POP3 Chaw nres nkoj (Post Office raws tu qauv) yog tus txheej txheem Internet daim ntawv thov txheej txheej raws tu qauv siv los ntawm cov neeg siv e-mail hauv zos los muab cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm cov chaw taws teeb tswj kev sib txuas ntawm TCP / IP.
POP3 yog siv los txuas rau lub chaw xa ntawv nyob deb nroog thiab rub tawm email rau tus neeg xa ntawv hauv zos. Yog tias koj nkag mus rau tib tus account los ntawm ntau yam khoom siv, nws yog ib lub tswv yim zoo kom khaws cov ntawv luam tawm, vim tias koj lub cuab yeej thib ob yuav tsis rub tawm email yog tias thawj tus twb tau muab tshem tawm lawm. Nws tseem tsim nyog hais tias POP3 yog ib txoj kev sib txuas lus ib-txoj kev, uas txhais tau hais tias cov ntaub ntawv tau muab los ntawm cov chaw taws teeb tswj thiab xa mus rau cov neeg siv khoom hauv zos.
POP3 chaw nres nkoj thev naus laus zis txheej txheem
Cov txheej txheem POP txhawb nqa rub tawm thiab tshem tawm cov cai rau kev nkag mus rau cov chaw xa ntawv nyob deb (hu ua maildrop hauv POP RFC). Thaum cov neeg siv feem ntau muaj peev xwm tawm hauv xa ntawv ntawm lub server tom qab rub tawm, email daim ntawv thov siv POP feem ntautxuas, tau txais tag nrho cov lus, txuag lawv rau tus neeg siv lub PC raws li cov lus tshiab, tshem tawm ntawm lub server, thiab tom qab ntawd txiav tawm.
Lwm cov txheej txheem xws li IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol) muab kev ua tiav ntau dua thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov chaw taws teeb nkag mus rau kev ua haujlwm hauv mailbox. Thaum xyoo 1990s thiab thaum ntxov 2000s, ISPs tsawg dua tau txais kev txhawb nqa IMAP vim qhov chaw cia khoom xav tau ntawm ISP's hardware.
Cov neeg siv email niaj hnub txhawb POP. Thaum lub sij hawm, nrov email software ntxiv kev txhawb nqa rau IMAP.
Specifications
Lub server tab tom khiav ntawm qhov chaw nres nkoj paub 110. POP3 SSL chaw nres nkoj yog tus qauv tshiab tshaj plaws hauv kev siv. Kev sib txuas lus encrypted rau cov txheej txheem yog thov siv STLS lossis POP3S cov lus txib, uas txuas rau lub server siv Transport Layer Security (TLS) lossis Secure Sockets Layer (SSL).
Muaj cov lus rau tus neeg siv khoom raug ntes thaum POP3 chaw nres nkoj server qhib lub mailbox thiab raug txheeb xyuas tawm tsam tus xov tooj los ntawm kev sib tham-hauv zos tus cim tshwj xeeb tau muab rau cov lus. Qhov teeb tsa no tsis tu ncua thiab tshwj xeeb rau maildrop thiab tso cai rau tus neeg siv nkag mus rau tib cov lus hauv ntau ntu. Xa ntawv tau muab thiab cim rau kev tshem tawm los ntawm tus xov tooj. Thaum tus neeg siv khoom nkag tawm ntawm qhov kev sib tham, xa ntawv cim rau kev tshem tawm raug tshem tawm ntawm lub maildrop.
keeb kwm thiab cov ntaub ntawv
Thawjlub version (POP1) tau teev tseg hauv RFC 918 (1984), POP2 hauv RFC 937 (1985). POP3 tau pib los ntawm RFC 1081 (1988). Nws tam sim no RFC 1939 specification tau hloov kho nrog RFC 2449 extension mechanism thiab authentication mechanism hauv RFC 1734.
POP3 tam sim no txhawb ntau txoj hauv kev kom paub tseeb los muab ntau qib kev tiv thaiv kev nkag mus rau tus neeg siv email tsis raug cai. Feem ntau ntawm cov no yog muab los ntawm POP3 extension mechanisms. Cov neeg siv khoom txhawb nqa SASL authentication txoj hauv kev los ntawm AUTH txuas ntxiv. MIT Athena project kuj tau tso tawm ib qho version ntawm Kerberized. RFC 1460 qhia APOP rau cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb. APOP yog qhov kev sib tw / teb raws tu qauv uas siv MD5 hash muaj nuj nqi kom tsis txhob rov sim dua thiab ua txhaum cai ntiag tug.
