Txhua 18650 qhov loj me (form factor) roj teeb muaj lawv qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo. Yog li ntawd, nws yog qhov nyuaj los tham txog qhov twg 18650 roj teeb zoo dua. Nws yog qhov teeb meem ntawm tus kheej nyiam thiab cov kev cai uas koj tso rau ntawm lub roj teeb. Roj teeb specifications thiab nta nyob ntawm seb hom chemistry (electrolyte) siv.
tiv thaiv thiab tsis tiv thaiv lithium-ion roj teeb
Ua ntej, cia peb saib qhov sib txawv ntawm 18650 roj teeb uas muaj kev tiv thaiv thiab tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv. Qhov twg ntawm ob hom no zoo dua yuav pom meej tom qab txheeb xyuas cov ntsiab lus no. Cov roj teeb tiv thaiv (Protected) yog cov roj teeb uas muaj lub rooj tsav xwm me me (tus tswj hwm tus nqi) "sewn" rau hauv rooj plaub, uas muaj peb txoj haujlwm tsim nyog tshaj plaws: kev tiv thaiv luv luv, tiv thaiv kev sib sib zog nqus tawm thiab tshaj qhov tso cai tam sim no thaum them nyiaj. Nrog rau cov kev tiv thaiv, kuj muaj cov tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv.(Tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv) roj teeb uas tsis muaj lub rooj tsavxwm sab hauv. Cov no yuav tsum tau ua nrog kev saib xyuas zoo, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum khiav lawv nrog kev tiv thaiv qis heev.
Raws li cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm lub roj teeb uas tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv, nws tuaj yeem ua kom tsis zoo mus tas li lossis tawg yooj yim. Koj tuaj yeem paub tias lub roj teeb muaj kev tiv thaiv los ntawm kev nyeem cov ntawv me me ntawm nws rooj plaub. Luv Circuit Court txhais ua lus Askiv yuav luv luv-circuit, tiv thaiv-kev tiv thaiv. Yog tias koj ntsib ob lo lus ntawm tib kab, ces koj tuaj yeem paub tseeb tias muaj kev tiv thaiv. Tsis tas li ntawd, tus kheej lo lus Tiv Thaiv lossis Tiv Thaiv yuav hais tib yam. Hmoov tsis zoo, tsis yog txhua lub roj teeb sau txog qhov muaj tus cawm seej me ntsis hauv nws. Xwb, koj tuaj yeem siv kev tshawb nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv roj teeb los ntawm cov neeg muag khoom lossis hauv Is Taws Nem. Yog tias koj muab kev nyab xeeb rau ntawm lub hauv ntej thaum xaiv lub roj teeb, ces cov lus teb rau cov lus nug uas 18650 roj teeb yog qhov zoo dua yuav pom tseeb.
Li-ion roj teeb kev tiv thaiv
Ntxiv rau qhov kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob sab hauv ntawm lub roj teeb, kuj tseem muaj kev tiv thaiv kev siv tshuab tsis siv lub rooj tsavxwm. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov kev tiv thaiv no yog txo mus rau ib tug neeg kho tshuab tawg nyob rau hauv lub Circuit Court (kev ua hauj lwm ntawm ib tug neeg kho tshuab hloov) nyob rau hauv lub roj teeb raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm ntau tshaj ib tug tej yam kev mob ntawm lub sab hauv siab, uas, qhov tseeb, ua rau ib tug tawg. Qhov no de-energizes lub roj teeb. Yog hais tias lub siab tseem pheej loj tuaj, ces lub valve tshwj xeeb yuav qhib, uas rho tawm cov electrolyte tawm. Lub tshuab hloov kho nws tus kheej yog qhov dav heev raws li kev ntsuas kev nyab xeeb ntxiv hauv ntau lub roj teeb, ua nrog lossis tsis muaj tus tswj hwm (board). Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, lub xub ntiag ntawm mechanical tiv thaiv tej zaum yuav tsis hais nyob qhov twg nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov, los yog nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv, los yog nyob rau hauv cov lus piav qhia ntawm lub technical yam ntxwv nyob rau hauv lub khw. Hauv qhov no, koj tsuas yog yuav tsum nkag siab tias cov roj teeb uas muaj cov tshuaj tsis ruaj khov yuav tsis raug tso tseg tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom zoo. Txawm hais tias cov khoom siv hluav taws xob raug suav hais tias yog tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv, nws yuav muaj qee qhov kev siv tshuab tsawg kawg nkaus.
