Kev sib dhos ntawm lub keyboards yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ntseeg tau ntawm kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob. Nws yuav tsum ua raws li cov qauv kev cai tswj hwm kev tsim thiab kev tsim kho ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsawg.
Switchboard los ua ke yog tsim los ntawm ib qho chaw uas cov khoom siv hluav taws xob nkag mus rau hauv cov hluav taws xob sib cais, txhua qhov yog tswj hwm thiab tiv thaiv los ntawm fuses. Qhov kev tsim no tau muab faib ua ob peb qhov kev ua haujlwm, txhua qhov muaj tag nrho cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas ua rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev tshaj tawm txoj haujlwm. Piv txwv li, sib sau ua ke 380v switchboard nyob rau hauv ib lub tsev ntiag tug yog tsim nyog los tsim ib qho tseem ceeb txuas nyob rau hauv kev ntseeg tau ntawm saw.
Yog li ntawd, hom tsim yuav tsum tau ua kom haum rau nws daim ntawv thov. Nws tsim thiab kev tsim kho yuav tsum ua raws li cov qauv thiab kev coj ua.
Switchboard lub thawv sib dhos muab kev tiv thaiv triple:
- Ua ntej tshaj plaws, nws yog kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev ntsuas ntsuas, relays, fuses, thiab lwm yam.
- Lub rooj sib dhos hloov pauv yuav tsum suav nrog kev tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov tshuab, kev co thiab lwm yam sab nraud uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ncaj ncees (kev cuam tshuam hluav taws xob, plua plav, noo noo, kab mob, thiab lwm yam).
- Kev tiv thaiv tib neeg txoj sia los ntawm qhov muaj feem cuam tshuam ncaj qha thiab tsis ncaj qha hluav taws xob.
Type of switchboards
Load uas yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab cov qauv ntaus ntawv yuav tsum tau nruab.
Switchboard sib dhos 380V thiab hauv qab no yuav txawv nyob ntawm daim ntawv thov thiab cov qauv tsim tau txais kev pom zoo (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kev npaj tsheb npav).
hom ntsiab:
- Main low voltage qauv - MLVS.
- Cav tswj chaw - MCC.
- Sub-distribution switchboards.
- Cov qauv kawg.
Thiab zaum kawg peb-theem switchboard sib dhos yog tsim los rau cov kev siv tshwj xeeb (xws li cua sov, elevator, txheej txheem kev lag luam). Nws tuaj yeem nyob:
- Nyob ze qhov chaw qis qis qis.
- Tom ntej rau cov khoom txuas.
- Sub-distribution thiab zaum kawg switchboards. feem ntau kis thoob plaws cheeb tsam.
ob technologies
Dab tsi:
- Cov khoom faib thoob ntiaj teb uas muaj ntau yam khoom siv, fuses, thiab lwm yam yog txuas rau lub chassis tom qab ntawm rooj plaub.
- Cov qauv ua haujlwm rau cov ntawv thov tshwj xeeb raws lintawm tus qauv tsim thiab qauv tsim.
Universal
Lub switchgear, raws li tau sau tseg saum toj no, feem ntau yog nyob ntawm lub chassis tom qab ntawm rooj plaub. Tias yog vim li cas lub rooj sib txoos ntawm switchboard nrog koj tus kheej txhais tes yog yooj yim heev. Tab sis nws yuav tsum tau nco ntsoov tias cov zaub thiab tswj cov cuab yeej (meters, teeb, nyees khawm, thiab lwm yam) yog ntsia rau pem hauv ntej vaj huam sib luag.
Kev tso chaw ntawm cov khoom hauv rooj plaub yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas, txiav txim siab qhov ntev ntawm txhua lub hauv paus, kev sib txuas uas yuav tsum tau ua rau nws, thiab cov kev tshem tawm uas xav tau los xyuas kom muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab tsis muaj teeb meem.
functional switchboards
Raws li txoj cai, cov no yog cov qauv tsim los rau cov ntawv thov tshwj xeeb. Muaj cov khoom siv ua haujlwm uas suav nrog cov khoom siv sib cais, nrog rau cov qauv khoom siv rau kev sib txuas thiab kev sib txuas ntawm cov keyboards, thiab kev sib txuas, uas ua kom muaj kev ntseeg siab thiab muaj peev xwm loj rau kev hloov pauv txhua lub sijhawm yav tom ntej.