POP4 tsuas yog tshwm sim raws li qhov kev thov tsis raug cai ntxiv kev tswj hwm cov ntaub ntawv yooj yim, kev txhawb nqa rau ntau cov lus, thiab kev tswj hwm tus chij kom sib tw nrog IMAP. POP4 version tsis tau tsim txij li xyoo 2003.
Extensions thiab Specifications
Ib lub tswv yim tau thov hauv RFC 2449 kom haum rau kev txuas ntxiv nrog rau kev txhawb nqa rau cov lus txib ntxiv xws li TOP thiab UIDL. RFC tsis npaj siab txhawb kev txuas ntxiv thiab tau lees paub tias lub luag haujlwm ntawm POP3 yog los muab kev txhawb nqa yooj yim feem ntau yog rub tawm thiab tshem tawm cov txheej txheem xa ntawv.
Extensions yog hu ua cov yam ntxwv hauv cov ntaub ntawv raug cai thiab raug teev los ntawm pab pawg CAPA. Tsuas yog APOP, xaiv taucov lus txib tau muab tso rau hauv qhov kev teeb tsa thawj zaug.
STARTTLS thiab SDPS txuas ntxiv
Qhov kev txuas ntxiv no tso cai rau koj siv Cov Txheej Txheem Thauj Khoom Kev Ruaj Ntseg lossis Kev Ruaj Ntseg Txheej Txheej Txheej Txheej Txheej Txheem siv STLS cov lus txib ntawm tus qauv POP3 chaw nres nkoj, tsis yog lwm txoj hauv kev. Qee cov neeg siv khoom thiab cov servers siv txoj kev hloov chaw nres nkoj, uas siv TCP chaw nres nkoj 995 (POP3S).
Demon Internet tau qhia txog qhov txuas ntxiv rau POP3 uas tso cai rau ntau tus account kom txuas rau tib lub npe, thiab dhau los ua lub npe hu ua Standard POP3 Dial-Up Service (SDPS). Txhawm rau nkag mus rau txhua tus account, tus ID nkag mus suav nrog lub npe host, xws li john @ hostname lossis john + hostname.
Kerberized Post Office raws tu qauv
Thaum suav, cov neeg siv email hauv zos tuaj yeem siv Kerberized Post Office Protocol (KPOP) Internet raws tu qauv kom tau txais email los ntawm cov chaw taws teeb tswj kev sib txuas ntawm TCP / IP. KPOP raws tu qauv yog raws li POP3 raws tu qauv nrog qhov sib txawv uas nws ntxiv Kerberos kev ruaj ntseg thiab khiav ntawm TCP chaw nres nkoj tooj 1109 es tsis txhob ntawm 110 los ntawm lub neej ntawd.
Sib piv nrog IMAP
POP3 Qhov chaw nres nkoj SSL yog ib txoj cai yooj yim dua uas ua kom yooj yim rau kev siv. Xa ntawv txav cov lus los ntawm email server mus rau koj lub computer hauv zos, txawm hais tias feem ntau nws tuaj yeem tso cov lus ntawm email server.
IMAP los ntawm lub neej ntawd tso cov lus ntawm email server los ntawm kev rub tawm yooj yimluam hauv zos.
POP kho lub thawv xa ntawv raws li ib lub khw thiab tsis muaj lub tswv yim ntawm cov folders.
Ib tus neeg siv IMAP ua cov lus nug nyuaj, nug cov neeg rau zaub mov rau lub taub hau lossis cov ntsiab lus ntawm qee cov lus, lossis tshawb nrhiav cov lus uas phim qee yam. Cov lus hauv lub chaw xa ntawv tuaj yeem raug cim nrog ntau yam xwm txheej chij (xws li "deleted" lossis "replies") thiab nyob twj ywm hauv qhov chaw cia kom txog thaum tus neeg siv qhia meej meej lawv tshem tawm.
IMAP yog tsim los tswj cov chaw xa ntawv nyob deb nroog zoo li lawv nyob hauv zos. Nyob ntawm qhov kev siv ntawm IMAP tus neeg siv khoom thiab cov ntawv xa ntawv xav tau los ntawm tus thawj tswj hwm qhov system, tus neeg siv yuav khaws cov lus ncaj qha rau ntawm tus neeg siv lub tshuab, lossis khaws cia rau hauv server, lossis lawv tau xaiv.
