kho hauv homopolar mechanisms tau patented los ntawm J. E. Noeggerath thiab R. Eickemeyer.
50s
Homopolar generators tau ntsib kev rov ua dua tshiab hauv xyoo 1950s ua qhov chaw ntawm lub zog cia. Cov khoom siv no siv cov disks hnyav ua ib hom flywheel los khaws cov tshuab hluav taws xob uas tuaj yeem muab pov tseg sai sai rau hauv cov cuab yeej sim.
Ib qho piv txwv ntxov ntawm cov cuab yeej no tau tsim los ntawm Sir Mark Oliphant ntawm Lub Tsev Kawm Tshawb FawbPhysical Sciences thiab Engineering los ntawm Australian National University. Nws khaws cia txog li 500 megajoules ntawm lub zog thiab tau siv los ua qhov chaw siab tshaj tam sim no rau kev sim synchrotron los ntawm 1962 txog rau thaum nws tau rhuav tshem hauv 1986. Oliphant tus qauv tsim muaj peev xwm xa cov dej ntws mus txog 2 megaamperes (MA).
Tsim los ntawm Parker Kinetic Designs
Txawm tias cov khoom siv loj dua li qhov no tau tsim thiab tsim los ntawm Parker Kinetic Designs (yav tas los OIME Kev Tshawb Fawb & Kev Txhim Kho) ntawm Austin. Lawv tsim cov cuab yeej siv rau ntau lub hom phiaj, los ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob railroad pistols mus rau linear motors (rau qhov chaw xa tawm) thiab ntau yam riam phom tsim. 10 MJ kev lag luam tsim tau raug qhia rau ntau lub luag haujlwm suav nrog hluav taws xob vuam.
Cov khoom siv no muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, ib qho uas tig rau hauv qhov chaw sib nqus nrog ib qho hluav taws xob tiv tauj ze ntawm lub axis thiab lwm qhov nyob ze ntawm qhov chaw. Lawv tau raug siv los ua kom muaj kev kub ntxhov ntawm qhov tsis tshua muaj hluav taws xob hauv thaj chaw xws li vuam, electrolysis, thiab kev tshawb fawb railgun. Hauv kev siv lub zog hluav taws xob, lub angular momentum ntawm lub rotor yog siv los khaws lub zog rau lub sijhawm ntev thiab tso tawm hauv lub sijhawm luv luv.
Tsis zoo li lwm hom kev sib hloov unipolar generators, cov zis voltage yeej tsis thim rov qab polarity. Kev sib cais ntawm kev them nqi yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov kev txiav txim ntawm Lorentz quab yuam ntawm cov nqi pub dawb hauv disk. Cov lus tsa suab yog azimuthal thiab daim teb yog axial, yog lielectromotive quab yuam yog radial.
Kev sib cuag hluav taws xob feem ntau yog ua los ntawm " txhuam" lossis lub nplhaib plam, ua rau poob siab ntawm qhov hluav taws xob tsawg tsim. Qee qhov kev poob no tuaj yeem txo qis los ntawm kev siv mercury lossis lwm yam yooj yim liquefied hlau lossis alloy (gallium, NaK) ua " txhuam" los muab kev sib cuag hluav taws xob ze li ntawm.
Kev hloov kho
Ib qho kev hloov kho tsis ntev los no tau siv rau kev sib cuag plasma haum nrog qhov tsis zoo tiv thaiv neon streamer kov lub npoo ntawm lub disc lossis nruas siv tshwj xeeb ua haujlwm qis ua haujlwm carbon hauv kab kab ntsug. Qhov no yuav muaj qhov zoo ntawm kev tiv thaiv qis heev hauv qhov tam sim no, muaj peev xwm mus txog ntau txhiab amps, tsis muaj kev sib cuag nrog cov kua hlau.
Yog tias cov hlau nplaum tsim los ntawm cov hlau nplaum ruaj khov, lub tshuab hluav taws xob ua haujlwm txawm tias cov hlau nplaum txuas nrog lub stator lossis tig nrog lub disk. Ua ntej qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm electron thiab Lorentz txoj cai lij choj ntawm kev quab yuam, qhov tshwm sim no tau piav tsis tau thiab raug hu ua Faraday's paradox.
Nruas Hom
Nruas homopolar generator muaj qhov sib nqus (V) uas radiates radially los ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntawm lub nruas thiab induces voltage (V) raws nws tag nrho ntev. Lub nruas conductive rotating los ntawm saum toj no nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm ib tug "loudspeaker" hom hlau nplaum nrog ib tug ncej nyob rau hauv lub center thiab lwm yam nyob ib ncig ntawm nws, tej zaum yuav siv conductive pob bearings nyob rau hauv nws sab saum toj thiabqis dua los ntes cov generated tam sim no.