Ntau yam txiaj ntsig
Kev siv cov kev sib txuas sib txuas ua haujlwm tau kis mus rau txhua theem ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsawg, los ntawm lub ntsiab mus rau qhov kawg, vim lawv cov txiaj ntsig ntau:
- Modularity ntawm lub kaw lus, uas tso cai rau koj los ua ke txhua yam kev ua haujlwm hauv ib tus qauv, suav nrog kev tiv thaiv, kev saib xyuas, kev ua haujlwm thiab kev ua kom zoo dua qub.
- Kev sib dhos ntawm tus kheej ntawm lub keyboards thiab nws cov qauv tsim tau nrawm. Yog vim li castias cov qauv no, tsis zoo li lwm tus, tsuas yog suav nrog qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov khoom siv ua haujlwm.
- Tau kawg, kev sib sau ua ke ib lub tsev ntiag tug switchboard tuaj yeem ua tau sai dua. Qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb tias rau cov neeg siv nruab nrab, cov neeg tsim tawm sim ua kom yooj yim rau kev tsim kom ntau li ntau tau.
- Thaum kawg, cov qauv no raug rau cov ntawv xeem uas ua kom muaj kev ntseeg siab. Kev sib sau ua ke nrog koj tus kheej txhais tes tau dhau los ua tsis yog sai dua, tab sis kuj muaj kev nyab xeeb dua.
Schneider Electric's Prisma G thiab P ntau ntawm cov haujlwm ua haujlwm xav tau txog 3200 A thiab muab:
- Yooj yim thiab yooj yim ntawm kev tsim kho.
- IEC 61439 ntawv pov thawj thiab kev pabcuam nyab xeeb.
- Txuag DIY switchboard los ua ke lub sij hawm los ntawm kauj ruam, los ntawm kev tsim mus rau kev teeb tsa, kev ua haujlwm thiab kev hloov kho lossis hloov kho dua tshiab.
- Kev yoog yooj yim, piv txwv li kom haum rau kev ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb thiab cov qauv hauv ntau lub tebchaws.
Txhim kho
Muaj peb lub thev naus laus zis tseem ceeb siv hauv cov keyboards yooj yim. Tsau - cov chav nyob no tsis tuaj yeem raug cais tawm ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob, yog li kev cuam tshuam rau kev saib xyuas, hloov kho, thiab lwm yam yuav tsum tau muab tag nrho cov cuab yeej tua. Txawm li cas los xij, cov qauv plug-in lossis plug-in tuaj yeem siv los txo lub sijhawm hluav taws xob tsawg thiab ua kom muaj nyob rau seem ntawm kev teeb tsa.
Disabled
Txhua qhov haujlwm thaivmounted rau ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm plug-in thiab muab nrog kev sib cais ntawm sab tswv yim (busbars) thiab disconnection ntawm cov zis sab (circuits). Yog li, tag nrho cov cuab yeej tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm rau kev saib xyuas yam tsis muaj kev kaw dav dav.
Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsas sawv daws.
Kev sib dhos ntawm lub ntsuas ntsuas hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv cuam tshuam hauv qhov no yog qhov nyuaj me ntsis. Qhov no yog vim hais tias cov khoom siv, rau kev ua tiav ntawm kev ua haujlwm, yog mounted rau ntawm ib lub retractable kab rov tav chassis. Cov qauv no zoo li nyuaj thiab feem ntau suav nrog kev tswj lub cev muaj zog.
Rwb thaiv tsev tuaj yeem ua tau ntawm ob sab nkag thiab qhov hluav taws xob los ntawm rub tawm lub tub rau khoom kom tiav, tso cai rau lub chaw ua haujlwm tsis raug hloov pauv sai yam tsis tau kaw qhov seem ntawm cov keyboards.
qauv
Ua raws li cov qauv siv tau yog qhov tseem ceeb los xyuas kom muaj kev ntseeg tau txaus.
IEC 61439 (Low Voltage Switchgear thiab Control) series ntawm cov qauv tau tsim los muab cov neeg siv kawg nrog kev ntseeg siab ntawm kev nyab xeeb thiab muaj hluav taws xob.
Kev ntseeg tau muaj xws li:
- Tsis muaj mob rau tib neeg (kev pheej hmoo ntawm hluav taws xob poob).
- tiv thaiv hluav taws.
- Kev phom sij tawg.
Kev muaj peev xwm ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yog qhov teeb meem loj hauv ntau txoj haujlwm ntawm kev ua haujlwm, uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev lag luam thaum muaj kev cuam tshuam ntev cuam tshuam nrog kev ua tsis tiav ntawm pawg faib khoom.
qauvtsim kom muaj kev tsim thiab kev txheeb xyuas qhov yuav tsum tau ua, yog li yuav tsum tsis txhob ua tsis tiav thaum muaj kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo, cuam tshuam, lossis kev ua haujlwm hauv ib puag ncig hnyav.
