Electronics tau yug los ntawm kev sib tshuam ntawm cov ceg kev tshawb fawb xws li physics thiab thev naus laus zis. Yog tias peb xav txog qhov nqaim, ces peb tuaj yeem hais tias nws tau koom nrog kev kawm txog kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm electrons thiab electromagnetic teb, nrog rau kev tsim cov khoom siv raws li qhov kev paub no. Cov cuab yeej no yog dab tsi thiab kev tshawb fawb ntawm hluav taws xob tau tsim kho li cas niaj hnub no?
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Hnub no yog hnub nyoog ntawm kev siv technology. Tag nrho cov dej ntws ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas peb tau txais los ntawm sab nraud yuav tsum tau ua tiav, khaws cia thiab xa mus. Tag nrho cov txheej txheem no tshwm sim nrog kev pab ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm ntau hom. Tus neeg tob zuj zus mus rau hauv lub ntiaj teb tsis muaj zog ntawm electrons, qhov loj dua nws qhov kev tshawb pom thiab, raws li, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsim.
Koj tuaj yeem pom cov ntaub ntawv txaus txog yam khoom siv hluav taws xob yog dab tsi thiab qhov kev tshawb fawb no tau tsim kho li cas. Tom qab kawm nws, koj xav tsis thoob ntawm qhov kev siv thev naus laus zis tau tsim sai npaum li cas, qhov kev lag luam no tau nce sai npaum li cas hauv lub sijhawm luv luv.
Raws li kev tshawb fawb, nws pib ua zoo nyob rau xyoo pua 20th. Nws tshwm sim nrogpib ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm xov tooj cua engineering thiab xov tooj cua electronics. Qhov thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem tau cim los ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm cybernetics thiab computers (electronic computers). Tag nrho cov no txhawb kev txaus siab rau thaj chaw no. Yog tias thaum pib ntawm nws txoj kev loj hlob ib lub khoos phis tawj tuaj yeem tuav tag nrho chav ntawm qhov loj me, hnub no peb muaj microtechnologies uas tuaj yeem tig tag nrho peb cov tswv yim txog lub ntiaj teb nyob ib puag ncig peb.
Tshwj xeeb, tab sis tej zaum nyob rau yav tom ntej nws yuav muaj peev xwm tham txog yam khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm keeb kwm kev paub keeb kwm. Technology yog qhov tsawg kawg nkaus txhua hnub. Lawv lub neej ua haujlwm tau nce ntxiv. Tag nrho cov no surprises peb tsawg thiab tsawg. Xws li cov txheej txheem ntuj raug cuam tshuam nrog Moore txoj cai thiab raug coj los siv silicon. Tam sim no tib neeg tab tom tham txog lwm txoj hauv kev siv hluav taws xob - spintronics. Thiab txhua leej txhua tus paub txog kev txhim kho ntawm nanoelectronics.
Kev txhim kho thiab kev sib tw
Yog li, hluav taws xob yog dab tsi thiab teeb meem dab tsi hauv kev txhim kho cov cuab yeej no puas muaj kev tshawb fawb? Raws li nws tau hais, electronics yog ib qho kev lag luam tsim ntawm kev sib tshuam ntawm physics thiab technology. Nws tshawb xyuas cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab tswj kev txav ntawm cov hluav taws xob dawb hauv ntau yam xov xwm xws li cov khib nyiab, lub tshuab nqus tsev, plasma, roj thiab ntawm lawv thaj tsam. Qhov kev tshawb fawb no tseem tsim txoj hauv kev los tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob rau ntau qhov chaw ntawm tib neeg lub neej. Tsis yog qhov chaw kawg yog nyob los ntawm kev tshawb fawb txog cov teeb meem ntsig txog kev loj hlob ntawm kev tshawb fawb: kev ploj tuag sai, teeb meem kev ncaj ncees, kev tshawb fawbthiab kev sim, nqi thiab ntau dua.