Li-ion roj teeb muaj peev xwm
Roj teeb muaj peev xwm tau qhia hauv milliamps ib teev (mAh lossis mAh) thiab tseem pab koj txiav txim siab seb lub roj teeb 18650 yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau kev siv nrog koj lub cuab yeej. Qhov siab dua tus nqi no, lub roj teeb yuav kav ntev mus txog thaum nws tawm tag nrho. Milliamp ib teev yog ib qho derivative ntawm "amps ib teev" (1 Ah=1000 mAh) siv rau cov roj teeb me me. Yog tsis tau mus rau hauv physics, tus nqi no characterizes lub peev xwm lub zog ntawm lub roj teeb tam sim no, uas nws yuav tsum tau muab tawm rau ib teev nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tau tag nrho cov tawm. Ntawm chav kawm, nws yuav tsis muab tawm xws li ib tug muaj zog tam sim no, tab sis los ntawm tus nqi no ib tug tau yooj yim txiav txim nws lub peev xwm. Nrog kev pab los ntawm kev suav yooj yim, koj tuaj yeem paub seb lub roj teeb tam sim no yuav ua haujlwm li cas rau ob peb teev ua haujlwm, raws likev sib npaug - tus naj npawb ntawm amperes hauv ib teev. Qhov siab dua tus nqi ampere, lub roj teeb ntev dua tuaj yeem ua haujlwm nrog tib lub zog.
tam sim no tso zis ntawm lithium-ion roj teeb
cov zis tam sim no yog lwm qhov ntsuas uas qhia lub roj teeb. Ntawm cov ntaub ntawv roj teeb, cov zis tam sim no raug cim los ntawm lub zog tam sim no - ampere (A). Qhov ntau amps, lub roj teeb muaj zog yuav "kib". Cov roj teeb uas muaj amperes siab yog suav tias yog tam sim no siab (High ntws). Nws yog tus naj npawb ntawm amperes uas txiav txim siab qhov twg high-tam sim no 18650 roj teeb zoo dua. Txawm li cas los xij, cov roj teeb no muaj lub peev xwm me me. Qhov qis dua qhov kev tiv thaiv uas lub roj teeb yuav tsum ua haujlwm, qhov ntau tam sim no nws yuav tsum tau muab. Thiab qhov txwv ntawm qhov kev xa rov qab no nyob ntawm tus nqi piav qhia.
Lub peev xwm ntawm lub roj teeb txiav txim siab lub zog ntawm lub sijhawm tam sim no, thiab cov zis tam sim no qhia txog qhov txwv no. Raws li ob qhov kev txwv no, koj tuaj yeem suav cov roj teeb lub neej ntev tshaj plaws nrog lub zog siab tshaj plaws rau nws. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab tias yog tias qhov tam sim no xav tau rau ib lub cuab yeej tshwj xeeb yog ntau dua li qhov siab tshaj plaws tam sim no tso tawm ntawm lub roj teeb uas cov cuab yeej no ua haujlwm, ces qhov no yuav yog ib qho overload rau lub roj teeb. Lub neej ua haujlwm ntawm lub roj teeb nrog kev ua haujlwm tas li hauv lub nra hnyav tau txo qis heev.
Ohm txoj cai raws li ib txoj hauv kev los nrhiav seb 18650 roj teeb twg zoo dua ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ua haujlwm
Paub qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob thiab qhov tsis kam ntawm lub cuab yeej, koj tuaj yeem suav cov zis tam sim no,siv Ohm txoj cai:
I=U / R qhov kuv tam sim no hauv amps (A), U yog qhov hluav taws xob hauv volts (V), R yog qhov tsis kam hauv ohms (Ohm).
Ntawd yog, koj yuav tsum faib cov roj teeb hluav taws xob los ntawm qhov tsis kam ntawm cov cuab yeej kawg. Siv cov qauv, koj tuaj yeem tiv thaiv lub roj teeb los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntau dhau ntawm kev ua haujlwm, thiab yeej los ntawm qhov luv luv. Ohmmeters yog siv los ntsuas qhov tsis kam. Paub seb yuav ua li cas cov kev suav yooj yim no yuav pab koj txiav txim siab seb lub roj teeb 18650 yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau kev siv nrog ib lub cuab yeej tshwj xeeb.
