Kev lag luam online yog ib qho kev txhim kho loj tshaj plaws ntawm kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb thiab Lavxias. Kev xaj khoom hauv khw hauv online tau dhau los ua ib qho khoom siv rau cov neeg Lavxias. Virtual "khoom" yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev loj hlob hauv peb lub teb chaws. Qhov no tau nthuav tawm ob qho tib si hauv cov neeg siv khoom xav tau thiab hais txog kev ua lag luam. Cov hom tshiab tau tshwm sim. Ntau lub lag luam uas tau offline tau ntev tau qhib kev lag luam online.
Dab tsi nuances yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab thaum yuav cov khoom hauv ib puag ncig "virtual"? Yuav ua li cas thiaj xaj khoom online thiab xa rov qab yog tias tsim nyog?
Ua ntej tshaj plaws, keeb kwm me ntsis, nrog rau kev tshuaj xyuas kev lag luam.
Lub ntiaj teb thawj lub khw muag khoom online
Kev lag luam hluav taws xob hauv Is Taws Nem yog qhov tshwm sim me me (txawm li cas los xij, zoo li Lub Ntiaj TebNet). Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov xyoo ntawm lub neej ntawm lub virtual chaw, tsis muaj leej twg xav hais tias nws muaj peev xwm yuav thiab muag khoom nyob rau hauv Internet. Ntxiv mus, ua ntej 1990, kev siv cov channel hauv online rau kev lag luam raug txwv hauv qee lub tebchaws (tshwj xeeb, hauv Asmeskas). Tab sis dhau sij hawm, kev lag luam ntiag tug pib nyob hauv qhov chaw virtual. Cov kev txwv ntawm kev lag luam siv Internet tau raug tshem tawm.
Tam sim no xyoo 1994, Amazon lub khw hauv online tau tshwm sim, uas tom qab ntawd tau los ua ib tus neeg ua si thoob ntiaj teb coob tshaj plaws hauv kev lag luam hauv online. Nyob rau tib lub xyoo, thawj cov tuam txhab tau tshwm sim los pab cov neeg lag luam hauv kev npaj them nyiaj online (tshwj xeeb, First Virtual pib ua qhov no). Xyoo 1996, cov txheej txheem them nyiaj loj tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb, Visa thiab MasterCard, tau tsim cov qauv kev sib txuas lus tshwj xeeb, raws li nws muaj peev xwm them los ntawm daim npav hauv Internet.
Tam sim no qhov ntim ntawm kev lag luam e-lag luam thoob ntiaj teb yog kwv yees li 1.2 trillion. USD.
thawj lub khw hauv online hauv Russia
Lub npe "Ru" paub tias tau tso npe rau xyoo 1994. Yuav luag tam sim ntawd, qhov chaw tsim qauv pib tshwm sim, uas tau siv los siv niaj hnub no: xov xwm, kev lom zem, nrog rau cov portals uas koj tuaj yeem yuav ntau yam khoom. Thawj cov khw muag khoom online, raws li cov kws tshaj lij, tsis tau ua tiav cov haujlwm. Ua ntej, vim hais tias nyob rau hauv cov xyoo no muaj tsawg tus pej xeem siv Internet. Qhov thib ob, kev yuav khoom hauv online tau suav hais tias yog qhov txawv txav, thiab ob peb tus neeg ntseeg "virtual"sellers.
Tab sis dhau sijhawm, kev lag luam online pib nce nrawm. Ib qho ntawm thawj zaug tsim cov khw muag khoom online hauv tebchaws Russia yog suav tias yog, tshwj xeeb, qhov project book.ru (muag cov phau ntawv). Nws tau tsim tawm xyoo 1996 thiab tau ua tiav txij li thaum.
Qhov tiag tiag hauv kev lag luam e-lag luam hauv Russia tau tshwm sim hauv ib nrab xyoo 2000s. Cov kws tshaj lij ntaus nqi qhov no rau kev sib kis ntawm pheej yig nkag mus rau thoob ntiaj teb network. Cov lus nug ntawm yuav ua li cas xaj cov khoom hauv online tau tso tseg rau cov neeg Lavxias.
