Lub tshuab hluav taws xob hluav taws xob yog ib qho khoom siv uas tuaj yeem khaws cov nqi thiab lub zog ntawm qhov hluav taws xob. Yeej, nws muaj ib khub ntawm conductors (phaj) sib cais los ntawm ib tug dielectric txheej. Lub thickness ntawm dielectric yog ib txwm me dua qhov loj ntawm daim hlau. Nyob rau hauv hluav taws xob sib npaug circuits, lub capacitor yog qhia los ntawm 2 ntsug parallel ntu (II).
Qhov ntau thiab cov ntsuas ntsuas
Muaj ntau ntau qhov tseem ceeb uas txhais tau lub capacitor. Ib qho ntawm lawv yog nws lub peev xwm (Latin tsab ntawv C), thiab qhov thib ob yog qhov ua haujlwm voltage (Latin U). Lub peev xwm hluav taws xob (lossis tsuas yog capacitance) hauv SI system yog ntsuas hauv farads (F). Ntxiv mus, raws li ib chav tsev ntawm capacitance, 1 farad - qhov no yog ntau heev - yog yuav luag tsis siv nyob rau hauv kev xyaum. Piv txwv li, tus nqi hluav taws xob ntawm lub ntiaj teb ntiaj teb tsuas yog 710 microfarads. Yog li ntawd, qhov hluav taws xob capacitance ntawm capacitors feem ntau yog ntsuas nyob rau hauv farad-derived ntau: nyob rau hauv picofarads (pF) nrog ib tug me me capacitance nqi (1 pF=1/10 6 µF), hauv microfarads (µF) ntawm nws tus nqi loj txaus (1 uF=1/10 6F). Txhawm rau suav cov peev txheej hluav taws xob, nws yog qhov tsim nyogfaib cov nqi ntawm cov nqi sib sau ntawm daim hlau los ntawm cov qauv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm lawv (voltage hla lub capacitor). Tus nqi ntawm lub capacitor nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yog tus nqi accumulating ntawm ib tug ntawm cov phaj ntawm lub ntaus ntawv nyob rau hauv nqe lus nug. Ntawm 2 tus neeg xyuas pib ntawm lub cuab yeej, lawv zoo ib yam hauv cov qauv, tab sis sib txawv hauv kev kos npe, yog li lawv cov lej ib txwm sib npaug rau xoom. Tus nqi ntawm lub capacitor yog ntsuas hauv coulombs (C), thiab txhais los ntawm tsab ntawv Q.
Voltage ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob
Ib qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov cuab yeej peb tab tom txiav txim siab yog qhov tawg ntawm qhov hluav taws xob - qhov sib txawv ntawm ob tus neeg xyuas pib ntawm lub capacitor, ua rau hluav taws xob tawg ntawm cov txheej txheem dielectric. Qhov siab tshaj plaws voltage uas tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj ntawm lub cuab yeej yog txiav txim los ntawm cov duab ntawm cov conductors, cov khoom ntawm dielectric thiab nws thickness. Kev khiav hauj lwm tej yam kev mob nyob rau hauv uas lub voltage nyob rau hauv daim hlau ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yog ze rau lub breakdown voltage yog tsis tsim nyog. Qhov kev khiav hauj lwm voltage ntawm lub capacitor yog ob peb zaug tsawg tshaj li qhov tawg voltage (ob mus rau peb zaug). Yog li ntawd, thaum xaiv, xyuam xim rau qhov ntsuas voltage thiab capacitance. Feem ntau, tus nqi ntawm cov khoom no tau qhia ntawm lub cuab yeej nws tus kheej lossis hauv phau ntawv hla tebchaws. Kev suav nrog lub capacitor hauv lub network rau qhov voltage tshaj qhov nominal voltage hem kom tawg, thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm tus nqi capacitance los ntawm tus nqi nominal tuaj yeem ua rau kev tso tawm ntau dua kev sib haum xeeb rau hauv lub network thiab overheating ntawm lub cuab yeej.