Nyob zoo
Unipolar inductors pom muaj nyob rau hauv astrophysics, qhov twg tus neeg xyuas pib tig los ntawm qhov chaw sib nqus, piv txwv li, thaum lub plasma muaj zog heev hauv ionosphere ntawm qhov chaw lub cev txav mus los ntawm nws qhov chaw sib nqus.
Unipolar inductors tau txuam nrog Uranian aurora, binary hnub qub, qhov dub, galaxies, Jupiter lub hli Io, lub hli, hnub ci cua, hnub ci, thiab Venusian magnetic tail.
Mechanism nta
Zoo li txhua yam khoom siv tau hais los saum toj no, Faraday disk hloov lub zog kinetic rau hauv hluav taws xob. Lub tshuab no tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas siv Faraday tus kheej txoj cai ntawm electromagnetic induction.
Txoj cai lij choj no hauv nws daim ntawv niaj hnub no hais tias qhov sib txawv ntawm cov hlau nplaum sib nqus los ntawm lub voj voog kaw ua rau lub zog hluav taws xob nyob rau hauv nws, uas ua rau muaj hluav taws xob tam sim no.
Cov khoom siv saum npoo uas txhais tau tias cov hlau nplaum sib nqus tuaj yeem rov sau dua ua ib kab ib ncig ntawm lub voj voog. Txawm hais tias qhov sib xyaw ua ke ntawm txoj kab tsis sib xws tsis nyob ntawm lub sijhawm, txij li Faraday disk uas yog ib feem ntawm tus ciam teb ntawm txoj kab ib txwm txav mus los, cov txiaj ntsig ntawm tag nrho lub sijhawm tsis yog xoom thiab xa rov qab tus nqi raug rau kev suav cov electromotive quab yuam. Xwb, lub disk tuaj yeem raug txo mus rau lub nplhaib conductive nyob ib ncig ntawm nws qhov ncig nrog ib qho hlau hais txuas lub nplhaib rau lub qag.
Lorentz yuam txoj cai sib duasiv los piav qhia tus cwj pwm ntawm lub tshuab. Txoj cai no, tsim peb caug xyoo tom qab Faraday txoj kev tuag, hais tias lub zog ntawm ib qho hluav taws xob yog proportional rau tus ntoo khaub lig khoom ntawm nws cov tshaj tawm thiab cov magnetic flux vector.
Raws li cov ntsiab lus geometric, qhov no txhais tau hais tias lub zog yog qhia ntawm lub kaum sab xis mus rau ob qho tib si lub nrawm (azimuth) thiab cov hlau nplaum sib nqus (axial), uas yog li ntawd nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia radial. Lub radial txav ntawm electrons nyob rau hauv lub disk ua rau muaj kev sib cais ntawm cov nqi ntawm nws qhov chaw thiab lub npoo, thiab yog hais tias lub Circuit Court ua tiav, ib tug hluav taws xob tam sim no generated.
Lub cev muaj zog
Ib lub cev muaj zog unipolar yog DC ntaus ntawv nrog ob tus ncej sib nqus, uas nws cov neeg ua haujlwm ib txwm hla unidirectional magnetic flux kab, tig tus neeg xyuas pib nyob ib puag ncig axis kom nws nyob ntawm txoj cai kaum rau qhov chaw sib nqus zoo li qub. Qhov tshwm sim EMF (electromotive force), uas yog txuas mus rau hauv ib qho kev taw qhia, mus rau homopolar lub cev muaj zog tsis tas yuav tsum muaj lub commutator, tab sis tseem yuav tsum tau rings. Lub npe "homopolar" qhia tias cov hluav taws xob polarity ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib thiab cov ncej ntawm cov hlau nplaum tsis hloov (uas yog, nws tsis tas yuav hloov pauv).
Lub cev muaj zog unipolar yog thawj lub tshuab hluav taws xob tsim. Nws qhov kev ua tau tshwm sim los ntawm Michael Faraday hauv 1821 ntawm Royal Institution hauv London.
