Cov kab lus yuav xav txog TTL logic, uas tseem siv nyob rau hauv qee ceg ntawm kev siv tshuab. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho muaj ntau ntau hom logic: transistor-transistor (TTL), diode-transistor (DTL), raws li MOS transistors (CMOS), raws li zoo raws li bipolar transistors thiab CMOS. Thawj thawj microcircuits uas tau siv dav yog cov uas tau tsim los siv TTL thev naus laus zis. Tab sis lwm hom logic uas tseem siv hauv tshuab tsis tuaj yeem tsis quav ntsej.
Diode-transistor logic
Siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo tib yam, koj tuaj yeem tau txais cov ntsiab lus yooj yim tshaj plaws (daim duab qhia hauv qab). Lub caij no hauv logic hu ua "2I". Thaum xoom muaj peev xwm raug siv rau ib qho kev tawm tswv yim (los yog ob qho tib si ib zaug), ces cov hluav taws xob tam sim no yuav pib ntws los ntawm cov resistor. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, ib tug tseem ceeb voltage poob tshwm sim. Nws tuaj yeem xaus lus tias ntawm qhov tso zis ntawm lub caij lub peev xwm yuav sib npaugunit, yog hais tias qhov no yog raws nraim siv rau ob qho tib si inputs tib lub sij hawm. Hauv lwm lo lus, nrog kev pab los ntawm cov tswv yim zoo li no, kev ua haujlwm zoo "2AND" yog siv.
Tus naj npawb ntawm cov semiconductor diodes txiav txim siab seb muaj pes tsawg cov khoom siv hauv lub caij yuav muaj. Thaum siv ob lub semiconductors, lub "2I" Circuit Court yog siv, peb - "3I", thiab lwm yam. Nyob rau hauv niaj hnub microcircuits, ib lub caij nrog yim diodes ("8I") yog tsim. qhov tsis zoo ntawm DTL logic yog qhov me me ntawm lub peev xwm thauj khoom. Vim li no, lub amplifier bipolar transistor yuav tsum tau txuas nrog lub ntsiab lus logic.
Tab sis nws yooj yim dua rau kev siv cov logic ntawm transistors nrog ob peb ntxiv emitters. Nyob rau hauv xws li TTL logic circuits, ib tug multi-emitter transistor yog siv, es tsis yog semiconductor diodes txuas nyob rau hauv parallel. Cov ntsiab lus no zoo ib yam hauv txoj cai rau "2I". tab sis nyob rau hauv cov zis ib theem siab ntawm peev xwm yuav tau tsuas yog yog hais tias ob lub inputs muaj nqi tib lub sij hawm. Hauv qhov no, tsis muaj emitter tam sim no, thiab cov kev hloov pauv raug thaiv. Daim duab qhia tau hais tias lub logic Circuit Court siv cov transistors.
Inverter circuits ntawm logic ntsiab
Nrog kev pab los ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob, nws hloov mus rau invert lub teeb liab ntawm qhov tso zis ntawm cov khoom. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm hom "AND-NOT" yog qhia nyob rau hauv serial microcircuits ntawm lub dav hlau. Piv txwv li, lub microcircuit ntawm K155LA3 series muaj nyob rau hauv nws cov qauv tsim ntawm "2I-NOT" hom nyob rau hauv tus nqi ntawm plaub daim. Raws li cov khoom no, ib qho khoom siv inverter yog tsim. Qhov no siv ib tug semiconductor diode.
Yog xav tau kev sib koom ua keob peb lub ntsiab lus ntawm "AND" hom raws li "OR" circuits (lossis yog tias tsim nyog los siv cov ntsiab lus logic "OR"), ces cov transistors yuav tsum tau txuas mus rau qhov sib npaug ntawm cov ntsiab lus hauv daim duab. Hauv qhov no, tsuas yog ib qho cascade tau txais ntawm qhov tso zis. Ib qho laj thawj ntawm hom "2OR-NOT" yog qhia hauv daim duab no:
Cov ntsiab lus no muaj nyob rau hauv microcircuits, uas txhais los ntawm cov ntawv LR. Tab sis TTL logic ntawm hom "OR-NOT" yog txhais los ntawm cov ntawv luv luv LE, piv txwv li, K153LE5. Nws muaj plaub qhov laj thawj "2OR-NOT" ua ib zaug.
