Thyristors yog lub hwj chim hluav taws xob cov yuam sij uas tsis tswj tau tag nrho. Feem ntau hauv cov ntawv qhia kev koj tuaj yeem pom lwm lub npe rau cov cuab yeej no - ib qho kev ua haujlwm thyristor. Hauv lwm lo lus, nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub teeb liab tswj, nws raug xa mus rau ib lub xeev - ua. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog, nws suav nrog lub voj voog. Txhawm rau tua nws, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los tsim cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb uas ua kom ntseeg tau tias tam sim no ncaj qha hauv Circuit Court poob mus rau xoom.
Txoj kev ntawm thyristors
Thyristor cov yuam sij ua hluav taws xob tam sim no tsuas yog nyob rau hauv kev taw qhia, thiab hauv lub xeev kaw nws tuaj yeem tiv tsis tau rau pem hauv ntej, tab sis kuj rov qab voltage. Cov qauv ntawm thyristor yog plaub-txheej, muaj peb qhov tso zis:
- Anode (tus sau los ntawm tsab ntawv A).
- Cathode (ntawv C lossis K).
- Control electrode (U lossis G).
Thyristors muaj tag nrho tsev neeg ntawm cov yam ntxwv tam sim no-voltage, lawv tuaj yeem siv los txiav txim lub xeev ntawm lub caij. Thyristors yog cov yuam sij hluav taws xob muaj zog heev, lawv muaj peev xwm hloov cov hluav taws xob hauv qhov hluav taws xob tuaj yeem ncav cuag 5000 volts thiab lub zog tam sim no - 5000 amperes (thaum lub zaus tsis tshaj 1000 Hz).
Thyristor ua haujlwm hauvDC circuits
Ib tus qauv thyristor tau qhib los ntawm kev siv lub mem tes tam sim no rau cov khoom tso tawm. Ntxiv mus, nws yuav tsum yog qhov zoo (nrog rau cov cathode). Lub sijhawm ntawm cov txheej txheem ib ntus yog nyob ntawm qhov xwm txheej ntawm qhov load (inductive, nquag), lub amplitude thiab tus nqi ntawm kev nce hauv lub tam sim no mem tes tswj Circuit Court, qhov kub ntawm lub semiconductor siv lead ua, nrog rau cov ntaub ntawv tam sim no thiab voltage rau thyristors. muaj nyob rau hauv Circuit Court. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm Circuit Court ncaj qha nyob ntawm seb hom semiconductor siv.
Nyob rau hauv lub voj voog uas lub thyristor nyob, qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov siab ntawm qhov hluav taws xob nce siab yog qhov tsis tsim nyog. Namely, xws li ib tug nqi ntawm lub caij spontaneously tig rau (txawm hais tias tsis muaj teeb liab nyob rau hauv lub tswj Circuit Court). Tab sis tib lub sijhawm, lub teeb liab tswj yuav tsum muaj txoj kab nqes siab heev.
Txoj kev tig tawm
Ob hom thyristor hloov tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv:
- Natural.
- Kev.
Thiab tam sim no hauv kev nthuav dav ntxiv txog txhua hom. Ntuj tshwm sim thaum lub thyristor ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ib tug alternating tam sim no circuits. Ntxiv mus, qhov kev hloov no tshwm sim thaum tam sim no poob rau xoom. Tab sis los siv yuam kev hloov pauv tuaj yeem yog ntau txoj hauv kev sib txawv. Qhov twg thyristor tswj xaiv yog nyob ntawm tus tsim Circuit Court, tab sis nws tsim nyog tham txog txhua hom sib cais.
Txoj kev zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev yuam kev hloov pauv yog txuaslub capacitor uas tau them ua ntej siv lub pob (tus yuam sij). LC Circuit Court muaj nyob rau hauv thyristor tswj Circuit Court. Qhov no Circuit Court muaj ib tug tag nrho charged capacitor. Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua, tam sim no hloov pauv hauv lub voj voog thauj khoom.
Txoj kev yuam kev hloov
Muaj ob peb lwm hom kev yuam kev hloov. Feem ntau siv ib lub voj voog uas siv lub tshuab hluav taws xob hloov pauv nrog rov qab polarity. Piv txwv li, lub capacitor no tuaj yeem txuas rau hauv Circuit Court siv qee yam kev pabcuam thyristor. Hauv qhov no, qhov tso tawm yuav tshwm sim ntawm lub ntsiab (ua haujlwm) thyristor. Qhov no yuav ua rau lub fact tias nyob rau hauv lub capacitor, lub tam sim no coj mus rau lub ncaj tam sim no ntawm lub ntsiab thyristor yuav pab kom txo tau qhov tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub Circuit Court mus rau xoom. Yog li ntawd, thyristor yuav tua. Qhov no tshwm sim vim li cas lub thyristor ntaus ntawv muaj nws tus kheej yam ntxwv uas yog yam ntxwv rau nws xwb.