POP raws tu qauv xav kom tus neeg siv khoom txuas nrog tam sim no yog tib tus neeg siv txuas nrog lub thawv xa ntawv. Hauv qhov sib piv, IMAP tso cai rau tib lub sijhawm nkag los ntawm ntau tus neeg siv khoom thiab muab cov txheej txheem rau kev kuaj xyuas cov kev hloov pauv rau lub thawv xa ntawv los ntawm lwm cov neeg siv khoom sib txuas ib txhij.
Thaum POP tau txais cov lus, nws tau txais tag nrho nws cov khoom, qhov IMAP4 tso cai rau cov neeg siv khoom rho tawm ib qho ntawm MIME qhov sib cais - piv txwv li, kom tau txais cov ntawv dawb tsis tau txais cov ntawv txuas.
IMAP tuav cov chij ntawm lub server kom taug qab cov xwm txheej ntawm cov lus, xws li seb cov lus puas tau nyeem, teb, lossis tshem tawm.
POP thiab IMAP yog dab tsi thiab kuv yuav tsum siv tus email twg?
Yog tias koj tau teeb tsa tus email lossis daim ntawv thov, tej zaum koj tuaj yeem hla POP3, SMTP, thiab IMAP chaw nres nkoj. Koj puas nco qab koj xaiv qhov twg thiab vim li cas? Yog tias koj tsis paub meej tias cov ntsiab lus no txhais li cas thiab txhua qhov cuam tshuam rau koj tus email account, cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no yuav ua rau pom qhov teeb meem. Kab lus no piav qhia yuav ua li cas POP thiab IMAP ua haujlwm thiab yuav pab koj txiav txim siab seb qhov twg zoo tshaj plaws rau koj cov kev xav tau.
Ob qho email raws tu qauv tso cai rau koj nyeem emails hauv zos siv daim ntawv thov thib peb. Piv txwv li Outlook, Thunderbird, Eudora, GNUMail lossis (Mac) Mail.
Tus thawj txoj cai yog POP. Nws tau tsim nyob rau hauv 1984 raws li ib tug txhais tau tias mus download tau emails los ntawm ib tug tej thaj chaw deb server. IMAP tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1986 los muab cov chaw taws teeb nkag mus rau emails khaws cia ntawm lub chaw taws teeb chaw taws teeb. Qhov tseem ceeb, qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm ob txoj cai yog tias POP rub tawm emails los ntawm lub server rau kev khaws cia hauv zos mus tas li, thaum IMAP tso lawv ntawm tus neeg rau zaub mov thiab tsuas yog caches (ib ntus khw muag khoom) emails hauv zos. Hauv lwm lo lus, IMAP yog ib daim ntawv ntawm huab cia.
Qhov txawv ntawm POP thiab IMAP?
Ob txoj cai no yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los ntawm kev saib lawv cov haujlwm tseem ceeb.
POP Workflow:
- kev sib txuasrau lub server;
- receiving mail;
- chaw khaws ntaub ntawv;
- tshem tawm cov ntawv xov xwm los ntawm lub server;
- off.
POP tus cwj pwm tsis zoo yog tshem tawm cov ntawv los ntawm lub server. Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau cov neeg siv khoom kuj tseem muab cov kev xaiv tso tawm ib daim qauv ntawm cov ntawv rub tawm ntawm lub server.
Default POP3 ports:
- port 110 - chaw nres nkoj tsis tau nkag;
- port 995 - SSL / TLS chaw nres nkoj, tseem hu ua POP3S.
IMAP workflow:
- txuas rau server;
- khaws cov neeg siv cov ntsiab lus thov thiab cache hauv zos (cov npe ntawm email tshiab, cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov lus, lossis cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov emails xaiv);
- tuav cov neeg siv hloov pauv, xws li khij email raws li nyeem, tshem tawm cov ntaub ntawv;
- off.
Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, IMAP kev ua haujlwm yog qhov nyuaj dua li POP. Qhov tseem ceeb, cov qauv ntawv tais ceev tseg thiab email yog khaws cia rau ntawm lub server, thiab tsuas yog cov ntawv luam tau khaws cia hauv zos. Feem ntau, cov ntawv luam hauv zos no tau khaws cia ib ntus. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj chaw cia ruaj khov.