Tam sim no qhov ntim ntawm Lavxias teb sab khw muag khoom online yog kwv yees li 540 billion rubles. Ob peb xyoos dhau los, cov nyiaj tau los ntawm cov neeg ua si hauv ntu tau nce 30-40% ib xyoos.
Lub khw muag khoom online loj tshaj plaws hauv tebchaws Russia
Leej twg yog cov khw muag khoom hauv online loj tshaj plaws hauv Lavxias? Ib qho kev lees paub ntau tshaj plaws ntawm cov khw muag khoom hauv online hauv zej zog kev lag luam tau muab tso ua ke los ntawm Forbes magazine xyoo no.
Thawj qhov chaw hauv cov npe ntawm cov khw muag khoom online loj tshaj plaws tau coj los ntawm Ulmart lub khw muag khoom hluav taws xob, lub tuam txhab kev lag luam tau tshaj $ 1 nphom. Qhov chaw thib ob yog Citilink nrog cov nyiaj tau los ntawm kwv yees li 860 lab, uas ua haujlwm hauv tib ntu raws li tus thawj coj ntawm kev ntaus nqi. Bronze tau yeej los ntawm lub khw WildBerries, uas muag khaub ncaws thiab khau. Tus neeg muag khoom cov nyiaj tau los yog kwv yees li $ 530 lab.
Lwm tus neeg tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam e-lag luam suav nrog lub khw Ozon.ru nrog cov nyiaj tau los ntawm $ 350 lab, Biglion luv nqi portal nrog kev lag luam ntau dua $ 330 lab, Kholodilnik. Ru portal, uas khwv tau $ 310 lab, ruajTechnopoint, uas muag cov khoom muaj nqis 260 lab, Enter, uas muag cov khoom muaj nqis 207 lab, nrog rau cov koom haum xws li Volt, Utkonos (cov nyiaj tau los ntawm 206 lab thiab 200 lab, raws li).
Top 20 qeb duas sau los ntawm Forbes kuj suav nrog cov portals KupiVIP, Vasko, Pixel24, Lamoda, E96 thiab ntau lwm lub npe nrov.
Kev cia siab rau kev lag luam online hauv Russia
Kev lag luam hluav taws xob hauv Is Taws Nem yog ib qho kev txhim kho loj tshaj plaws ntawm kev lag luam Lavxias. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev sib tw hauv kev lag luam no, raws li cov kws tshuaj ntsuam hais tias, tau loj hlob los ntawm ib xyoos mus rau ib xyoos. Qee cov kws tshaj lij ntseeg tias theem ntawm kev loj hlob tawg tau dhau lawm. Tam sim no lub khw tuaj yeem cia siab tias qhov kev ua kom zoo dua qub. Cov khw muag khoom online loj tshaj plaws hauv Lavxias, raws li cov kws tshaj lij, yuav maj mam txhim kho lawv qhov muaj nyob hauv cheeb tsam, nce nyiaj tau los vim kev muag khoom zoo.
Raws li cov kws tshuaj ntsuam, los ntawm 2020 kev muag khoom hauv cov khw muag khoom online hauv Lavxias Federation yuav ncav cuag $ 70 billion, thiab los ntawm 2025 - $ 100 billion. kev xa khoom.
Txoj cai tswj hwm kev lag luam online hauv Russia
Kev lag luam hauv Is Taws Nem hauv Russia yog tswj hwm los ntawm txoj cai dav dav thiab tshwj xeeb. Xav txog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm txoj cai tswj hwm kev lag luam online hauv Lavxias.
Ua ntej tshaj, qhov no yog Civil Code. Nws muaj cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib raug zoo ntawm tus neeg muag khoom thiab tus neeg yuav khoomraws li ib tug neeg thiab ib tug raws li txoj cai.
Thib ob, qhov no yog Txoj Cai Tiv Thaiv Cov Neeg Siv Khoom (hauv cov ntawv niaj hnub no). Nov yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm txoj cai tshwj xeeb. Nws qhia txog cov cai ntawm cov neeg yuav khoom, cov luag num ntawm tus muag khoom.