Txhua 18650 daim ntawv roj teeb tau ntsuas ntawm 3.7 volts. Tab sis tus nqi no feem ntau yog qhov sib txawv thiab nyob ntawm theem ntawm cov roj teeb tawm. Qhov ntau nws tawm, qhov tsawg volts nws tsim.
Hom roj teeb lithium-ion
Qhov twg 18650 roj teeb xaiv, thiab qhov twg zoo dua - nyob ntawm qhov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb. Kev paub txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm ntau hom chemistry yuav pab kom nkag siab qhov teeb meem no. Hauv qab no yog hom nrov tshaj plaws ntawm 18650 roj teeb chemistry:
- Lithium Cob alt - ICR, NCR, LiCoO2 (Lithium Cob alt Oxide).
- Lithium manganese – IMR, INR, NMC, LiMnO2, LiMn2O4, LiNiMnCoO2 (Lithium Manganese Oxide).
- Lithium hlau phosphate (ferrophosphate) - LFP, IFR, LiFePO 4 (Lithium Iron Phosphate).
Cov npe ntawm cov roj teeb yog ntau hom roj teeb lithium-ion, uas yog, ua los ntawm lithium-ion thev naus laus zis.
Cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no nrog cov lus piav qhia ntawm hom chemistry yuav pab koj txiav txim siab uas 18650 Li-ion roj teeb zoo tshaj.
Kev laus, cia thiab ua haujlwm kub ntawm lithium-ion roj teeb
Txhua lithium-ion fais fab khoom siv hnub nyoog. Nws tsis muaj teeb meem yog tias lawv siv tag nrho. Nws ntseeg tau tias tom qab ob peb xyoos txij li hnub tsim khoom, nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, lawv tuaj yeem raug pov tseg kom nyab xeeb. Txhua xyoo, lub roj teeb poob kwv yees li 10% ntawm nws lub peev xwm nominal, yog li nws raug nquahu kom nrhiav cov hnub tsim khoom ua ntej yuav. Nrog rau kev laus, cov roj teeb lithium muaj lwm qhov tsis zoo - lawv tsis tuaj yeem khaws cia rau hauv lub xeev tawm mus ntev, qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau lawv puas. Cov roj teeb kuj raug cuam tshuam los ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Cov roj ntsha lithium-ion muaj qhov ua haujlwm qis qis - los ntawm -20 degrees txog +20 degrees Celsius. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias kev siv lossis them nyiaj rau lawv nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ze rau qhov txwv tsis pub yuav cuam tshuam rau electrolyte.
Lithium cob alt roj teeb
Lithium cob alt roj teeb muaj peev xwm tshaj plaws. Lithium-cob alt chemistry yog qhov tsis ruaj khov, yog li nws yuav tsum tau siv nrog kev saib xyuas. Qhov ua tau ntawm kev them nyiaj ceev yuav tsum tsis txhob tso cai thaum siv lub zog los yog delta V them txoj kev. Nrog rau qhov kev them nqi no, lub roj teeb ruaj khov tuaj yeem them tag nrho hauv ib teev. Lithium-cob alt yog qhov txaus ntshai rau kev them nqi li no. Tsis tas li ntawd, tsis txhob siv lub roj teeb lithium-cob alt nrog cov khoom ntawdnws tuaj yeem tso tawm tsawg dua 30 feeb. Rau lub roj teeb nrog cov tshuaj no tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv, ob qho tib si yuav ignite cov electrolyte.
Tshuaj raws li kev siv tshuab lithium-cob alt tau pom muaj koob meej ntawm 18650 e-luam yeeb roj teeb. Uas yog cov chaw tsim khoom zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov roj teeb hauv pawg no los xaiv, nws raug nquahu kom saib cov kev txheeb xyuas. Vim muaj qee yam tsis ruaj khov, cov roj teeb no yuav tsum tau xaiv kom zoo.