Tseem muaj cov txheej txheem uas LC chains txuas nrog. Lawv raug tso tawm (thiab nrog kev hloov pauv). Thaum pib, qhov tso tawm tam sim no ntws mus rau tus neeg ua haujlwm, thiab tom qab sib npaug ntawm lawv cov txiaj ntsig, thyristor raug tua. Tom qab ntawd, los ntawm cov saw hlau oscillatory, tam sim no ntws los ntawm thyristor mus rau hauv ib qho semiconductor diode. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, thaum tam sim no ntws, ib tug tej yam voltage yog siv rau lub thyristor. Nws yog modulo sib npaug rau qhov voltage poob hla lub diode.
Thyristor ua haujlwm hauv AC circuits
Yog tias lub thyristor suav nrog hauv AC Circuit Court, nws muaj peev xwm ua tau li ntawdkev ua haujlwm:
- Tig lossis tawm hluav taws xob hluav taws xob nrog lub zog-tiv taus lossis tiv taus.
- Hloov qhov nruab nrab thiab qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm qhov tam sim no uas dhau los ntawm kev thauj khoom, ua tsaug rau lub peev xwm los kho lub sijhawm ntawm kev tswj lub teeb liab.
Thyristor cov yuam sij muaj ib qho tshwj xeeb - lawv ua tam sim no hauv ib qho kev taw qhia xwb. Yog li ntawd, yog tias koj xav siv lawv hauv AC circuits, koj yuav tsum siv cov kev sib txuas rov qab. Qhov txiaj ntsig zoo thiab qhov nruab nrab tam sim no tuaj yeem hloov pauv vim qhov tseeb tias lub sijhawm lub teeb liab siv rau thyristors txawv. Hauv qhov no, lub zog thyristor yuav tsum ua tau raws li qhov xav tau yam tsawg kawg nkaus.
Phase tswj txoj kev
Nyob rau hauv txoj kev yuam-hom theem tswj txoj kev, lub load yog kho los ntawm kev hloov lub kaum sab xis ntawm theem. Kev hloov hluav taws xob tuaj yeem ua tau los ntawm kev siv tshwj xeeb circuits, lossis nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau siv tag nrho cov tswj (lockable) thyristors. Raws li lawv lub hauv paus, raws li txoj cai, lub thyristor charger yog tsim, uas tso cai rau koj los kho lub zog tam sim no nyob ntawm theem ntawm tus nqi ntawm lub roj teeb.
Pulse width control
Lawv kuj hu ua PWM modulation. Thaum lub sij hawm qhib lub thyristors, ib tug tswj teeb liab yog muab. Cov junctions qhib thiab muaj qee qhov hluav taws xob thoob plaws lub nra. Thaum lub sij hawm kaw (thaum lub sij hawm tag nrho cov txheej txheem ib ntus) tsis muaj kev tswj lub teeb liab, yog li ntawd, thyristors tsis ua tam sim no. Thaum sivtheem tswj tam sim no nkhaus tsis yog sinusoidal, muaj kev hloov nyob rau hauv lub waveform ntawm cov khoom voltage. Yog li ntawd, kuj tseem muaj kev ua txhaum ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov neeg siv khoom uas nkag siab zoo rau kev cuam tshuam ntau zaus (kev tsis sib haum xeeb tshwm sim). Lub thyristor regulator muaj ib qho yooj yim tsim, uas yuav tso cai rau koj hloov tus nqi yuav tsum tau yam tsis muaj teeb meem. Thiab koj tsis tas yuav siv LATRs loj heev.
Thyristors lockable
Thyristors yog cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob muaj zog heev siv los hloov cov hluav taws xob siab thiab tam sim no. Tab sis lawv muaj ib tug loj drawback - kev tswj tsis tiav. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog, qhov no tau tshwm sim los ntawm qhov tseeb tias txhawm rau tua lub thyristor, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los tsim cov xwm txheej raws li qhov ncaj qha tam sim no yuav txo qis rau xoom.
Nws yog qhov tshwj xeeb no uas txwv qee qhov kev txwv ntawm kev siv cov thyristors, thiab tseem cuam tshuam cov circuits raws li lawv. Txhawm rau tshem tawm cov kev tsis txaus siab no, kev tsim tshwj xeeb ntawm thyristors tau tsim, uas raug kaw los ntawm lub teeb liab ntawm ib qho kev tswj electrode. Lawv hu ua dual-operation, los yog lockable, thyristors.