Thirdly, qhov no yog Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Txoj Cai ntawm cov hauv paus ntawm lub xeev txoj cai ntawm kev lag luam hauv Lavxias Federation. Txoj cai no yog lwm qhov piv txwv ntawm kev cai lij choj tshwj xeeb uas muaj feem cuam tshuam txog kev tswj hwm kev cai lij choj yav dhau los. Txoj cai no tau lees paub los ntawm ntau tus kws tshuaj ntsuam raws li txoj cai tseem ceeb ntawm cov khw hauv online.
Fourthly, qhov no yog Tsoom Fwv Txoj Cai cuam tshuam txog kev pom zoo ntawm cov cai rau kev lag luam "nyob deb"
Lwm yam tseem ceeb ntawm kev cai lij choj tswj kev muag khoom hauv online:
- FZ "Ntawm Kev Tshaj Tawm".
- Cov ntawv los ntawm Rospotrebnadzor ntsig txog kev tswj hwm kev muag khoom hauv online.
Kev lag luam online ntawm hom lus
Tej zaum, nws tsim nyog qhia meej tias tus neeg tsim cai lij choj txhais li cas los ntawm "txoj kev deb" ntawm kev lag luam. Qhov no yog kev muag khoom raws li cov ntawv cog lus uas tau xaus los ntawm cov neeg muag khoom thiab cov neeg yuav khoom los ntawm kev sib txuas lus. Tib lub sijhawm, kev paub ncaj qha nrog cov khoom tsuas yog thaum lub sijhawm lawv tau txais los ntawm tus neeg yuav khoom.
kev cai lij choj rau cov khw hauv online
Cia peb teev cov kev cai tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws rau cov khw hauv online. Ntau yam ntawm kev tswj hwm cuam tshuam rau cov ntaub ntawv tivthaiv. Ntawd yog, tus tswv ntawm lub khw hauv online yuav tsum muab cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws txog cov khoom ntawm cov nplooj ntawv web. Namely:
- yuav ua li cas cov neeg siv khoomcov khoom muaj zog;
- qhov twg nws ua;
- lub chaw tsim khoom lub npe zoo li cas;
- nqi thiab lwm yam kev yuav khoom;
- kev pabcuam lub neej (lossis lub neej txee) ntawm cov khoom;
- warranty duration;
- txheej txheem them nqi, xa khoom.
Kuj, tus tswv ntawm lub khw online yuav tsum qhia qhov chaw ntawm nws lub chaw haujlwm.
Cov kev cai lij choj tsis muaj cov cai nruj rau yuav ua li cas cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum tau formatted (tso tawm). Tus neeg muag khoom tuaj yeem tshaj tawm cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog raws li kev tshaj tawm, cov lus piav qhia rau cov khoom, lossis hauv hom kev tshaj tawm rau pej xeem. Piv txwv li, qee lub khw muag khaub ncaws thiab khau hauv online suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv cov khoom lag luam ntawm daim npav piav qhia cov khoom thiab lwm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov nplooj ntawv tshwj xeeb.
Yog li, Lavxias cov khw muag khoom hauv online tau lees paub tso rau hauv lawv cov nplooj ntawv web cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog,yuav xaj khoom online li cas (thiab rov qab rau lawv), dab tsi yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom muag thiab them nqi tshwj xeeb.
Yuav tsum tau tshaj tawm cov khw hauv online
Txoj Cai "Ntawm Kev Tshaj Tawm" muaj ntau qhov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb rau cov khw hauv online. Lawv, nyob rau hauv lem, muaj feem xyuam rau tus tsim ncaj qha ntawm advertising lus. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog, daim duab lossis ntawv banner yuav tsum muaj cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no:
- npe ntawm tus muag khoom;
- khw qhov chaw;
- OGRN;
- Npe (yog tus tswv ntawm online trading portal yog tus ua lag luam).
Tam sim no cia peb mus ntxivQhov ua tau zoo: cov txheej txheem rau kev yuav khoom thiab xa rov qab cov khoom hauv khw virtual.
Cov txheej txheem yuav khoom "virtual" ua haujlwm li cas?