Qhov tshwm sim ntawm capacitors
Tus tsim ntawm cov capacitors tuaj yeem ua tauqhov sib txawv tshaj plaws. Nws nyob ntawm tus nqi ntawm lub peev xwm hluav taws xob ntawm lub cuab yeej thiab nws lub hom phiaj. Qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov cuab yeej nyob rau hauv kev saib xyuas yuav tsum tsis txhob cuam tshuam los ntawm lwm yam, yog li ntawd, cov phiajcim zoo li zoo li qhov chaw hluav taws xob tsim los ntawm cov nqi hluav taws xob yog concentrated nyob rau hauv qhov sib txawv me me ntawm cov conductors ntawm lub capacitor. Yog li ntawd, lawv yuav muaj ob lub concentric spheres, ob daim hlau tiaj tus, los yog ob lub tog raj kheej coaxial. Yog li ntawd, capacitors tuaj yeem ua cylindrical, kheej kheej thiab tiaj tus nyob ntawm cov duab ntawm cov khoom siv.
Permanent Capacitor
Raws li qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev hloov pauv hauv hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tau muab faib ua cov khoom siv tas li, muaj peev xwm sib txawv lossis cov trimmers. Cia peb saib ze dua ntawm txhua yam ntawm no. Cov cuab yeej uas nws lub peev xwm tsis hloov pauv thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, uas yog, nws tsis tas li (tus nqi capacitance tseem tuaj yeem hloov pauv tsis pub dhau qhov kev txwv nyob ntawm qhov kub thiab txias) yog cov capacitors ruaj khov. Kuj tseem muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hloov pauv lawv lub peev xwm hluav taws xob thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, lawv hu ua cov hloov pauv.
C hauv lub capacitor yog dab tsi nyob ntawm
Kev muaj peev xwm hluav taws xob nyob ntawm thaj tsam ntawm nws cov conductors thiab qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lawv. Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los hloov cov chaw no. Xav txog lub capacitor, uas muaj ob hom phaj: movable thiab ruaj. Cov phaj txav txav tau txheeb ze rau qhov ruaj khov, vim tias qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm lub capacitor hloov. Cov analogues sib txawv yog siv los kho cov analogkhoom siv. Ntxiv mus, lub peev xwm tuaj yeem hloov pauv thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm. Trimmer capacitors feem ntau yog siv los kho cov khoom siv hauv lub Hoobkas, piv txwv li, xaiv cov capacitance empirically thaum xam tsis yooj yim sua.
Capacitor hauv circuit
Cov cuab yeej hauv nqe lus nug hauv DC Circuit Court tsuas yog tam sim no nws txuas nrog lub network (qhov no, lub cuab yeej raug them lossis rov them rau qhov hluav taws xob). Thaum lub capacitor tau them tag nrho, tsis muaj tam sim no ntws los ntawm nws. Thaum lub cuab yeej txuas nrog rau qhov hloov pauv tam sim no, cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tso tawm thiab them nws hloov nrog ib leeg. Lub sijhawm ntawm lawv qhov kev hloov pauv yog sib npaug rau lub sijhawm oscillation ntawm qhov siv sinusoidal voltage.
yam ntxwv ntawm capacitors
Lub capacitor, nyob ntawm lub xeev ntawm cov electrolyte thiab cov khoom uas nws muaj, tuaj yeem qhuav, kua, oxide-semiconductor, oxide-hlau. Cov capacitors ua kua tau txias zoo, cov khoom siv no tuaj yeem ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv cov khoom tseem ceeb thiab muaj cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb xws li dielectric tus kheej kho thaum lub sij hawm tawg. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob qhuav uas suav tias yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob qhuav muaj qhov tsim qauv yooj yim, me ntsis tsis tshua muaj hluav taws xob poob thiab xau tam sim no. Tam sim no, nws yog cov khoom siv qhuav uas nrov tshaj plaws. Lub ntsiab kom zoo dua ntawm electrolytic capacitors yog lawv cov nqi qis, compact loj thiab siab hluav taws xob muaj peev xwm. Oxide analogues yog polar (kev sib txuas tsis raug ua rau tawg).
Yuav ua li cas txuas
Kev txuas lub capacitor rau DC Circuit Court yog raws li hauv qab no: qhov ntxiv (anode) ntawm qhov tam sim no txuas nrog electrode, uas yog them nrog oxide zaj duab xis. Kev ua tsis tau raws li qhov xav tau no yuav ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau dielectric. Nws yog vim li no tias cov kua capacitors yuav tsum tau txuas nrog ib lub voj voog uas muaj qhov hloov pauv tam sim no, txuas ob ntu zoo ib yam hauv cov kab sib txawv. Los yog siv cov oxide txheej ntawm ob lub electrodes. Yog li, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas tsis yog-polar tau txais, ua haujlwm hauv kev sib txuas nrog ob qho tib si ncaj qha thiab sinusoidal tam sim no. Tab sis nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si, lub resulting capacitance ua ib nrab li ntau. Unipolar hluav taws xob capacitors loj, tab sis tuaj yeem suav nrog hauv AC circuits.