Ua raws li cov qauv yuav tsum xyuas kom meej tias lub switchboard ua haujlwm raug, tsis yog nyob rau hauv ib txwm muaj, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv qhov nyuaj.
Peb lub ntsiab lus ntawm IEC 61439-1 thiab 61439-2 ua rau muaj kev ntseeg tau zoo:
- Npaj txhais ntawm kev ua haujlwm.
- Sib faib cov duab ntawm cov blocks uas nyob ib sab raws li cov neeg siv khoom xav tau.
- Kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas tau zoo thiab kev kuaj xyuas niaj hnub.
qauv qauv
IEC 61439 series ntawm cov qauv muaj xws li ib qho yooj yim postulate (IEC 61439-1) uas muaj cov kev cai dav dav thiab ntau yam kev paub daws teeb meem uas nthuav dav uas lawv siv (lossis tsis siv, lossis yuav tsum tau hloov kho) rau cov hom tshwj xeeb, rau Piv txwv li, sib sau ua ke ib lub switchboard hauv ib chav tsev:
- IEC / TR 61439-0: Kev taw qhia rau kev txheeb xyuas.
- IEC 61439-1: Cov cai dav dav.
- IEC 61439-2: Fais Fais Fais Fais Fais Fais Fais Fais Fais Fais Fais Fais Fais Fais Fais Fais Fais Fais Fais Fais Fais Fais faib thiab Tswj Kev Sib Koom Tes.
- IEC 61439-3: Cov rooj tsavxwm npaj rau kev siv los ntawm cov pej xeem.
- IEC 61439-4: Cov kev cai tshwj xeeb rau cov khoom siv rau qhov chaw tsim kho.
- IEC 61439-5: Kev sib dhos ntawm cov hluav taws xob hloov hluav taws xob hauv kev sib txuas lus pej xeem.
- IEC 61439-6: Busbars.
- IEC / TS 61439-7: Kev sib dhos rau cov ntawv thov tshwj xeeb xws li marinas, campsites, khw, chaw nres tshebthem hluav taws xob tsheb.
Thawj tsab ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no tau luam tawm xyoo 2009 thiab hloov kho xyoo 2011.
Yuav tsum tau ua raws li cov neeg siv khoom xav tau kawg
Ntau daim ntawv thov suav nrog hauv cov qauv tau qhia kom ua tau raws li ntau qhov kev cia siab:
- Muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm ntawm kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob.
- Muaj peev xwm tiv taus kev ntxhov siab.
- peev xwm tam sim no.
- Tshuaj tiv thaiv luv luv.
- EMC.
- Kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob.
- Kev kho thiab hloov kho muaj peev xwm.
- Muaj peev xwm ntawm kev teeb tsa ntawm qhov chaw.
- Kev tiv thaiv kev pheej hmoo hluav taws kub thiab ib puag ncig.
Lub ntsiab lus meej ntawm lub luag haujlwm
Cov khoom faib tawm yog tsim nyog los ua cov rooj sib dhos, suav nrog cov khoom siv hloov pauv, tswj, ntsuas, tiv thaiv, tswj cov cuab yeej, nrog rau txhua qhov kev sib txuas hauv hluav taws xob thiab tshuab thiab cov khoom siv. Cov kab ke sib dhos suav nrog cov khoom siv kho tshuab thiab hluav taws xob (cov ntaub thaiv npog, cov hlua, cov khoom siv ua haujlwm, thiab lwm yam).
Tus thawj chaw tsim khoom yog lub koom haum uas tau ua tiav tag nrho cov qauv tsim thiab kev sib koom ua ke ua pov thawj raws li tus qauv. Nws yog lub luag haujlwm rau cov qauv tsim qauv uas tau teev tseg hauv IEC 61439-2, suav nrog ntau yam kev ntsuas hluav taws xob.
Kev pov thawj tuaj yeem tswj tau los ntawm lub cev ntawv pov thawj uas tso cai rau tus tsim khoom qub. Cov ntaub ntawv notej zaum yuav raug xa mus rau tus specifier lossis cov neeg siv kawg thaum thov.
Tus neeg tsim khoom feem ntau yog lub koom haum ua lub luag haujlwm rau kev tsim ua tiav. Tus qauv yuav tsum ua kom tiav raws li cov lus qhia. Yog tias cov chaw tsim khoom sib dhos ua raws li tus thawj inventor cov kev taw qhia, lawv yuav tsum rov ntsuam xyuas tus tsim.