Default IMAP ports:
- port 143 - chaw nres nkoj tsis tau nkag;
- port 993 - SSL / TLS chaw nres nkoj, tseem hu ua IMAPS.
POP cov txiaj ntsig yog dab tsi?
Ua tus txheej txheem qub, POP ua raws li lub tswv yim yooj yim uas tsuas yog ib tus neeg siv khoom xav tau nkag mus rau cov ntawv xa tuaj ntawm lub server thiab cov ntawv xa tuaj zoo tshaj plaws hauv zos. Qhov no ua rau cov txiaj ntsig hauv qab no:
- mail yog khaws cia hauv zos, i.e. ib txwm muaj, txawm tias tsis muaj kev sib txuas rauInternet;
- Kev sib txuas hauv Is Taws Nem tsuas yog xav tau xa thiab txais ntawv;
- txuag chaw ntawm lub server;
- muaj peev xwm tso ib daim ntawv luam ntawm tus neeg rau zaub mov.
- sib sau ntau tus email account thiab servers rau hauv ib lub thawv xa ntawv.
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm IMAP yog dab tsi?
Raws li tau hais hauv qhov kev taw qhia, IMAP tau tsim los muab kev nkag mus rau cov chaw taws teeb rau emails khaws cia ntawm lub chaw taws teeb chaw taws teeb. Lub tswv yim yog kom tso cai rau ntau tus neeg siv lossis cov neeg siv los tswj tib lub mailbox. Txoj kev no, txawm hais tias koj siv lub cuab yeej twg los nkag rau hauv koj tus as khauj, koj yuav pom tib lub email thiab cov qauv ntawv tais ceev tseg raws li lawv khaws cia rau hauv lub server, thiab txhua qhov kev hloov pauv koj ua rau koj cov ntawv luam hauv zos tau synced tam sim ntawd rau lub server.
Vim li ntawd, IMAP muaj qhov zoo hauv qab no:
- mail khaws cia rau ntawm chaw taws teeb chaw taws teeb nkag tau los ntawm ntau qhov chaw;
- Kev sib txuas hauv Is Taws Nem yuav tsum nkag mus rau mail;
- nrawm dua li tsuas yog headers raug thauj mus txog thaum cov ntsiab lus tau thov meej;
- mail yog cia li cia yog tias tus neeg rau zaub mov raug tswj kom raug;
- khaws cia chaw cia hauv zos;
- muaj peev xwm khaws cov ntawv hauv zos.
Tus email raws tu qauv twg yog qhov zoo tshaj?
Kev xaiv raws tu qauv nyob ntawm koj qhov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb thiab qhov xwm txheej ua haujlwm tam sim no. Cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no yuav tsum pab koj txiav txim siab zaum kawg.solution.
Xaiv POP yog:
- Koj tsuas xav nkag koj cov ntawv los ntawm ib lub cuab yeej xwb.
- Koj xav tau kev nkag mus tas li rau koj tus email, txawm tias muaj Is Taws Nem.
- Koj muaj qhov txwv server cia.
Xaiv IMAP yog:
- Koj xav nkag mus rau koj tus email los ntawm ntau yam khoom siv.
- Koj muaj kev ntseeg siab thiab kev sib txuas hauv internet.
- Koj xav tau cov ntsiab lus nrawm ntawm email tshiab lossis emails ntawm server.
- Koj qhov chaw cia khoom muaj tsawg.
- Koj txhawj xeeb txog kev tuav koj tus email.
Yog tias tsis ntseeg, thov hu rau IMAP. Qhov no yog cov txheej txheem niaj hnub uas tso cai rau koj hloov pauv tau thiab koj tus email tau txais kev thim rov qab ntawm lub server. Ntxiv rau, qhov chaw server feem ntau tsis yog qhov teeb meem niaj hnub no, thiab koj tseem tuaj yeem khaws cov email tseem ceeb hauv zos.
Mail clienterrors
Yog tias koj ntsib POP3, Chaw nres nkoj: 995, Ruaj Ntseg (SSL) tus lej yuam kev 0x800C0133 thaum sim kuaj koj Gmail, sim compressing koj cov ntawv xa ntawv. Hauv cov neeg siv POP, xaiv "Cov Ntaub Ntawv" > "Folder" > "Compress tag nrho cov folders". Qhov no yuav tsum kho qhov teeb meem.