Yooj yim heev. Los ntawm kev xaiv cov khoom xav tau (lossis ob peb ntawm nws cov qauv) hauv phau ntawv teev npe ntawm tus neeg muag khoom lub vev xaib, tus neeg yuav khoom npaj rau nws cov khoom xa tuaj. Muaj peb yam tseem ceeb ntawm no:
- xaj cov khoom xa tuaj los ntawm Lavxias Post (lossis ib qho ntawm nws cov qauv kev faib - EMS, piv txwv li) nyiaj ntsuab ntawm kev xa khoom;
- npaj xa los ntawm courier;
- xaj khoom xa tuaj rau cov khoom lag luam muaj npe ntawm qhov teeb meem ntawm cov khoom (tshwj xeeb, txoj kev no yog muab los ntawm Ozon.ru online khw)
Txoj Kev Them Nyiaj
Tsis muaj kev lees paub dav dav ntawm kev ua lag luam hais txog theem twg cov khoom raug them rau. Lub khw hauv online yuav xav tau ob qho tib si them ua ntej thiab tso cai them nyiaj thaum tau txais cov khoom.
Yog xav tau them ua ntej, ces nws yog ua los ntawm ib qho ntawm cov hauv qab no:
- nrog daim npav yas;
- dhau ntawm tus kheej tus account ntawm kev them nyiaj ("Yandex. Money", QIWI, thiab lwm yam);
- ntawm kev them nyiaj davhlau ya nyob twg;
- via bank txais.
Raws li txoj cai, nyob rau hauv cov qauv ntawm niaj hnub kev lag luam online platforms muaj cov nplooj ntawv web uas koj tuaj yeem tawm lus, sau tshuaj xyuas txog cov khw hauv online. Saib lawv ua ntej yuav khoom siv tau zoo heev.
Txoj kev sib pauv thiab xa cov khoom xa rov qab rau tus neeg muag khoom "virtual"
Ib yam li thaum yuav khoom hauv khw muag khoom cib-thiab-mortar, cov neeg siv khoom ntawm cov khw muag khoom hauv online tuaj yeem xa rov qab thiab pauv khoom raws cai.
Ua ntej tshaj plaws, tus neeg muag khoom yuav tsum tso rau ntawm nplooj ntawv ntawm lub vev xaib ntawm nws lub khw cov ntaub ntawv txog qhov twg tus neeg yuav khoom xav tau coj cov khoom los pauv lossis xa rov qab.
Vim qhov tseeb tias tus neeg yuav khoom ntawm cov khw muag khoom offline thiab hauv online yog thawj zaug nyob rau hauv qhov tsis sib xws (thaum tso xaj hauv Is Taws Nem, koj tsis tuaj yeem hais lus, kov lossis sim ntawm cov khoom), cov cai ntawm tus neeg siv khoom. tus neeg muag khoom "virtual", raws li cov kws tshaj lij, tau tshwj tseg ntau dua. Qhov no qhia txog qee qhov tsis xis nyob rau cov tswv khw hauv online.
Ib qho ntawm qhov pom tseeb tshaj plaws ntawm qhov kev nyab xeeb no yog tias tus neeg yuav khoom muaj txhua txoj cai tsis kam lees nrog tus muag khoom kom txog rau thaum cov khoom tau txais (los ntawm kev xa ntawv lossis los ntawm txhais tes ntawm tus neeg xa khoom). Hauv qhov no, tag nrho cov nuj nqis uas tus neeg yuav khoom tau tshwm sim txog qhov no yuav tsum tau them rov qab.
Raws li txoj cai, rov qab mus rau lub khw hauv online tuaj yeem ua tsis pub dhau xya hnub txij li hnub yuav khoom. Ib qho xwm txheej tseem ceeb - thawj qhov kev nthuav qhia ntawm cov khoom yuav tsum tau khaws cia.
Shipping, xa rov qab: nws puas tseem ceeb?
Ntau tus kws tshaj lij ntseeg tias cov neeg Lavxias tsis txhawj xeeb txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev xaj khoom hauv Is Taws Nem. Cov neeg yuav khoom feem ntau paub xaiv cov khoom lag luam, them nyiaj rau lawv, tau txais thiab xa lawv rov qab. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev pabcuam rau kev xa khoom thiab kev sib pauv khoom los ntawm cov khw muag khoom niaj hnub tau tsim.
Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws tam sim no rau cov neeg siv khoom ntawm Lavxias teb sab khw muag khoom online yog cov khoom lag luam, qib kev pab tswv yim thiab cov khoom zoo.
Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov khw muag khoom online nrov
ibIb qho ntawm cov kev sib tw tseem ceeb uas ntau lub khw hauv online siv zog kom muaj yog cov neeg siv khoom xyuas. Uas tsis yog xav tsis thoob: qhov zoo ntawm tus cwj pwm ntawm cov neeg siv khoom uas twb muaj lawm, qhov zoo dua qhov zoo li cov tshiab, qhov ntau dua kev yuav khoom. Cia peb pom dab tsi tshuaj xyuas lawv cov neeg siv khoom Lavxias sau txog cov khw hauv online. Xav txog, piv txwv li, cov kev xav ntawm cov neeg yuav khoom hais txog ob lub khw muag khoom loj los ntawm Forbes cov npe saum toj no.
Ozon.ru cov neeg siv khoom qhia lub khw hauv online no ua qhov chaw uas muaj kev xaiv ntau ntawm cov khoom. Ntau tus neeg yuav khoom nco txog tus nqi qis hauv kev sib piv nrog cov khw muag khoom offline. Qhov no feem ntau siv rau cov phau ntawv, qee zaum hluav taws xob.
Tseem muaj ntau yam ntaub ntawv xaiv. Cov neeg yuav khoom qhuas qhov kev ntsuam xyuas uas siv hauv lub khw hauv online no, ntau txoj hauv kev them nyiaj. Ntau tus neeg siv khoom Ozon.ru nco ntsoov nrog kev zoo siab tias nws tuaj yeem khaws cov khoom lag luam ntawm cov khoom lag luam hauv ntau lub nroog.
Cia peb saib seb cov neeg siv khoom tshuaj xyuas tus yam ntxwv ntawm cov khw muag khaub ncaws loj tshaj plaws hauv online tuaj yeem zoo li ntawm qhov piv txwv ntawm lwm tus neeg muag khoom hauv online - Lamoda.ru. Cov neeg siv khoom ntawm lub tuam txhab no kuj, feem ntau, txaus siab rau lawv txoj kev xaiv. Qhuas lub xaib rau kev xaiv dav, xa khoom sai. Lawv nco ntsoov qhov tseeb tias cov khoom tuaj yeem raug sim thaum tau txais los ntawm courier. Yog tias tsis haum, rov qab tam sim.
Kev tshuaj xyuas: qhov tseeb lossis kev dag?
Muaj ib qho version uas feem ntau ntawm cov kev tshuaj xyuas pom nyob rau hauv online trading portalssau tsis yog los ntawm cov neeg yuav khoom, tab sis los ntawm cov neeg tshwj xeeb ntiav rau lub hom phiaj no. Qhov tseeb tias qee feem pua ntawm cov kev xav virtual tiag tiag yog "kev cai tsim" yog qhov tseeb paub zoo, ib tus yuav hais. Nws yog ib qho yooj yim mus rau txhua qhov "freelance" portal thiab nrhiav haujlwm ntsig txog kev sau ntawv tshuaj xyuas rau lub khw hauv online. Qhov zoo lossis qhov tsis zoo - tsis hais qhov kev xav ntawm tus neeg sau ntawv txog tus neeg muag khoom virtual no.
Txawm li cas los xij, suav feem pua ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas cuav yog qhov teeb meem heev. Cov neeg siv Lavxias feem ntau yog cov neeg muaj kev sib raug zoo. Thiab yog li ntawd, lawv tuaj yeem nrhiav sijhawm los tawm cov lus ntawm nplooj ntawv ntawm cov khw hauv online uas cuam tshuam qhov kev xav tiag tiag.
Cov neeg yuav khoom hauv online feem ntau yeej tau nyeem cov tshuaj xyuas. Thiab yog tias tsuas yog vim li no, mini-compositions ntawm lwm tus neeg yuav khoom muaj txiaj ntsig ob qho tib si ntawm kev txhim kho kev lag luam thiab cov neeg siv khoom paub txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khw muag khoom online.
