Cia peb nco koj txog cov xov xwm tseem ceeb: txij lub Ib Hlis 1, 2019, cov xov tooj cua digital yuav pib ua haujlwm hauv thaj chaw es tsis txhob siv analog. Nov yog ib hom ntawv tshiab, uas peb yuav tham txog ntau yam ntxiv hauv kab lus. Peb yuav qhia nws qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo. Cia peb xav seb yuav hloov mus rau TV digital li cas, nws yuav raug nqi npaum li cas rau Russians.
Qhov no yog dab tsi?
Digital TV yog lub thev naus laus zis rau kev xa xov tooj cua hauv TV thiab cov duab los ntawm kev nkag mus rau cov suab thiab video teeb liab uas siv cov teeb liab digital. Raws li rau lub hauv paus rau niaj hnub TV, nws yog MPEG (ib tug ntawm cov ntaub ntawv compression qauv).
Cia peb kos ib qho piv txwv nrog analog TV. Ib channel ntawm no occupies ib zaus. Raws li rau digital TV, tag nrho cov pob ntawm cov xov tooj cua hauv TV tau kis ntawm no los ntawm ntau zaus. Nws lub npe nrov dua yog multiplex.
Lub teeb liab digital tsis ntshai kev cuam tshuam ntawm huab cua. Ib qho kev txaus siab ntxiv yog tias nwstso cai rau koj los txuas cov kev pabcuam ntxiv rau cov neeg saib - teletext, pov npav thaum lub sijhawm tshaj tawm, thiab lwm yam. Qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb ntawm digital cable TV yog tias qee zaum nws yuav tsum tau yuav khoom siv ntxiv rau nws txoj haujlwm.
Qee cov txheeb cais: TV digital yog ib hom ntawv uas them 90% ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv Lavxias thaum Lub Kaum Hli 2018. Niaj hnub no, tsawg dua 10% ntawm cov pej xeem saib TV hauv cov qauv analog tsis dhau.
txiaj ntsig
TV twg zoo dua - digital lossis analog? Peb muab qhov sib piv me me. Qhov pom tau zoo ntawm cov TV digital tshaj li cov qauv qub yog raws li hauv qab no:
- Kev tiv thaiv suab nrov ntxiv rau ob qho tib si kaw thiab xa xov tooj cua hauv TV.
- Txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm cov duab thiab suab hauv TV txais.
- Txo lub zog xa hluav taws xob.
- Kev nce ntau hauv TV channel kom xa mus rau tib qhov ntau zaus.
- Tsim cov tshuab TV tshiab uas siv cov cuab yeej tshiab duab decomposition, uas yog, HD raws nrog cov duab siab.
- Tsim kev sib tham sib tham hauv TV. Tus saib yuav muaj lub sijhawm los cuam tshuam cov ntaub ntawv xa mus. Piv txwv li, nws tuaj yeem saib qhov no lossis daim vis dis aus ntawm nws qhov kev thov.
- Rewind muaj nuj nqi. Yog tias tus neeg saib tsis muaj sijhawm rau qhov pib ntawm qhov kev sib tw uas tau tos ntev, nws muaj lub sijhawm los rov thim rov qab TV program rau nws qhov pib.
- Archive. Koj tuaj yeem saib koj cov yeeb yam uas koj nyiammuab tso rau hauv ib daim nplaub tshev tshwj xeeb kom koj rov qab mus saib lawv tom qab.
- Record. Tus neeg saib kuj tseem yuav muaj sijhawm los sau cov kev pabcuam thiab cov yeeb yaj kiab.
- Nws yuav muaj peev xwm xa cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv hauv TV teeb liab. Piv txwv li, ib qho kev pab cuam TV hluav taws xob.
- Muaj peev xwm hloov ntawm ntau lub suab. Vim li cas thiaj yooj yim? Koj yuav muaj sijhawm los saib cov yeeb yaj kiab dubbed ua ntau hom lus, piv txwv li, ua lus Lavxias lossis lus Askiv qub.
- Muaj peev xwm ntxiv xov tooj cua rau multiplexes.
- Kev nthuav dav tseem ceeb ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm cov khoom siv studio.