IC logic theem
Nyob rau hauv cov cuab yeej siv niaj hnub no, microcircuits nrog TTL logic yog siv, uas yog siv los ntawm 3 thiab 5 V. Tab sis tsuas yog qhov kev xav ntawm ib qho thiab xoom tsis nyob ntawm qhov voltage. Nws yog vim li no tias tsis tas yuav tsum muaj kev sib txuam ntxiv ntawm microcircuits. Daim duab hauv qab no qhia txog qhov tso cai voltage theem ntawm cov zis ntawm lub caij.
Voltage nyob rau hauv lub xeev tsis paub meej ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm microcircuit, piv nrog cov zis, tso cai nyob rau hauv me me txwv. Thiab daim duab no qhia txog cov ciam teb ntawm cov theem ntawm chav tsev logical thiab xoom rau TTL-hom microcircuits.
Tig rau Schottky diode
Tab sis qhov yooj yim transistor keyboards muaj ib qho teeb meem loj - lawv muaj hom saturation thaum ua haujlwm hauv lub xeev qhib. Txhawm rau kom cov neeg nqa khoom ntau dhau los ua kom yaj thiab cov khoom siv semiconductor tsis saturated, lub semiconductor diode yog hloov ntawm lub hauv paus thiab cov khoom siv. Daim duab qhiaTxoj kev txuas Schottky diode thiab transistor.
A Schottky diode muaj qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob txog li 0.2-0.4 V, thaum lub qhov sib txuas silicon p-n muaj qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob tsawg kawg yog 0.7 V. semiconductor siv lead ua. Schottky diode tso cai rau koj khaws cov transistor vim qhov qis qis rau qhib qhov sib tshuam. Nws yog vim li no thiaj li tiv thaiv triode los ntawm kev mus rau hauv hom.
Yuav ua li cas yog tsev neeg ntawm TTL microcircuits
Feem ntau, microcircuits ntawm hom no yog siv los ntawm 5 V qhov chaw. Tab sis tom qab cov koob los ntawm tus lej digital, uas qhia txog tus lej thiab hom kev sib txuas lus. SN74S00 microcircuit muaj 2I-NOT logic ntsiab. Muaj cov microcircuits uas nws qhov kub thiab txias tau ntev dua - domestic K133 thiab txawv teb chaws SN54.
Lavxias teb sab microcircuits, zoo ib yam li hauv SN74, tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub npe K134. Txawv teb chaws microcircuits, uas nws lub hwj chim noj thiab ceev yog tsawg, muaj tsab ntawv L nyob rau hauv lub kawg, txawv teb chaws microcircuits nrog tsab ntawv S nyob rau hauv lub kawg muaj domestic counterparts nyob rau hauv uas tus naj npawb 1 tau hloov los ntawm 5. Piv txwv li, paub zoo K555. lub k531. Niaj hnub no, ntau hom K1533 series microcircuits tau tsim, uas qhov ceev thiab lub zog siv tsawg heev.
CMOS logic rooj vag
Microcircuits uas muaj cov transistors ntxiv yog raws li MOS cov ntsiab lus nrog p- thiab n-channels. Nrog kev pab ntawm ib tugmuaj peev xwm, p-channel transistor qhib. Thaum lub logic "1" raug tsim, lub sab sauv transistor qhib thiab qis dua kaw. Hauv qhov no, tsis muaj qhov tam sim no ntws los ntawm microcircuit. Thaum lub "0" raug tsim, lub transistor qis qhib thiab sab saud kaw. Hauv qhov no, tam sim no ntws los ntawm microcircuit. Ib qho piv txwv ntawm cov ntsiab lus yooj yim tshaj plaws yog lub inverter.
Thov nco ntsoov tias CMOS ICs tsis kos tam sim no hauv hom zoo li qub. Kev noj tam sim no pib tsuas yog thaum hloov ntawm ib lub xeev mus rau lwm lub ntsiab lus logic. TTL logic ntawm cov ntsiab lus no yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob tsawg. Daim duab qhia ib daim duab ntawm ib lub caij ntawm hom "NAND", muab tso ua ke ntawm CMOS transistors.
Ib qho khoom siv hluav taws xob ua haujlwm tau tsim los ntawm ob lub transistors. Yog tias tsim nyog los tsim lub peev xwm siab, cov semiconductors qhib, thiab ib qho qis kaw. Thov nco ntsoov tias transistor-transistor logic (TTL) yog raws li kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov yuam sij. Semiconductors nyob rau hauv sab caj npab qhib, thiab nyob rau hauv qis caj npab lawv kaw. Hauv qhov no, hauv hom zoo li qub, microcircuit yuav tsis haus tam sim no los ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob.