Daim ntawv thov tseem ceeb ntawm cov capacitors
Lo lus "capacitor" tuaj yeem hnov los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm ntau lub tuam txhab kev lag luam thiab cov koom haum tsim qauv. Tau tham txog lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm, cov yam ntxwv thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm lub cev, peb yuav pom tias vim li cas cov capacitor xav tau, piv txwv li, hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob? Hauv cov kab ke no, cov roj teeb tau siv dav hauv kev tsim kho thiab kev tsim kho ntawm cov tuam txhab lag luam kom them nyiaj rau lub zog reactive ntawm RFC (txhim kho lub network los ntawm kev tsis txaus siab), uas txo cov nqi hluav taws xob, txuag cov khoom siv cable thiab xa hluav taws xob zoo dua rau cov neeg siv khoom.. Qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lub zog, txoj hauv kev thiab qhov chaw ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob (Q) hauv kev sib txuas ntawm hluav taws xob hluav taws xob (EPS) muabcuam tshuam loj heev rau kev lag luam thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm EPS. Muaj ob hom KRM: transverse thiab longitudinal. Nrog kev them nyiaj rov qab, cov tsev txhab nyiaj capacitor txuas nrog lub busbars ntawm lub substation nyob rau hauv parallel nrog lub load thiab hu ua shunt (SHBK). Nrog longitudinal nyiaj them, cov roj teeb muaj nyob rau hauv kev txiav ntawm lub hwj chim kab thiab hu ua SPC (longitudinal them nyiaj pab kiag li lawm). Cov roj teeb muaj xws li cov khoom siv ntawm tus kheej uas tuaj yeem txuas nrog ntau txoj hauv kev: capacitors txuas nrog hauv cov koob lossis sib npaug. Raws li tus naj npawb ntawm cov khoom siv txuas nrog hauv series nce, qhov voltage nce. APC kuj tseem siv los sib npaug ntawm cov khoom thauj los ntawm theem, nce kev tsim khoom thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm arc thiab ore-thermal furnaces (thaum APC hloov pauv los ntawm kev hloov pauv tshwj xeeb).
Ntawm qhov sib npaug ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob sib txuas nrog qhov hluav taws xob tshaj 110kV, capacitive conduction rau lub ntiaj teb yog suav tias yog capacitors. Lub hwj chim ntawm cov kab yog vim lub capacitance ntawm cov conductors ntawm txawv theem thiab lub capacitance tsim los ntawm cov theem hlau thiab hauv av. Yog li ntawd, txhawm rau xam cov kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub network, qhov tsis sib xws ntawm cov kab xa hluav taws xob, thiab txiav txim siab qhov chaw ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau cov hluav taws xob network, cov khoom ntawm lub capacitor yog siv.
Ntau daim ntawv thov
Kuj, lo lus no tuaj yeem hnov los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm tsheb ciav hlau. Vim li cas lawv xav tau capacitors? Ntawm cov tshuab hluav taws xob thiab cov tshuab hluav taws xob, cov cuab yeej siv no tau siv los txo qhov kev sib cuag ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, du tawm cov pulsating tam sim no tsim los ntawm rectifiers thiab pulsed.breakers, nrog rau tsim ib tiam ntawm ib tug symmetrical sinusoidal voltage siv rau fais fab motors.
Txawm li cas los xij, lo lus no feem ntau hnov los ntawm daim di ncauj ntawm xov tooj cua amateur. Vim li cas nws thiaj xav tau capacitors? Hauv xov tooj cua engineering, lawv tau siv los tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntau zaus, lawv yog ib feem ntawm cov ntxaij lim dej smoothing, cov khoom siv fais fab, amplifiers thiab cov ntawv luam tawm.
Nyob hauv lub hnab looj tes ntawm txhua tus neeg tsav tsheb koj tuaj yeem pom ob peb yam khoom siv hluav taws xob no. Vim li cas thiaj xav tau capacitors hauv lub tsheb? Nyob ntawd lawv tau siv rau hauv cov cuab yeej ua kom nrov nrov ntawm cov tshuab acoustic rau cov suab nrov zoo.