Tus nqi pib rau tus nqi ntawm lithium-cob alt roj teeb yog ciam teb ntawm 4.2 volts. Dhia roj teeb voltage tshaj qhov txwv no yuav txhais tau tias overcharge, uas yog kev poob siab heev. Kev siv cov chargers muaj zog heev cuam tshuam rau lithium-cob alt chemistry. Qhov no ua rau lub roj teeb puas thiab tib lub sijhawm ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm hluav taws xob thiab tawg ntawm electrolyte. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los siv cov chargers siab heev nrog lub peev xwm los kho cov khoom siv tam sim no thiab siv cov chaw sib txawv rau kev them nyiaj. Txoj kev them nqi zoo tshaj plaws ntawm no yuav yog CC / CV algorithm - qhov tam sim no tsis tu ncua, qhov tsis tu ncua (tsis tu ncua tam sim no / qhov hluav taws xob tsis tu ncua).
Cov roj teeb Cob alt cuam tshuam tsis zoo xwb los ntawm kev tshaj tawm, tab sis kuj los ntawm kev tso tawm ntau dhau. Qhov siab tshaj plaws rau kev tso tawm yog 3 volts. Yog tias koj txuas ntxiv ua haujlwm ntawm cob alt tom qab ncav cuag qhov hluav taws xob ntawm lub roj teeb, nws yuav ua rau nws lwj, ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm ignition. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob ua haujlwm ntawm cob alt tom qab 3.5 volts. Kev sib raug zoo rau lithium-cob alt chemistryyuav tsum ceev faj tshaj plaws. Overcharging, overdischarging, ntau dhau ohms ntawm kev tso tawm, kev puas tsuaj rau lub cev yuav ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj ntawm chemistry, uas thaum kawg yuav ua rau tawg. Nyob rau hauv cov rooj plaub uas muaj tam sim no siab heev ib tug nqi thiab tsawg heev kuj, nws yuav tshwm sim tam sim ntawd. Nickel-cob alt chemistry yog tshuaj lom heev. Thaum ignited, nws tso cov pa uas ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau kev noj qab haus huv thiab tuaj yeem ua rau tuag taus yog tias nqus tau.
Lithium manganese roj teeb
roj teeb lithium-manganese yog cov nyiam tshaj plaws, feem ntau yog vim muaj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm lawv cov chemistry uas yuav luag zoo ib yam rau cov roj teeb cob alt. Yog li ntawd, ntau lub roj teeb manganese tsis muaj tus tswj hwm, thiab tib lub sijhawm, cov tuam txhab lag luam txaus siab dai tus chij "kev nyab xeeb" rau lawv.
Manganese roj teeb muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm ntev thiab ntsiag to hauv kev thauj khoom (nrog rau ohm tsawg heev). Qhov no, ntawm chav kawm, tsis zoo nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, tab sis tsis zoo li cob alt ntsiab, manganese sawv daws yuav kav ntev npaum li cas nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no. Manganese cov ntsiab lus muaj qhov sib npaug zoo ntawm lub peev xwm thiab lub zog, tab sis poob rau cob alt hauv lub peev xwm. Cov kev ceev faj rau them IMR roj teeb yuav luag zoo ib yam li cov roj teeb cob alt. Qhov siab tshaj plaws yog 4.2 volts. Kev siv cov hluav taws xob siab rau ib qho nqi yuav tsis tawg cov electrolyte, tab sis nws yuav ua rau nws lwj heev. Thiab qhov no, ntawm chav kawm, nyob ntawm lub zog ntawm cov khoom siv tam sim no. Qhov muaj zog nws yog, qhov kev them nyiaj sai yuav tshwm sim, tab sis qhov phem dua nws yuav yog rau chemistry. Txoj kev them nyiaj pom zoo yog CC / CV. Lwm ntxivmanganese hlwb nyob rau hauv uas lawv muaj peev xwm tiv taus ib tug sib sib zog nqus paug ntawm 2.5 volts. Ua li ntawd, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob nqa roj teeb manganese ntau zaus rau lub xeev zoo li no.
hom electrolyte no kuj yog qhov tshwm sim los ntawm qhov tsis muaj qhov cuam tshuam. Qhov no yog vim kev siv graphite ua cov khoom siv anode. Nyob rau hauv ib qho kev ua haujlwm tseem ceeb (tsis tshua muaj kev tiv thaiv lossis siab heev tam sim no), txawm tias lub roj teeb uas tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv yuav tsim cov roj, tab sis yuav tsis tawg lossis tawg.