Yog tias muaj qhov sib txawv, lawv yuav tsum tau nthuav tawm rau tus tsim thawj zaug tshuaj xyuas. Thaum kawg ntawm kev sib dhos, kev sim ib txwm yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm tus xa khoom.
Qhov tshwm sim yog tus qauv kuaj tag nrho, rau qhov chaw tsim khoom qub tau ua cov qauv kuaj xyuas, thiab cov chaw tsim khoom kawg tau ua cov kev tshuaj xyuas niaj hnub.
cov txheej txheem no muab kev ntseeg tau zoo dua rau cov neeg siv kawg piv rau "Ib feem Hom Tshuaj Xyuas" txoj hauv kev uas tau muab los ntawm IEC60439 series dhau los.
Txoj Kev Xav Tau
Yuav kom lub tshuab sib dhos lossis lub tshuab hloov pauv kom ua tau raws li cov qauv, cov kev xav tau sib txawv. Cov kev cai no muaj ob hom:
- Kev tsim kho.
- Productive.
Kev tsim cov txheej txheem sib dhos yuav tsum ua kom tau raws li cov cai no raws li lub luag haujlwm ntawm tus tsim khoom qub.
Txhim kho ntawm switchboard
Qhov no yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas yuav tsum tau ua raws li cov lus qhia. Cov ntaub ntawv no yuav tsum muab ntim nrog cov khoom thaum lub sijhawm yuav khoom. Nrog rau qhov zoo thiab nkag siabschemes, xws li installation hloov mus rau hauv kev ua haujlwm nkaus xwb thiab tsis muaj qhov nyuaj. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, thaum pib, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los xyuas kom meej qhov tseeb ntawm tag nrho cov kev sib txuas ntawm ib tus neeg siv pawg thiab kev ntseeg siab ntawm kev sib txuas. Txhawm rau pib, koj yuav tsum tau ntim txhua yam thiab npaj cov cuab yeej tsim nyog ntxiv.
Kev sib dhos ntawm cov ntaub thaiv npog nws tus kheej tsuas yog ua tom qab xaim hauv chav lossis chaw ua haujlwm raws li cov lus qhia. Qhov kawg ntawm cov khoom ntawm txhua pab pawg yog cim, muab tso rau hauv qab rau hauv ib tug pre-mounted ntaub thaiv npog thiab bifurcated los yog rastered, nyob ntawm seb yuav tsum tau.
Power input yog los ntawm saum toj no. DIN rails yog tsim nyob rau hauv daim ntaub thaiv. Tom qab ntawd, xoom thiab hauv av log tsheb thiab lub thawv sorting rau theem cable raug ntsia. Cov cuab yeej kev nyab xeeb yog mounted los ntawm sab saum toj mus rau hauv qab thiab los ntawm sab laug mus rau sab xis nrog lawv synchronous kev twb kev txuas raws li daim duab. Cov xov hlau xoom tau muab tso rau hauv lub log tsheb N, thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv av nyab xeeb - rau hauv PE.
Thaum lub sijhawm teeb tsa ntawm daim ntaub thaiv npog, nws yuav tsum tau saib xyuas cov xim sib piv ntawm cov khoom rau nws lub hom phiaj multifunctional: dawb - theem, xiav - xoom, daj-ntsuab - kev nyab xeeb hauv av. Cov txheej txheem no yuav ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tshem tawm ntau yam yuam kev.
Raws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev sib txuas sab hauv thiab kev teeb tsa hauv Circuit Court, sorting board tej zaum yuav muaj cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv, RCD, keyboards, xoom thiab cov log tsheb loj, lub ntsuas dej ntws thiab lwm yam khoom siv.
Tsis muaj qhov zam, txhua yam khoom siv tshiab muaj qhov dav dav,ntau ntawm ib tus nqi - module (18 millimeters). Yog li, ib lub unipolar apparatus yog 18 hli, piv txwv li ib ntu, bipolar 36 millimeters - ob, thiab lwm yam. Ib theem RCD muaj qhov dav ntawm 2 modules, peb theem ib - 4. Qhov kev tsim no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm xaiv ib qho steel shield raws li tus naj npawb ntawm ntu thiab hom hu rau cov khoom siv.
Cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke yog tsim nyob rau hauv ib qho niche thiab tom qab ntawd smeared nrog cov cement. Qhov tob ntawm kev sau yuav tsum tau teem raws li qhov teev ntawm daim ntaub thaiv npog, suav nrog cov phab ntsa thickness.
Cov tsheb npav hauv av thiab nruab nrab yog tooj liab daim hlau nrog lub qhov thiab cov ntsia hlau kom ruaj ntseg txuas cov xov hlau. Lawv tuaj yeem ntsia tau rau hauv ib qho tshwj xeeb tshav kub-insulating thaiv vaj tse nrog DIN-rail mounting foundations.