Nyob hauv lub neej niaj hnub ntawm ib tug neeg niaj hnub no, lo lus nug "Lub tshuab hluav taws xob yog dab tsi?" yuav tuaj raws li tsis muaj surprise. Nws lub neej yog crammed nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob: watches, ntxhua khaub ncaws thiab lwm yam khoom siv hauv tsev, khoom siv hauv tsheb thiab lwm yam tsheb, khoom siv suab thiab video, TV, xov tooj, neeg hlau, khoom siv kho mob thiab khoom siv, thiab lwm yam. Cov npe no tuaj yeem mus ntev heev.
Kev txhim kho thiab daim ntawv thov cheeb tsam
Kev lig kev cai, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tau muab faib ua ob thaj chaw: kev txhim kho ntawm lub hauv paus thiab tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Lub hauv paus yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm ntau yam ntxwv. Nws muab faib rau hauv chav kawm ntawm cov khoom siv nqus tsev vacuum thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv lub xeev. Hauv hluav taws xob circuits, lub hauv paus ntsiab lus muaj cov khoom siv rau kev siv, kaw thiab ua cov cim hluav taws xob. Cov teeb liab ua tiav yog rov tsim dua hauv daim ntawv yooj yim (saib lub vijtsam, TV, suab, thiab lwm yam). Lub teeb liab tuaj yeem kaw rau ntawm qhov nruab nrab cia thiab ua si rov qab txhua lub sijhawm, tswj cov tshuab tsis siv neeg, servos thiab lwm yam khoom siv.
hluav taws xob circuits tau nthuav tawm hauv daim ntawv analog thiab digital. Analog ua kom nrov thiab ua cov teeb liab analog. Piv txwv li, xov tooj cua yoj. Digital circuits yog tsim los ua haujlwm nrog lub teeb liab ntawm quantum xwm. Cov no yog cov computers, controllers thiab ntau lwm yam khoom siv.
Electronics thiab nanoelectronics hnub no tsis xav tsis thoob liraws li nws yog thaum pib ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm xws li technologies. Dab tsi ib zaug zoo li kev tshawb fawb tsis tseeb tau dhau los ua qhov muaj nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb niaj hnub no. Txoj kev loj hlob sai heev uas cov cuab yeej tsis muaj sijhawm los loj hlob, vim lawv twb dhau los ua tsis cuam tshuam.
Tab sis xws li kev tshawb fawb xws li electronics thiab nanoelectronics txuas nrog microelectronics, ua rau nws keeb kwm los ntawm 1958, txij li thaum tsim cov microcircuits, uas suav nrog ob resistors thiab plaub transistors. Kev txhim kho ntxiv tau ua raws li txoj hauv kev ntawm kev txo qis thiab ib txhij ua kom muaj cov khoom sib txuas, xws li transistors. Nanoelectronics koom nrog kev txhim kho ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke, cov txheej txheem topological uas tsawg dua 100 nm.
Puas muaj kev txwv rau kev txhim kho thev naus laus zis?
Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, electronics yog ib qho kev tshawb fawb yooj yim rau kev txhim kho cov thev naus laus zis niaj hnub. Twb muaj lus xaiv tias cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hloov tau yooj yim tau tsim los tso cai luam ntawv siv cov hlau molten.
Nws tseem tsis tau txais kev faib tawm ntau, tab sis cov kws tshawb fawb tau ua tiav qhov kev vam meej hauv cheeb tsam no. Tsis muaj qhov tsis ntseeg tias cov neeg siv khoom lag luam yuav kawm sai sai tias cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hloov pauv tau li cas.
Txhais tus ciam teb ntawm kev txhim kho thev naus laus zis, uas tau pib nyob rau xyoo pua 20th, tsis muaj peev xwm niaj hnub no. Ntau yam kev tshawb fawb yog kev sib koom ua ke, hluav taws xob biotechnologies, kev txawj ntse txawj ntse thiab ntau ntxiv. 3D luam ntawv twb tau ua tiav lawm, thiab hauv North Carolina lawv tau nthuav tawm cov cuab yeej siv siab heev rau kev luam ntawv siv hlau molten. tshiabthev naus laus zis tuaj yeem siv tau yam tsis muaj kev siv zog ntau hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv.
