Lithography yog ib txoj hauv kev luam ntawv uas luam tawm ntawm cov qauv ntawm daim ntawv tau txais los ntawm kev xa cov txheej number case nyob rau hauv siab ntawm lub phaj luam ntawv rau hauv daim ntawv. Hom kev luam ntawv no yog cov khoom qub tshaj plaws, nws tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 19th hauv Munich. Qhov tseeb, lithography yog cov txheej txheem raws li kev tawm tsam ntawm cov khoom muaj roj thiab dej. Lub hauv paus rau lub phaj luam ntawv yog lub pob zeb tshwj xeeb ua tiav nrog lub ntsej muag du, muaj cov limestone homogeneous. Ua ntej daim duab tau txais los ntawm lithography yog tsim, cov kauj ruam hauv qab no yuav tsum tau ua:
- tus qauv yog siv rau polished nto ntawm lub pob zeb nrog lithographic number case los yog ib tug cwj mem tshwj xeeb uas muaj roj;
- cov qauv siv yog etched nrog tshwj xeeb sib xyaw ntawm nitric acid thiab dextrin;
- tom qab etching, saum npoo ntawm pob zeb tuaj yeem nqus dej noo, thaum rov ua cov ntawv luam tawm nrog cov roj ntau ntau;
- nyob rau hauv xaus, daim duab yog ntxuav tawm nrog ib tug tshwj xeeb tincture uas muaj ib tug siab concentration ntawm cov kuab tshuaj.
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm lithography
Yog li, txhawm rau kom cov duab tshwm thaum siv txoj kev nokev luam ntawv, lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov khoom siv.
Lithography feem ntau tsis meej pem nrog kev kos duab, tab sis cov no yog cov qauv sib txawv ntawm kev kos duab. Lub engraving yog luam tawm los ntawm cov ntawv tshwj xeeb npaj. Carving tus tsim ntawm ib daim ntoo yog dab tsi engraving yog, lithography yuav tsum tsis txhob siv zog ua ntej. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, ib qho qauv tshwm rau ntawm daim ntawv siv txoj kev imprint. Cov duab tshwm sim tuaj yeem rov ua dua ntau zaus. Ib daim duab ua los ntawm lithography tuaj yeem yog ib qho ntawm nws hom. Tsis tas li ntawd, lithography muaj qhov zoo tsis txaus ntseeg. Masters uas pheej siv txoj kev lithography hauv lawv txoj haujlwm nco ntsoov tias lithography kuj yog ib txoj kev luam ntawv pheej yig. Nws cov txiaj ntsig hauv qab no yog qhov txawv:
- nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev kos duab, koj muaj peev xwm dawb do kho, hloov daim duab ntawm daim duab, ntxiv cov ntsiab lus tshiab;
- cov pwm pob zeb tuaj yeem rov siv tau tom qab sib tsoo dua;
- tsis zoo li engraving, txoj kev tso cai rau koj los ua xim kos duab, rau txhua xim daim duab yog siv rau ib lub pob zeb cais;
- cov txheej txheem kuj yooj yim ua.
Print duab
Yuav kom cov duab kom meej meej, nrog rau qhov tseeb, tsis pom qhov muag plooj, lub pob zeb lithographic yuav tsum ruaj khov rau ntawm lub tshuab tshwj xeeb. Thawj daim ntawv thov yog ntxuav tawm, tom qab uas nws yog pre-moistenedlub hauv paus yog siv nrog cov xim tshwj xeeb, uas yog tsim los ntawm cov roj kom qhuav. Cov ntawv luam ntawv ntxeem tau nias nruj nreem tiv thaiv lub pob zeb nplua nuj nrog cov ntawv luam ntawv, ces dov los ntawm saum toj no los ntawm lub tshuab rau cov menyuam. Qhov tshwm sim yog ib daim duab ntawm daim duab kos nrog cov xim dawb.