Thaum muab tso rau hauv chav tsev, cov vaj huam sib luag modular ua rau nws muaj peev xwm khaws tau qhov zoo nkauj ntawm kev kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv. Txhawm rau txhim kho cov cuab yeej hauv qab phab ntsa ntawm cov khoom sib cais, tshwj xeeb hlau contour profiles raug tsim - DIN rails.
Qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas ntawm kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov tuam txhab sib txawv tuaj yeem sib txawv ntawm qhov dav thiab qhov siab. Yog li ntawd, thaum tau txais cov cuab yeej no, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tsom tsis yog rau cov khoom lag luam, tab sis kuj ntawm lawv cov nplais rectilinear. Qhov no yuav ua rau cov vaj huam sib luag kev nyab xeeb siv tau zoo los muab qhov zoo nkauj sab nraum zoov.
Twb tau tom qab kev teeb tsa ntawm cov cuab yeej siv thiab ua tiav hauv vaj huam sib luag hluav taws xob, lub vaj huam sib luag hlau lossis yas tau nruab rau saum nws,nkaum cov cuab yeej terminals, cable thiab DIN rail thiab tiv thaiv kev sib cuag nrog cov khoom nqa tam sim no. Slots yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub vaj huam sib luag, muab visibility ntawm cov khoom siv thiab nkag mus rau lawv cov kev tswj. Qhov chaw seem ntawm lub qhov yog npog nrog cov yas ntsaws.
Thaum sib sau ua ke pawg thawj coj, tag nrho cov xov hlau yog thawj zaug nkag rau hauv nws, uas yuav tsum tau cim los ntawm txhua txoj kev. Qhov no tshem tawm feem ntau ntawm qhov yuam kev ua thaum sib dhos. Rau lub hom phiaj ntawm kev kos, raws li txoj cai, daim kab xev npog nrog cov lej lossis ntau xim hluav taws xob daim kab xev yog siv.
Rau cov ceg ntawm cov xaim theem, koj tuaj yeem siv cov txheej txheem txheeb xyuas uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm txuas cov neeg sib txawv ntawm kev txiav thiab lav kev tiv thaiv los ntawm kev kov cov khoom nqa tam sim no ua tsaug rau lub npog uas hloov tau. Lub cev ntawm chav tsev no yog ua los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas ruaj khov rau cov cua sov thiab muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo heev.
Thaum sib txuas lus, kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau tsom mus rau qhov tseeb kev sib txuas ntawm RCD. Qhov yuam kev nrov tshaj plaws yog suav tias yog nws qhov kev sib txuas rau ib pawg hauv Circuit Court uas muaj kev sib txuas ntawm xoom ua haujlwm tus neeg xyuas pib nrog qhib qhov hluav taws xob ntawm qhov hluav taws xob installation.
Short sequence
Kev teeb tsa ntawm pawg thawj coj saib muaj cov txheej txheem hauv qab no:
- txhim kho lub thawv hlau ntawm qhov xav tau ntim;
- cim cov xaim xaim xaim nrog cov ntawv xaj ntawm qeb thiab ntu tus lej, thiab txuas nrog cov sib txuaskhoom siv;
- Kev taw qhia ntawm cov cim ua ntej rau hauv qhov muag thiab tua lawv qhov kawg;
- tsim kom muaj qhov kev txiav txim ntawm kev tso chaw ntawm kev nyab xeeb raws li lub tswv yim rau faib cov neeg siv khoom rau hauv pab pawg;
- kho DIN rails thiab txuas ib qho los ntawm ib qho raws li daim duab;
- cim txhua lub cuab yeej nrog tus lej tshuaj ntawm qeb uas nws tshwj xeeb txhawm rau zam qhov ua yuam kev;
- tswj qhov raug ntawm txhua qhov kev sib txuas raws li kev kos npe ntawm cov xov hlau nkag thiab kev tiv thaiv ntawm txhua pab pawg.
Tom qab kev teeb tsa tiav lawm, cov pob khoom ntawm tib lub npe yuav tsum tau nruj nrog kev sib raug zoo tshwj xeeb thiab muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw dawb ntawm daim ntaub thaiv.
Kev npaj ntawm RCD ua haujlwm tuaj yeem kuaj tau siv tus yuam sij tswj, uas tau muab nrog txhua qhov kev nyab xeeb kaw. Thaum nws raug nias, ib qho hluav taws xob xau tam sim no rau hauv av yog tsim, uas yuav tsum qhib kev suav nrog cov cuab yeej ua haujlwm.