Invention
Nyob rau xyoo 1821, tsis ntev tom qab Danish physicist thiab chemist Hans Christian Oersted pomQhov tshwm sim ntawm electromagnetism, Humphry Davy thiab tus kws tshawb fawb Askiv William Hyde Wollaston tau sim, tab sis ua tsis tiav, los tsim lub tshuab hluav taws xob. Faraday, tsis sib haum xeeb raws li kev tso dag los ntawm Humphrey, tau mus tsim ob lub cuab yeej los tsim qhov nws hu ua "electromagnetic rotation". Ib tug ntawm lawv, tam sim no hu ua homopolar tsav, tsim ib tug nruam ncig ncig. Nws yog tshwm sim los ntawm ib puag ncig sib nqus quab yuam nyob ib ncig ntawm ib lub xaim tso rau hauv lub pas dej ua ke ntawm mercury uas cov hlau nplaum tau muab tso rau. Cov hlau yuav tig ib ncig ntawm cov hlau nplaum yog tias nws tau siv los ntawm cov roj teeb tshuaj.
Cov kev sim thiab kev tsim kho no tsim lub hauv paus ntawm cov cuab yeej hluav taws xob niaj hnub no. Tsis ntev Faraday tau tshaj tawm cov txiaj ntsig. Qhov no cuam tshuam kev sib raug zoo nrog Davy vim nws khib ntawm Faraday qhov kev ua tiav thiab ua rau yav tom ntej tig mus rau lwm yam, uas yog vim li ntawd nws tau txwv tsis pub nws koom nrog hauv kev tshawb fawb electromagnetic rau ntau xyoo.
B. G. Lamm piav qhia nyob rau hauv 1912 ib lub tshuab homopolar nrog lub hwj chim ntawm 2000 kW, 260 V, 7700 A thiab 1200 rpm nrog 16 lub nplhaib ntiv nplhaib ua haujlwm ntawm lub peripheral ceev ntawm 67 m / s. A 1125kW, 7.5V, 150,000A, 514rpm unipolar generator ua rau xyoo 1934 tau teeb tsa hauv Asmeskas steel zeb rau cov yeeb nkab vuam.
The same Lorentz law
Kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cav no zoo ib yam li lub tshuab hluav taws xob poob siab unipolar. Lub cev muaj zog unipolar yog tsav los ntawm Lorentz quab yuam. Ib tug neeg xyuas pib nrog ib tug tam sim no ntws los ntawm nws, thaum muab tso rau hauv ib tug magnetic teb thiab perpendicular rau nws, xav tias muaj zog nyob rau hauvkev taw qhia perpendicular rau ob qho tib si magnetic teb thiab tam sim no. Lub zog no muab lub sijhawm tig ncig ntawm qhov axis ntawm kev sib hloov.
Vim qhov tom kawg yog qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov sib nqus, thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm cov hlau nplaum tsis hloov polarity, kev hloov tsis tas yuav txuas ntxiv tig tus neeg xyuas pib. Qhov kev yooj yim no yooj yim tshaj plaws ua tiav nrog kev tsim ib zaug tig, ua homopolar motors tsis haum rau feem ntau cov kev siv.
Zoo li feem ntau cov tshuab hluav taws xob (xws li Neggerath lub tshuab hluav taws xob unipolar), homopolar lub cev muaj zog rov qab: yog tias tus neeg xyuas pib hloov kho, nws yuav ua haujlwm raws li homopolar generator, tsim kom muaj DC voltage ntawm ob lub terminals ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib.
Qhov tam sim no tsis tu ncua yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm homopolar xwm txheej ntawm tus qauv tsim. Homopolar generators (HPGs) tau tshawb nrhiav ntau nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 20th raws li qhov chaw ntawm qhov tsis tshua muaj hluav taws xob tab sis siab tam sim no ncaj qha tam sim no, thiab tau ua tiav qee qhov kev vam meej hauv kev siv hluav taws xob sim railguns.
Kev tsim kho
Ua lub tshuab hluav taws xob unipolar nrog koj tus kheej tes yog qhov yooj yim heev. Lub cev muaj zog unipolar kuj yooj yim heev rau kev sib sau. Cov hlau nplaum tas mus li yog siv los tsim ib qho chaw sib nqus sab nraud uas tus neeg xyuas pib yuav tig, thiab lub roj teeb ua rau tam sim no ntws raws cov hlau conductive.
Nws tsis yog qhov tsim nyog rau cov hlau nplaum txav los yog txawm tuaj rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog tus so ntawm lub cev muaj zog; nws lub hom phiaj tsuas yog los tsim ib qho chaw sib nqus uas yuavcuam tshuam nrog ib qho zoo sib xws teb induced los ntawm tam sim no nyob rau hauv cov hlau. Nws tuaj yeem txuas cov hlau nplaum rau lub roj teeb thiab tso cai rau tus neeg xyuas pib tig ywj pheej raws li cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob ua tiav, kov ob sab saum toj ntawm lub roj teeb thiab cov hlau nplaum txuas rau hauv qab ntawm lub roj teeb. Cov hlau thiab roj teeb yuav sov thaum siv tas li.
