Txhua yam khoom siv hluav taws xob ua haujlwm raws li nws qhov tshwj xeeb. Siv lawv hauv kev tsim ntawm ntau yam khoom siv ntawm txhua qhov nyuaj, koj tuaj yeem ua tus qauv lej ntawm ib lub cuab yeej. Ntawm lub hauv paus ntsiab lus no, cov kev pab cuam tau tsim los siv cov qauv lej thiab tso cai rau koj pom kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob ntawm lub vijtsam saib. Lawv pab tau zoo heev hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv. Txuas cov nodes virtual rau ntau cov nodes
oscilloscopes, koj tuaj yeem paub tseeb tias cov khoom lag luam yav tom ntej ua haujlwm thiab, yog tias tsim nyog, hloov kho. Ntawm lawv lub hauv paus, koj tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog kawm txog kev tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, tab sis kuj kawm qee yam hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov ntsiab lus, ua rau koj qhov kev paub theoretical tob zuj zus. Ua piv txwv, peb tuaj yeem xav txog ib qho ntawm cov ntsiab lus hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob raws li cov yam ntxwv tam sim no-voltage, ntawm no tom qab CVC ntawm lub diode. Cov cuab yeej no zoo vim muaj ntau hom ntawm lawv. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv tau ntse siv nyob rau hauv hluav taws xob circuits. Cov cuab yeej no tau ua pov thawj lawv tus kheej ntau xyoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm hauv cov khoom siv rau ntau lub hom phiaj.
Thawj zaug xws li cov khoom tau sib sau ua ke hauv nws"tube" version thiab ntev heev tau siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim ntawm ntau yam circuits. Cov khoom siv zoo li no yog siv rau hauv lub raj amplifiers, uas tseem tsim los ntawm cov tuam txhab ib leeg. CVC ntawm diode nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yog piav qhia los ntawm lub mis Boguslavsky-Langmuir. Raws li cov qauv no, qhov tam sim no ntws los ntawm lub cuab yeej yog ncaj qha proportional rau qhov voltage mus rau lub hwj chim ntawm peb thib ob, multiplied los ntawm ib yam. Raws li koj tau pom, muaj ib tug nonlinearity nyob rau hauv thawj seem ntawm CVC ntawm lub diode. Qhov nkhaus no "txoj kev ncaj tawm" thaum nws mus txog qhov ntsuas kev ua haujlwm.
Qhov tsis sib xws ntawm cov khoom siv semiconductor yuav luag ze rau qhov zoo tagnrho. Lub nonlinearity nyob rau hauv thawj seem yog nyob ntawm cov khoom siv los ntawm cov khoom siv lead ua. Tsis tas li ntawd tseem ceeb heev yog tus nqi ntawm impurities, uas yog, zoo ntawm raw cov ntaub ntawv. Tus yam ntxwv IV ntawm ib lub semiconductor diode tuaj yeem sawv cev raws li qhov nkhaus uas txawv ntawm kwv yees li exponentially thiab muaj qhov cuam tshuam ua ntej nws mus txog nws cov yam ntxwv ua haujlwm. Hauv cov qauv silicon, qhov chaw ua haujlwm "so" ntawm qib 0.6-0.7 volts. Nws yog nyob ze rau qhov zoo tagnrho I-V yam ntxwv ntawm Schottky diode, ntawm no cov zis taw tes rau kev khiav hauj lwm yam ntxwv yuav nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm 0.2-0.4 Volts. Tab sis nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias ntawm qhov hluav taws xob ntau tshaj 50 volts, cov cuab yeej no ploj mus.
Lub npe hu ua zener diode muaj qhov nkhaus "inverse" mus rau ib qho khoom siv. Ntawd yog, thaum qhov hluav taws xob nce, qhov tam sim no xyaum tsis tshwm sim kom txog rau thaum ib qho chaw pib mus txog, tom qab ntawd nws nce zoo li avalanche.
Cov neeg tsim khoom ntawm cov khoom no sim tsis qhia qhov tseebcov yam ntxwv, txij li lawv txawv heev txawm nyob rau hauv tib batch. Tsis tas li ntawd, koj tuaj yeem nqa lub diode uas nws tus yam ntxwv I-V ntsuas tau raug ntsuas hauv chav kuaj thiab hloov nws qhov kub thiab txias. Thiab cov yam ntxwv yuav hloov. Feem ntau, qee qhov kev txwv rau kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tau qhia, nyob ntawm cov xwm txheej ntawm nws txoj haujlwm.