Flaws
Hnub no, ib feem ntawm cov neeg saib TV hauv Lavxias tau tuaj yeem paub txog qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm cov TV digital tshiab. Cov neeg siv tau txheeb xyuas nws qhov tsis txaus ntseeg:
- Fading thiab tawg ntawm cov duab mus rau hauv cais pixels squares. Daim duab tawg mus rau hauv ib qho xim pixels nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm theem tsis txaus ntawm lub teeb liab tau txais los ntawm TV receiver. Muaj ob txoj kev xaiv: cov ntaub ntawv tau txais los ntawm qhov tsis txaus rau cov txheej txheem rov ua haujlwm ua haujlwm (thaum pom cov duab tawg), lossis nws tau txais qhov phem heev uas tsis muaj peev xwm rov qab tau txhua.
- Nyob hauv nag xob nag cua, muaj qhov yuav luag tiav ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov screen.
- Ib tus qauv xa tawm nrog lub zog ntawm 10 kW thiab qhov siab tshaj 350 meters ntawm cov kav hlau txais xov xa tuaj tuaj yeem muab cov teeb liab tau txais txiaj ntsig ntawm qhov deb ntawm tsuas yog 50 km. ATPiv rau analog TV, qhov no yog lub sijhawm tsawg dua. Yog li ntawd, yuav tsum tau tsim cov chaw sib kis ntxiv.
Keeb kwm ntawm digital TV hauv Russia
Cia ua raws li kev tsim kho tshiab TV thev naus laus zis hauv tebchaws Russia:
- 1999 Lavxias Ministry of Communications tau txais "Lub Tswv Yim rau kev hloov pauv los ntawm analogue mus rau kev tshaj tawm hauv xov tooj cua".
- 2004. Ib tsab cai lij choj ntawm tsoomfwv Lavxias tau kos npe rau kev hloov pauv ntawm Lavxias TV mus rau DVB-T hom los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm 2015.
- 2008. Thawj TVs nrog DVB-T txhawb nqa tau tshwm sim hauv Russia. Tab sis qhov nyuaj yog tias cov built-in receivers txhawb nqa tsuas yog MPEG-2, thaum lub sij hawm sim ua haujlwm ntawm DVB-T xav tias tshaj tawm hauv MPEG-4 hom. Yog li ntawd, ntau tus tau ntsib teeb meem: TV pom ib channel, ua suab nrov, tab sis tsis muaj duab ntawm lub vijtsam. CAM modules tau tshaj tawm los kho qhov xwm txheej. Tab sis lawv qhov kev sim tau pom tias lawv pab qee zaus.
- 2010 xyoo. Lavxias teb sab TV thiab Xov tooj cua Network (RTRS) tau pib tsim kev tsim kho cov xov tooj cua hauv av hauv cov qauv DVB-T. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, thawj cov digital sensors tau ua tiav kev sim hauv Far East. Nyob rau hauv 2012, thawj 9 channels los ntawm Thawj Multiplex tau launched nyob rau hauv ib qho ntawm cov nyob deb nroog nyob deb nroog ntawm Khabarovsk Territory.
- 2012 xyoo. On-air test digital broadcasting tau pauv mus rau DVB-T2 hom. Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo, thawj multiplex hauv DVB-T hom ntawv txuas ntxiv mus tshaj tawm. Cov tuam txhab ntiag tug muab kev pabcuam them nyiaj hauv kev tshaj tawm digital TV hauv DVB-T tau pib ua haujlwm. Txawm li cas los xij, los ntawm qhov noxyoo digital TV hauv Russia tsuas yog hauv DVB-T2 hom.
- Nkauj kho siab 2019. Ua tiav kaw ntawm analog tshaj tawm hauv Lavxias Federation, hloov mus rau digital. Raws li kev npaj ua ntej, qhov no yuav tsum tau tshwm sim ua ntej me ntsis - thaum Lub Rau Hli 2018.
Koj yuav tsum hloov pauv dab tsi?
Lo lus nug no ua rau muaj kev sib cav ntau. Ntau tus neeg ntseeg tias lub thawv teeb tsa saum toj kawg nkaus yog qhov yuav tsum muaj rau digital TV. Tab sis tsis yog.