Feem ntau, vim lawv qhov kev ua haujlwm nruab nrab, 18650 lithium-manganese roj teeb tau zoo dua hauv kev ua haujlwm. Cov roj teeb twg ntawm pawg no xaiv, koj yuav tsum saib hauv kev tshuaj xyuas nyias nyias rau txhua tus neeg tsim khoom.
Lithium hlau phosphate roj teeb
Lithium hlau phosphate (ferrophosphate) yog qhov nyab xeeb tshaj plaws ntawm tsev neeg lithium-ion roj teeb. Qhov no yog lawv lub ntsiab sib txawv. Kev ruaj ntseg ntawm chemistry ntawm LFP roj teeb tseem zoo dua li cov roj teeb manganese. Qhov no yog vim kev siv hlau phosphate cathode, uas muaj thermal stability zoo heev thiab tsis muaj tshuaj lom. Yuav luag txhua lub roj teeb hlau phosphate tsis tau nruab nrog lub tshuab hluav taws xob, thiab nws yuav siv zog ntau los coj lawv mus rau qhov tawg lossis hluav taws tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj rau lub cev. Lawv tuaj yeem daws kev tsim txom tau zoo, xws li kev tiv thaiv qis heev.
Ferrophosphate hlwb muaj lub neej ua haujlwm siab tshaj plaws (2000 lub voj voog tawm) ntawm lithium-ion. Los ntawmcons - muaj peev xwm tsawg, txog 50% qis dua li ntawm cov roj teeb cob alt, thiab li 15% qis dua li ntawm cov roj teeb manganese. Lwm qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov roj teeb no yog qhov ruaj khov ntawm qhov hluav taws xob thaum siv, uas hloov pauv nyob ze ntawm ciam teb ntawm 3.2 volts kom txog thaum tso tawm. Cov cuab yeej no muab cov roj teeb ferrophosphate zoo dua rau kev siv lawv hauv kev sib txuas ua ke (yog tias cov roj teeb tau sib sau ua ke hauv Circuit Court, uas yog, hauv lub roj teeb). Hlau-phosphate roj teeb muaj qhov tso zis tam sim no qis dua li lawv cov khoom siv hauv chemistry, tab sis cov tam sim no siab kuj tuaj yeem pom ntawm lawv. Cov roj teeb hlau phosphate muaj hnub nyoog qis dua li lwm cov roj teeb lithium-ion, tab sis raws li tau piav qhia saum toj no, lawv yuav tsum tsis txhob muab khoob.
Thaum nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv hais txog qhov twg 18650 roj teeb yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau lub teeb nyem lossis lub xov tooj cua tswj cov qauv, nws raug nquahu kom xaiv cov roj teeb nrog cov tshuaj no. Vim yog cov khoom tau piav qhia saum toj no, lawv zoo meej rau kev siv hauv cov roj teeb ntawm cov khoom siv no.
Cov tshuaj ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob no tso cai rau koj kom them nyiaj nyab xeeb siv txoj hauv kev nrawm. Ferrophosphate roj teeb muaj peev xwm tiv taus ntau dhau. Raws li kev tso tawm, nws qhov siab tshaj plaws tso cai txwv yog 2 volts. Thaum kawg ntawm kev ua haujlwm, lub roj teeb ruaj khov yuav poob qis. Kev tso tawm ntau zaus hauv qab qhov kev txwv no yuav ua rau lub roj teeb puas sai sai.
Tau kawg
Qhov no yog qhov kawg ntawm cov lus piav qhia ntawm cov cim roj teeb, cov yam ntxwv ntawm 18650, qhov twg zoo dua, thiab ntau hom tshuaj lom neeg. Peb vam tias cov ntaub ntawv no yuav pab tautxiav txim siab seb lub roj teeb twg haum rau ib qho khoom siv tshwj xeeb. Cov lus pom zoo thiab cov yam ntxwv tau muab los ntawm no yog muab rau hauv cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb. Tag nrho cov rooj sab laj, cov vev xaib thiab txawm tias phau ntawv tau mob siab rau cov roj teeb. Cov ntaub ntawv tiav tshaj plaws txog lawv tsis tuaj yeem muab tso rau hauv ib tsab xov xwm. Peb tsis tau hais txog qhov tseeb tias yuav kawm lawv koj yuav tsum paub ntau cov ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb thiab electrochemistry feem ntau.