Dab tsi yog oleography
Txoj kev luam xim los ntawm kev luam tawm ntawm lub pob zeb hu ua oleography. Cov thev naus laus zis tsis txawv ntau ntawm cov lithography lithography, nws yog tib yam kev ua raws li kev luam ntawv tiaj tus. Cov ntawv luam tawm ntawm daim ntawv ntawm txhua xim yog ua raws li nruj raws li lub teeb tones mus rau tsaus.
Lub pob zeb lithographic cais tau npaj rau txhua xim. Txhua xim yog luam tawm ntawm ib daim ntawv. Hauv kev cob qhia luam ntawv, tus kws kos duab yog lub luag haujlwm tsim thiab siv cov duab kos rau daim ntawv, cov tub ntxhais kawm tau koom nrog kev ua cov pob zeb.
Ntau yam ntawm lithography
Nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb niaj hnub no, lithography yog cov txheej txheem rau kev tsim hluav taws xob circuits thiab cov duab nrog nanometer daws teeb meem ntawm cov khoom tshwj xeeb.
Muaj kho qhov muag, hluav taws xob thiab x-ray lithography. X-ray lithography yog cov txheej txheem niaj hnub uas lub teeb ntawm X-rays dhau los ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb dawb paug, uas nthuav tawm cov ntsiab lus me tshaj plaws ntawm cov qauv mus rau qhov tshwj xeeb substrate. Optical lithography yog siv thaum nws tsim nyog los hloov cov qauv hluav taws xob hauv hluav taws xob los ntawm cov qauv tshwj xeeb mus rau lub substrate ua los ntawmsemiconductor.
Hluav taws xob lithography yog txheej txheem uas lub teeb ci hluav taws xob tsom qhia cov ntsiab lus tsim nyog ntawm lub voj voog lossis qauv ntawm cov khoom tshwj xeeb photosensitive.
Autography yog dab tsi
Autography yog cov txheej txheem luam ntawv niaj hnub uas tus kws kos duab siv cov duab tsis yog lithographic pob zeb, tab sis rau daim ntawv hloov pauv tshwj xeeb. Los ntawm daim ntawv no, daim duab kos tau xa mus rau lub pob zeb. Artists txaus siab rau txoj kev lithography no. Lub ntsiab kom zoo dua ntawm autography yog muaj peev xwm ntawm sketch los ntawm lub neej. Los ntawm kev siv cov duab los ntawm cov ntawv hloov pauv, tus kws kos duab tuaj yeem ua kom pom cov duab meej yam tsis muaj qhov cuam tshuam ntawm specularity.
Lithography hauv lub ntiaj teb niaj hnub no
Nyob rau hauv ib puas xyoo dhau los, lithography tau siv los ua paintings, luam tawm dub-thiab-dawb prints rau muag, thiab ua geographic maps. Cov txheej txheem lithography tau siv los luam cov duab hauv phau ntawv thiab cov txheej txheem sau.
Ua ib hom kev rov ua dua cov duab, lithography tau dav siv niaj hnub no. Txoj kev luam ntawv no, uas yooj yim rau kev ua, yog siv los ntawm cov kws ua yeeb yam niaj hnub los tsim cov duab dub thiab dawb. Cov duab nraaj tsim nyog rau kev piav qhia txog cov ntaub ntawv txheej txheem, phau ntawv tshwj xeeb, daim ntawv qhia thiab cov ntawv xov xwm. Txawm li cas los xij, cov ntawv luam ntawv tsis tas yuav tsim kom muaj lithograph. Hauv kev lag luam nanotechnology, niaj hnub ntau yam ntawm cov duab, hluav taws xob thiab kho qhov muag lithography tau dav siv. Qhov projectionLithography siv cov hluav taws xob laser yog dav siv los tsim kho qhov muag kho qhov muag thev naus laus zis txhawm rau txhim kho cov khoom siv metrological nrog nws cov lus qhia ntxiv rau hauv kev tsim khoom.
