Long-focal lens: nta, yam ntxwv, qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo

Cov txheej txheem:

Long-focal lens: nta, yam ntxwv, qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo
Long-focal lens: nta, yam ntxwv, qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo
Anonim

Lub lens ntev focal ntev yog lub cuab yeej zoo uas tso cai rau koj kom tau txais kev txhaj tshuaj zoo qhov twg lwm lub lo ntsiab muag tsuas yog tsis muaj zog. Dab tsi yog nws cov yam ntxwv, qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo? Cia peb kawm saib.

Qhov no yog dab tsi?

Ib lub lens ntev yog ib qho khoom siv rau lub koob yees duab uas nws qhov focal ntev ntau dua li kab pheeb ces kaum ntawm tus ncej. Hauv qhov no, lub kaum sab xis ntawm qhov pom tuaj yeem yog los ntawm 10 ° txog 39 °. Lub hom phiaj ntawm lo ntsiab muag nrog qhov ntev focal ntev yog tua cov khoom nyob deb, vim tias lawv tuaj yeem nqa cov ntsiab lus los ze zog thiab pom qhov loj ntawm daim duab. Lawv yog ib qho tseem ceeb yog tias tus kws yees duab tsis muaj lub sijhawm los ze rau qhov kev kawm, tab sis koj yuav tsum tau thaij duab rau ntawm qhov loj, tsom mus rau qhov me me lossis ze.

Kev nthuav dav ntawm cov ntsiab lus yuav pom tau ntau dua, qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov ntev ntawm qhov focal ntev ntawm tus qauv thiab cov duab telephoto lo ntsiab muag, thiab qhov kev xav ntawm daim duab yuav zoo li compressed ntau dua. Qhov ntawd yog, qhov deb ntawm cov khoom nyob deb yuav zoo li tsawg dua.

canon telephoto lens
canon telephoto lens

siv rau dab tsi?

Kev tua nrog lub lens telephoto yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev yees duab rau cov tsiaj loj thiab me. Lwm thaj chaw ntawm kev thov ntawm xws li ib tug ntaus ntawv yog portrait photography, tab sis nws muaj nws tus yam ntxwv. Yog li ntawd lub ntsej muag ntawm lub ntsej muag tsis txawv txav hauv daim duab, tus kws yees duab yuav tsum tau tua los ntawm qhov deb txaus (1.5-2 m). Wide-angle thiab standard lo ntsiab muag tsim cov duab me me thaum tua los ntawm qhov deb.

First Feature

Dab tsi yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub ntsej muag ntev ntev?

Ua ntej, nws nthuav cov duab. Piv txwv li, ib qho optic nrog lub focal ntev ntawm 200 millimeters yuav luag plaub npaug ntawm focal ntev ntawm tus qauv lens (50 mm). Raws li, daim duab nplai yuav loj dua plaub zaug. Los ntawm qhov no nws ua raws li qhov koj tuaj yeem paub qhov kev nthuav dav los ntawm kev faib lub focal ntev los ntawm 50. Piv txwv li, lub Soviet ntev-focus lens MTO-1000A muaj ib tug focal ntev yuav luag 1100 hli, feem, qhov magnification yog 22.

Kev muaj peev xwm los ze rau qhov kev kawm yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov lo ntsiab muag zoo li no rau cov kws yees duab, vim tias qhov no yog tib txoj hauv kev los ua kom zoo nkauj txhaj tshuaj ntawm cov tsiaj qus lossis lwm yam khoom uas vim qee yam tsis tuaj yeem mus txog.

Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no txhais tau tias yog ib qho ntawm cov teeb meem tseem ceeb ntawm xws li optics - loj. "Powerful" lo ntsiab muag nrog kev nthuav dav yog hnyav thiab loj, lawv yuav luag siv tsis tau yam tsis muaj kev txhawb nqa zoo. Nws feem ntauua hauj lwm ua lub tripod.

canon telephoto lo ntsiab muag
canon telephoto lo ntsiab muag

Lwm qhov tsis zoo uas yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account yog qhov ntev-ntim optics ua kom pom txhua qhov tsis txaus los ntawm qhov zoo ntawm lub lens nws tus kheej thiab lub koob yees duab vibrations. Nws yog yuav luag tsis yooj yim sua kom zam nrog ib tug loj luj ntawm lub ntaus ntawv. Vim li no, ntau lub koob yees duab telephoto tsis tuaj yeem phim qhov ntse ntawm cov lo ntsiab muag, tab sis kim dua li yav tas los.

Second Feature

Lwm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsom mus rau qhov ntev, uas cov kws yees duab nyiam nws heev, yog lub peev xwm los qhia cov ntsiab lus tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau, uas yog, qhov muag plooj zoo nkauj. Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb heev yog tias, piv txwv li, tus tsiaj sawv tawm tsam keeb kwm ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Dab tsi ua rau muaj qhov tsis zoo tom qab qhov muag plooj? Qhov tseeb yog tias lub lens telephoto muaj lub kaum sab xis me me (piv txwv li, rau cov khoom siv nrog lub focal ntev ntawm 400 mm, qhov no tsuas yog 5 °), thiab qhov tob ntawm daim teb yog tsawg dua li cov qauv qauv. Yog li, yog tias lub aperture qhib tag nrho, ces qhov tob ntawm qhov chaw yog qhov nqaim, yog li txhua yam tab sis cov ntsiab lus nws tus kheej yog tsom.