Lockable thyristor tsim
Plaub-txheej p-p-p-p qauv ntawm thyristors muaj nws tus yam ntxwv. Lawv ua rau lawv txawv ntawm cov pa thyristors. Tam sim no peb tab tom tham txog tag nrho controllability ntawm lub caij. Cov yam ntxwv tam sim no-voltage (static) nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia pem hauv ntej yog tib yam li cov thyristors yooj yim. Qhov ntawd tsuas yog thyristor ncaj qha tam sim no tuaj yeem dhau tus nqi ntau dua. Tab siskev ua haujlwm ntawm thaiv qhov rov qab voltages loj rau lockable thyristors tsis muab. Yog li ntawd, nws yog tsim nyog los txuas nws rov qab-rau-rov qab nrog ib tug semiconductor diode.
Tus yam ntxwv ntawm lub thyristor lockable yog ib qho tseem ceeb poob rau pem hauv ntej voltages. Txhawm rau kom kaw, lub zog tam sim no mem tes (tsis zoo, hauv qhov piv ntawm 1: 5 rau tus nqi ncaj qha tam sim no) yuav tsum tau siv rau kev tswj cov zis. Tab sis tsuas yog lub sijhawm mem tes yuav tsum luv li sai tau - 10 … 100 μs. Lockable thyristors muaj qhov txo qis voltage thiab tam sim no dua li cov pa. Qhov txawv yog kwv yees li 25-30%.
Types of thyristors
Cov khoom xauv tau tau tham saum toj no, tab sis muaj ntau ntau hom semiconductor thyristors uas tseem tsim nyog hais txog. Ntau hom kev tsim (cov chargers, keyboards, fais fab regulators) siv qee hom thyristors. Qee qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom tswj tau los ntawm kev muab cov kwj ntawm lub teeb, uas txhais tau hais tias siv optothyristor. Nws peculiarity nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb hais tias cov tswj Circuit Court siv ib tug semiconductor siv lead ua uas yog rhiab heev rau lub teeb. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm thyristors txawv, txhua tus muaj lawv tus kheej cov yam ntxwv, cov yam ntxwv tsuas yog rau lawv. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog, tsawg kawg hauv cov ntsiab lus dav dav, kom nkag siab tias hom semiconductors muaj nyob thiab qhov twg lawv tuaj yeem siv tau. Yog li, ntawm no yog tag nrho cov npe thiab cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm txhua hom:
- Diode-thyristor. Qhov sib npaug ntawm cov khoom no yog lub thyristor, uas nws txuas nrog hauv kev sib pivsemiconductor diode.
- Dinistor (diode thyristor). Nws tuaj yeem dhau los ua qhov hluav taws xob tag nrho yog tias muaj qee qhov voltage siab tshaj.
- Triac (symmetric thyristor). Nws qhov sib npaug yog ob lub thyristors txuas nrog rau kev sib piv.
- Lub siab ceev inverter thyristor muaj qhov hloov pauv siab (5… 50 µs).
- Teb transistor tswj thyristors. Koj tuaj yeem pom cov qauv tsim raws li MOSFETs.
- Optical thyristors tswj los ntawm lub teeb fluxes.
Ua raws kev tiv thaiv
Thyristors yog cov khoom siv uas tseem ceeb rau kev txo qis ntawm kev xa mus rau tam sim no thiab rau pem hauv ntej. Lawv, zoo li semiconductor diodes, yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov tshwm sim xws li cov dej ntws rov qab rov qab, uas sai heev thiab poob qis rau xoom, yog li ua rau muaj qhov tshwm sim ntawm overvoltage. Qhov overvoltage no yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov tseeb tias tam sim no nres tam sim no hauv txhua lub ntsiab lus hauv Circuit Court uas muaj inductance (txawm tias ultra-low inductances raug rau kev teeb tsa - xov hlau, board lem). Txhawm rau siv kev tiv thaiv, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau siv ntau cov tswv yim uas tso cai rau koj los tiv thaiv koj tus kheej los ntawm cov hluav taws xob siab thiab cov tam sim no hauv cov kev ua haujlwm dynamic.
Raws li txoj cai, qhov inductive tsis kam ntawm qhov hluav taws xob uas nkag mus rau hauv lub voj voog ntawm kev ua haujlwm thyristor muaj qhov muaj txiaj ntsig uas nws muaj ntau tshaj li qhov txaus kom tsis suav nrog qee qhov ntxiv.inductance. Vim li no, nyob rau hauv kev xyaum, ib tug switching txoj kev tsim saw yog siv ntau dua, uas ho txo qhov ceev thiab theem ntawm overvoltage nyob rau hauv lub Circuit Court thaum lub thyristor yog muab tua. Capacitive-resistive circuits feem ntau yog siv rau lub hom phiaj no. Lawv txuas nrog thyristor nyob rau hauv parallel. Muaj ob peb hom kev hloov pauv ntawm cov circuits xws li cov txheej txheem rau lawv cov kev suav, tsis ua haujlwm ntawm thyristors hauv ntau hom thiab cov xwm txheej. Tab sis lub voj voog rau kev tsim cov kev hloov pauv ntawm lub lockable thyristor yuav zoo ib yam li cov transistors.