Tau phau ntawv siv rau koj lub TV. Cov khoom siv niaj hnub no feem ntau txhawb nqa digital TV los ntawm lub neej ntawd. Yuav txhais li cas? Cov yam ntxwv ntawm TV yuav tsum muaj xws li hauv qab no:
- txhawb DVB-T2 tus qauv;
- MPEG video hom kev txhawb nqa.
Kev daws teeb meem
Yog tias koj lub TV ua tau raws li cov cai no, koj tsis tas yuav yuav ib yam dab tsi ntxiv. Txwv tsis pub, muaj ob txoj kev daws teeb meem:
- Kev yuav lub TV digital tshiab (tus nqi ntawm cov qauv siv nyiaj ntau tshaj plaws hauv khw hnub no pib ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntawm 5 txhiab rubles).
- Kev yuav khoom ntawm lub thawv digital teeb tsa (lwm yam lawv hu ua tuners, decoders). Cov cuab yeej no txuas nrog lub TV. Tus nqi ntawm xws li decoders pib los ntawm 700 rubles.
Yuav teeb tsa digital TV hauv TV li cas? Nrog cov neeg txais TV digital, txhua yam yog qhov tseeb - koj tsuas yog xav tau txuas lub kav hlau txais xov rau koj lub TV thiab txaus siab saib koj cov channel nyiam.
Rau lub tuner, koj yuav tsum xub txuas nws. Tab siscov txheej txheem no tsis yog qhov nyuaj - feem ntau cov lus qhia ntxaws ntxaws tau txuas nrog rau lub cuab yeej. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog ua raws li nws raws nraim thiab tsis sib tov rau txoj cai cables.
Xaiv tus tuner zoo
Nco ntsoov tias lub TV digital yog TV hom uas, qee zaum, nws yuav tsum tau yuav lub thawv tshwj xeeb. Tab sis tsuas yog rau TV qub xwb.
Koj tuaj yeem xaiv lub tuner rau txhua qhov saj thiab xim, tab sis qhov tseem ceeb yog nws ua tau raws li qhov xav tau yam tsawg kawg nkaus hauv qab no:
- Txhawb DVB-T2 tus qauv. Thiab qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb heev, txij li muaj ntau yam khoom siv ntawm kev muag khoom uas txhawb nqa lub npe zoo sib xws DVB-T hom. Qhov txawv yog dab tsi? Hom ntawv no, zoo li DVB-T2, kuj txhais tau tias kev txhawb nqa rau digital TV. Tab sis hnub no nws twb dhau lawm. Li no, muaj qhov tshwm sim siab uas nws yuav tsis ntev yuav raug tso tseg. Yog li ntawd, koj yuav tsum tam sim yuav lub tuner nrog DVB-T2 kev txhawb nqa kom tsis txhob siv nyiaj ntxiv los yuav lub thawv tshiab teeb tsa hauv kev txuas nrog qhov hloov tshiab no.
- Txhawb MPEG4 video format.
Yuav ua li cas txuas lub thawv teeb saum toj rau lub TV?
Yog li, tus decoder twb tau yuav lawm. Cov lus nug tom ntej: Yuav teeb tsa TV digital li cas hauv TV?
Koj yuav tsum txuas lub npe ua ntej rau nws ua ntej. Muaj ob txoj hauv kev:
- Via RCA cable. Ntau lub npe hu ua "tulip", ua los ntawm ntau cov xim sib txuas.
- Via HDMI cable.
Dab tsiRaws li rau lub thawv ntim khoom, tsis muaj teeb meem nrog lawv hauv qhov no. Txawm tias feem ntau cov qauv siv nyiaj tau nruab nrog cov khoom sib txuas rau cables ntawm ob hom tau nthuav tawm.
Kev nyuaj yuav nyob nrog TV nws tus kheej. Qhov tseeb yog tias hauv cov qauv qub tsuas tuaj yeem muaj kev tawm tswv yim los ntawm SCART connector. Koj yuav tsis ua rau nws tsis meej pem nrog lwm tus - nws yog oblong thiab muaj 20 tus neeg sib cuag. Nws yooj yim kom tawm ntawm qhov xwm txheej: koj tsuas yog yuav tsum tau yuav lub adapter ntawm koj xaiv - SCART-RCA lossis SCART-HDMI.