Third feature

Muaj lwm qhov tshwj xeeb uas tseem cuam tshuam nrog qhov tob tob ntawm thaj teb. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb thaum thaij duab fauna. Cov khoom, ob qho tib si tom qab thiab pem hauv ntej, yuav tsis pom tseeb thiab tsis pom tseeb. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias ntau yam nroj tsuag zoo, uas yuav pom meej meej hauv daim duab nrog lub lens txheem, yuav ua rau pom tsis pom hauv daim duab nrog.telephoto optics.

telephoto lens
telephoto lens

Kev tsis sib haum

Aberrations yog cov duab sib txawv los ntawm tus qauv. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ntev-ntim lo ntsiab muag, peb tab tom tham txog ib yam ntawm aberration - distortion, uas yog, curvature ntawm geometry. Qhov no txhais tau tias cov nplai ntawm daim duab yuav hloov ntawm qhov chaw mus rau cov npoo. Cov kab ncaj tuaj yeem ua bulging lossis zoo li cov npoo ntawm daim duab, qhov no yog qhov hu ua chim distortion. Yog hais tias cov kab ua concave thiab nyiam mus rau qhov chaw, ces qhov no yog pincushion distortion.

Qee zaum, chromatic aberration kuj tshwm sim, uas zoo nkaus li cov xim xim ntawm cov khoom. Qhov no tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm tom qab tua, siv cov duab kho kom raug. Cov txheej txheem yuav yooj yim dua yog tias tus kws yees duab tua hauv RAW hom.

Soviet telephoto lo ntsiab muag
Soviet telephoto lo ntsiab muag

Shooting genres

Cia peb saib kom ze ntawm kev siv cov lo ntsiab muag telephoto.

  1. kis las kis las. Cov kws yees duab hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, raws li txoj cai, raug cuam tshuam los ntawm laj kab, thiab qhov kev ncua deb mus rau qhov kev kawm yog qhov loj heev. Lub "telephoto" nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no tsuas yog indispensable, tab sis nws yog tsim nyog nco ntsoov tias cov duab yog heev yooj yim rau "blur", yog li koj yuav tsum tau teem lub shutter ceev rau 1/1000 thib ob thiab siv ib tug monopod los yog tripod.
  2. Architecture. Nws tsis yog ib qho teeb meem los tshuaj xyuas thiab ntes tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov no los yog lub tsev architectural yog tias muaj qhov ntev-ntim optics. Yog tias nrog tus qauv lens los ntawm qhov deb koj tuaj yeem tuatsuas yog ib txoj kev npaj dav dav, ces tus "telephoto" yuav hais txog qhov nthuav dav ntawm kev txaus siab.
  3. Laj teb. Cov qauv lo ntsiab muag tuaj yeem ua tsis yooj yim hauv kev yees duab toj roob hauv pes vim lawv muab qhov dav dav dav. Lub tsom iav ntev yuav "ncig" lub roob siab, ib qho dej tsaws tsag seething thiab lwm yam khoom uas nyob deb txaus.
tua nrog lub lens ntev
tua nrog lub lens ntev

Rau Nikon

Ib qho piv txwv ntawm tus qauv Nikon nrov telephoto lens qauv yog Nikon 70-200mm f/4G ED VR AF-S. Cov kws yees duab hu nws yog ib qho ntawm cov lo ntsiab muag zoo tshaj plaws hauv ntau qhov kev hwm, uas, txawm li cas los xij, tsis suav nrog tus nqi. Tam sim no, nws qhov tsawg kawg nkaus pib yog 90 txhiab rubles.

Qhov no yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws telephoto optic nrog aperture ruaj khov ntawm 4. Nws qhov txiaj ntsig loj yog qhov ntse ntawm daim duab. Ntawd yog, kev txhaj tshuaj coj los ntawm nws tsis yog qis dua hauv kev ua kom zoo rau cov qauv lo ntsiab muag nrog cov tsis zoo sib xws. Piv rau nws cov "cov kwv tij", nws muaj qhov hnyav me me, thiab ob peb tus neeg sawv cev ntawm hom optics tuaj yeem khav ntawm qhov no. Muaj cov duab stabilizer zoo heev thiab tsom mus ntsiag to.

Ntau qhov kev xaiv peev nyiaj - Nikon 70-200mm f/2.8G ED-IF AF-S VR.

telephoto lens
telephoto lens

Rau Canon

Ib qho piv txwv ntawm Canon lub telephoto lens feem ntau yog Canon EF 70-200mm f/2.8L IS II USM. Lub koob yees duab telephoto no hnyav heev, hnyav 1.5 kg, uas cuam tshuam rau lub cev ntawm tus kws yees duab thaum lub sijhawm tua ntev. Nws yuav tsis haum rau txhua lub hnab, yog li koj yuav tsum tau los yogkhaws nws lub hom phiaj, lossis hnav lub koob yees duab hauv koj txhais tes lossis ncig koj caj dab.

Tus nqi qis dua tam sim no yog 125 txhiab rubles.

Qhov zoo tshaj plaws optics no muaj ob hom stabilizer, yuav luag ntsiag to thiab ceev heev autofocus. Nws txoj kev tiv thaiv yog siab heev, yog li tus kws yees duab muaj peev xwm thaij duab hauv huab cua phem xws li daus thiab nag. Muaj cov chromatic aberrations hauv daim duab, tab sis lawv nyob rau theem qis, tab sis vignetting yuav tshwm sim ntawm qhov qhib aperture, uas tuaj yeem ua rau lub thav duab me ntsis. Qhov no Canon telephoto lens los nrog ib tug tripod ceg.

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