Koj puas tau xav paub tias vim li cas cov chaw tsim khoom thiaj li yooj yim kwv yees cov kev xav tau ntawm cov neeg siv khoom, paub thaum twg yuav muab cov khoom lag luam zoo thiab lub sijhawm muaj qee yam tshiab, tab sis tsim nyog rau txhua tus neeg? Nws yooj yim - cov chaw tsim khoom kawm nws cov neeg siv khoom, lossis theej ua kev tshawb fawb kev lag luam, txhawm rau ua ib kauj ruam ua ntej ntawm tus neeg yuav khoom.
Kev tshawb fawb kev lag luam yog dab tsi
Yog tias koj muab lus piav qhia meej thiab luv luv ntawm qhov kev tshawb fawb kev lag luam yog dab tsi, ces nws yog kev tshawb nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog, nws sau thiab tshuaj xyuas ntxiv hauv txhua qhov haujlwm. Rau cov ntsiab lus dav dav, nws tsim nyog txheeb xyuas cov theem tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev tshawb fawb, uas qee zaum siv sijhawm ntau xyoo. Tab sis nyob rau hauv qhov kawg version, qhov no yog qhov pib thiab xaus ntawm txhua yam kev lag luam hauv kev lag luam (tsim cov khoom muag, nce qib, nthuav tawm ntawm kab, thiab lwm yam). Ua ntej cov khoom lag luam tshwm rau ntawm lub txee, cov neeg lag luam tshawb fawb cov neeg siv khoom, thaum thawj zaug ua thawj zaug sau cov ntaub ntawv, thiab tom qab ntawd ib lub rooj kawm los kos cov lus xaus thiabtxav mus rau hauv txoj kev yog.
Research objectives
. Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv dav dav, cov haujlwm hauv qab no yog qhov txawv:
- Sau, ua thiab txheeb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv.
- Kev Tshawb Fawb Kev Lag Luam: peev, khoom siv thiab kev thov.
- Kev ntsuas koj lub peev xwm thiab cov neeg sib tw.
- Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov khoom tsim lossis kev pabcuam.
Txhua yam haujlwm no yuav tsum tau daws ib kauj ruam. Yuav muaj cov lus nug tshwj xeeb lossis cov lus nug dav dav. Nyob ntawm txoj haujlwm, cov kev tshawb fawb yuav raug xaiv uas mus dhau qee theem.
theem ntawm kev tshawb fawb kev lag luam
Txawm hais tias qhov tseeb tias kev tshawb fawb kev lag luam tau ua ntau zaus, thiab txhua tus ntawm lawv txawv ntawm ib leeg, muaj ib txoj kev npaj uas txhua tus yuav tsum ua raws, uas txhais tau tias ua qhov kev kawm hauv theem. Muaj txog 5 theem:
- Kev txheeb xyuas cov teeb meem, tsim cov hom phiaj thiab nrhiav txoj hauv kev los daws cov teeb meem. Qhov no kuj suav nrog kev teeb tsa lub hom phiaj.
- Xaiv cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm kev txheeb xyuas thiab daws teeb meem siv lub rooj tshawb fawb. Raws li txoj cai, cov tuam txhab tuaj yeem siv lawv cov ntaub ntawv los txheeb xyuas lawv qhov teeb meem yog dab tsi thiab nkag siab yuav daws li cas yam tsis tau tawm mus rau hauv thaj chaw.
- Yog tias cov ntaub ntawv uas twb muaj lawm ntawm lub lag luam tsis txaus, thiab cov ntaub ntawv tshiab xav tau, ces nws yuav tsum tau ua kev tshawb fawb, txiav txim siab qhov ntim, qauv qauv thiab, ntawm chav kawm, cov khoom ntawm kev tshawb fawb. Ob kauj ruam tseem ceeb no yuav tsum tau sau kom ntxaws ntxiv.
- Tom qab sau cov ntaub ntawv, nws yuav tsum tau tshuaj xyuas nws, ua ntej kev teeb tsa, piv txwv li, rau hauv ib lub rooj, txhawm rau ua kom qhov kev soj ntsuam yooj yim dua.
- theem kawg feem ntau yog qhov xaus, uas tuaj yeem ua luv luv thiab nthuav dav. Cov no tuaj yeem yog ob qho lus pom zoo thiab cov lus qhia txog qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws rau lub tuam txhab. Tab sis qhov kawg xaus yog ua los ntawm lub taub hau ntawm lub tuam txhab, tom qab tshuaj xyuas qhov kev kawm.
Hom kev sau cov ntaub ntawv rau kev tshawb fawb
Raws li tau hais los saum no, muaj ob hom kev sau cov ntaub ntawv, thiab koj tuaj yeem siv ob qho tib si ib zaug lossis xaiv ib qho xwb. Muab cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb (lossis sau cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb) thiab kev tshawb fawb lub rooj (piv txwv li, sau cov ntaub ntawv thib ob). Txhua lub tuam txhab kev hwm tus kheej, raws li txoj cai, ua ob qhov chaw thiab rooj sib sau cov ntaub ntawv, txawm hais tias siv nyiaj ntau heev rau qhov no. Tab sis txoj hauv kev no tso cai rau koj los sau cov ntaub ntawv muaj feem ntau thiab kos cov lus xaus kom raug dua.
Cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm nws cov khoom sau
Ua ntej koj mus sau cov ntaub ntawv, koj yuav tsum txiav txim siab seb koj yuav tsum sau npaum li cas, thiab seb txoj kev twg yog qhov zoo tshaj rau kev daws qhov teeb meem. Tus kws tshawb fawb koom ncaj qha thiab siv cov hauv qab no ntawm kev sau cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb:
- Kev xaiv - sau, hais lus hauv xov tooj lossis hauv Is Taws Nem, thaum tib neeg raug nug los teb ob peb nqe lus nug, xaiv ib qho ntawm cov kev xaiv uas muaj lossis muab cov lus teb ntxaws.
- Kev soj ntsuam lossis kev soj ntsuam ntawm tib neeg tus cwj pwm hauv ib qho xwm txheej kom nkag siab tias tus neeg ua haujlwm li cas, vim li cas nws thiaj ua li ntawd. Tab sis muaj qhov tsis zoo ntawm txoj kev no - lawv tsis tas yuav tshuaj xyuas kev ua kom raug.
- Kev sim - kawm qhov kev vam khom ntawm qee yam ntawm lwm tus, thaum ib qho hloov pauv, nws yuav tsum txheeb xyuas seb nws cuam tshuam li cas rau tag nrho lwm cov binders
Txoj kev sau cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb tso cai rau koj kom tau txais cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub xeev ntawm kev thov rau cov kev pabcuam lossis cov khoom ntawm lub sijhawm thiab qhov chaw nrog cov neeg siv khoom. Tsis tas li ntawd, raws li cov ntaub ntawv tau txais, qee cov lus xaus tau kos uas tuaj yeem pab daws qhov teeb meem. Yog tias qhov no tsis txaus, nws tsim nyog ua kev tshawb fawb ntxiv lossis siv ntau txoj hauv kev thiab hom kev tshawb fawb.
Desk Study
Cov ntaub ntawv thib ob twb muaj cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm ntau qhov chaw, raws li qhov koj tuaj yeem ua qhov kev tshuaj xyuas thiab tau txais qee yam txiaj ntsig. Tib lub sijhawm, cov peev txheej ntawm lawv daim ntawv txais nyiaj tuaj yeem yog sab nraud thiab sab hauv.
Cov ntaub ntawv sab hauv suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub tuam txhab nws tus kheej, piv txwv li, kev hloov pauv, txheeb cais ntawm kev yuav khoom thiab cov nuj nqis, muag ntim, cov nqi raw khoom, thiab lwm yam - txhua yam uas lub tuam txhab muaj ntawm nws qhov kev pov tseg yuav tsum tau siv. Tej zaum kev tshawb fawb ntawm lub rooj lag luam no pab daws qhov teeb meem nyob qhov twgtsis tuaj yeem pom thiab pom txawm tias cov tswv yim tshiab uas tuaj yeem siv tau.
Cov ntaub ntawv sab nraud muaj rau txhua tus. Lawv tuaj yeem nqa cov phau ntawv thiab ntawv xov xwm, tshaj tawm ntawm cov kev txheeb cais dav dav, kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb txog kev ua tiav ib yam dab tsi, tshaj tawm txog kev ua ub no, thiab ntau yam ntxiv uas yuav txaus siab rau ib lub lag luam tshwj xeeb.
Qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev sau cov ntaub ntawv thib ob
Lub rooj txoj kev tshawb fawb muaj nws qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo, thiab yog li ntawd, thaum ua kev tshawb fawb, nws raug nquahu kom siv ob hom ib zaug kom tau txais cov ntaub ntawv tiav.
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tau txais cov ntaub ntawv thib ob:
- txo nqi tshawb fawb (qee zaus tsuas yog sib npaug rau lub sijhawm siv);
- yog tias cov haujlwm tshawb fawb tau yooj yim txaus, thiab cov lus nug ntawm kev tsim cov khoom tshiab tsis tau tsa, yog li, raws li txoj cai, cov ntaub ntawv theem nrab txaus;
- khoom ceev ceev;
- tau txais cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm ntau qhov chaw ib zaug.
Qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev tau txais cov ntaub ntawv thib ob:
- cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm cov chaw sab nraud muaj rau txhua tus thiab tuaj yeem siv tau yooj yim los ntawm cov neeg sib tw;
- cov ntaub ntawv muaj feem ntau yog dav dav thiab tsis yog ib txwm haum rau cov neeg tuaj saib tshwj xeeb;
- cov ntaub ntawv sai sai dhau los thiab yuav tsis ua tiav.