Tuner - multimedia set-top box?
Vim li cas lub TV digital zoo dua? Qhov tseeb, thaum koj yuav ib lub tuner, koj kuj yuav ib lub thawv multimedia set-top. Ntau tus encoders muaj USB connector. Los ntawm nws, koj tuaj yeem yooj yim txuas lub hard drive lossis flash drive rau lub cuab yeej. Qhov no txhais tau tias saib cov yeeb yaj kiab ua ntej rub tawm thiab suab paj nruag rub tawm rau lub tsav ntawm TV.
Tab sis muaj ib qho caveat. Yog tias koj xav siv lub tuner xws li multimedia teeb-saum lub thawv, xyuas seb nws puas txhawb Dolby Digital suab. Txwv tsis pub, qee cov yeeb yaj kiab yuav ua si tsis muaj suab.
Koj xav tau dab tsi ntxiv?
Ob lub TV niaj hnub thiab cov khoom siv nrog lub npov teeb tsa ntxiv tseem yuav xav tau UHF kav hlau txais xov. Raws li txoj cai, koj twb muaj nws hauv Tshuag (cov cuab yeej suav nrog TV).
Yog tias koj nyob hauv ib lub tsev, ces cov kav hlau txais xov hauv tsev uas twb muaj lawm yuav txaus nkag mus rau digital TV.
ntsiab lus tseem ceebrau cov neeg saib uas yuav tsum tau yuav lub thawv teeb saum toj kawg nkaus: ntsuas qhov ntsuas qhov chaw taws teeb uas suav nrog. Tseeb, yav tom ntej, koj tuaj yeem hloov cov channel thiab tswj qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov screen nkaus xwb nrog nws cov kev pab. Yog li ntawd, nws yuav tsum ua kom yooj yim rau koj: ua los ntawm cov khoom siv tiv thaiv, nrog loj, yooj yim-rau-nias khawm. Raws li rau TV cov chaw taws teeb tswj, qhov no, koj tsuas tuaj yeem tig lub cuab yeej rau / tawm nrog nws.
Nkauj tawm tshiab
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov TV digital yog cov channel dawb. Raws li rau Lavxias teb sab Federation, nws ua rau kev nkag siab los tham txog thawj multiplex. Thaj chaw TV digital ntawm no yog tag nrho lub tebchaws.
Thawj multiplex yog kaum ob channels dawb:
- "Thawj";
- "Russia-1";
- " kab lis kev cai ";
- "NTV";
- Russia-24;
- "TVC";
- "Match";
- "Fifth Channel";
- Russian Public TV;
- Nyob zoo ib tsoom phooj ywg.
Qhov kev sib tw thib ob yog tom ntej. Qhov ntawd yog qhov thib ob kaum qhov pub dawb. Lub cheeb tsam digital TV ntawm no tseem tsis tau yog tag nrho thaj chaw ntawm Lavxias Federation, tab sis cov cheeb tsam ntawm tus kheej. Tab sis qhov no yog qhov xwm txheej ib ntus. Thaum kawg ntawm 2018, qhov kev sib tw thib ob yuav muaj thoob plaws hauv Lavxias Federation.
Nws suav nrog cov tshooj TV hauv qab no:
- "Star";
- Ren-TV;
- "TNT";
- Muz-TV;
- "Friday";
- "Tsev";
- "STS";
- "Spas";
- "lub ntiaj teb";
- TV-3.
YogTsis ntev los no digital TV yuav npog tag nrho Lavxias teb sab Federation. Analog TV yuav yog ib yam ntawm yav dhau los. Cov TV niaj hnub no feem ntau txhawb nqa DVB-T hom, yog li lawv cov tswv tsuas yog yuav tsum tau yuav lub kav hlau txais xov. Tab sis yog tias koj muaj lub tshuab txais TV dhau los, koj tsis tuaj yeem ua yam tsis tau yuav lub tshuab txiav tawm, uas tuaj yeem dhau los ua lub thawv multimedia teeb tsa rau koj lub TV.
