Txhawm rau nyiam cov neeg siv khoom muaj peev xwm, cov tuam txhab siv txhua txoj hauv kev ntawm lawv qhov kev pov tseg. Cov khoom luam tawm pab kom paub txog cov tswv yim no. Cov no yog daim npav lag luam, nrog kev pab ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tiv tauj raug faib, thiab cov ntawv tshaj tawm qhia txog kev taw qhia ntawm kev txav mus los, thiab cov ntawv, uas yog cov lus qhia ncaj qha rau kev nqis tes ua.
Cov khoom luam tawm kuj tseem ceeb thaum lub sij hawm nthuav tawm ntawm lub tuam txhab. Hauv qhov no, kev txuag ntawm cov ntawv xa tawm yuav cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv tau txais, ua rau tag nrho cov kev xav ntawm lub koom haum.
Kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom lag luam
Cov phau ntawv teev npe, daim ntawv qhia hnub thiab phau ntawv qhia los ntawm lub tuam txhab yog cov khoom siv zoo heev rau kev nthuav qhia ntawm lub tuam txhab. Cov khoom luam tawm no qhia tau hais tias tus neeg yuav khoom lossis cov neeg siv khoom muaj peev xwm ntawm lub tuam txhab. Nrog nws cov kev pab, tus neeg siv tau txais cov ntaub ntawv ntau ntxiv txog tus neeg xa khoom muaj peev xwm ntawm kev ua haujlwm, cov khoom lossis cov kev pabcuam, txog cov lus qhia tseem ceeb ntawm nws cov haujlwm, nrog rau kev txhim kho kev cia siab. ATNyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov khoom luam tawm yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv lub koom haum style, muaj cov neeg ua hauj lwm xim, thiab lwm yam. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov zoo dua ntawm kev luam ntawv, qib siab ntawm lub tuam txhab nws yuav ua rau cov neeg siv khoom. Koj yuav tsum xyuam xim tsis yog tsuas yog cov qauv tsim ntawm cov khoom, tab sis kuj rau qhov zoo ntawm txhua yam ntawm nws cov ntsiab lus.
Cov khoom luam tawm cuam tshuam rau cov duab ntawm lub tuam txhab. Qhov no yog ib qho ntawm cov cim tseem ceeb uas tso cai rau koj los ntsuas qhov xwm txheej ntawm lub koom haum. Yog hais tias cov ntaub ntawv thov yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom luam ntawv, lawv hais kom hwm. Cov khoom tsis zoo tsuas yog ua rau kev xav txog lub koom haum xwb.
Cov khoom lag luam luam tawm yog xav tau los ntawm lub tuam txhab kom tiv tauj nrog nws cov neeg siv khoom thiab cov neeg yuav khoom. Tom qab tag nrho, lawv pom cov ntawv tshaj tawm yuav luag txhua hnub, tau txais daim ntawv tshaj tawm, khaws cov ntawv qhia, thiab lwm yam. Cov ntaub ntawv no tso cai rau lawv tshaj tawm txog kev tshaj tawm thiab cov khoom tshiab, nrog rau kev ua lag luam tawm tswv yim.
Cov khoom lag luam luam tawm kuj tseem pab txhawb kev tshaj tawm kev tshaj tawm. Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm pawg hom phiaj yuav kawm paub cov ntaub ntawv tiv tauj uas yuav muab tso rau hauv cov ntawv nplaum lossis hauv cov ntawv sau.
Qee yam ntawm cov khoom luam tawm (xws li daim ntawv qhia hnub thiab cov ntawv cim) pab tsim lub tswv yim zoo ntawm lub tuam txhab. Qhov no, nyob rau hauv lem, yuav tso cai rau lub tuam txhab kom tau lub hom loy alty.
Tab sis qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom luam tawm yog lawv lub peev xwm los nce kev muag khoom. Kev ua tau zoo tshaj tawm kev tshaj tawmyeej yuav them tawm thiab coj cov txiaj ntsig zoo.
Cov txheej txheem luam ntawv niaj hnub
Hnub no, tshuab luam ntawv muaj ntau yam kev xaiv. Thiab tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yog heev zoo, txawv tsuas yog nyob rau hauv ib co tsis. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev luam ntawv thev naus laus zis siv ib txoj hauv kev los yog lwm qhov cuam tshuam nrog kev siv cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb, uas kuj txawv ntawm nws cov yam ntxwv.
Txog hnub tim, feem ntau siv hauv kev lag luam luam ntawv yog offset, npo, tiaj tus, luam ntawv digital thiab ntau lwm yam. Tag nrho cov thev naus laus zis no yog qhov txawv los ntawm kev tsim khoom zoo ntawm cov khoom tiav.
Stencil method
Lub tshuab luam ntawv no yog ib txoj hauv kev tsim cov ntawv thiab cov duab uas siv cov stencil. Qhov no yog ib lub phaj tshwj xeeb uas tso cai rau luam ntawv number case nkag mus rau whitespace.
Qhov peev txheej ntawm stencil thev naus laus zis txuas ntxiv mus rau ntau yam kev ua ub no, los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ua tes mus rau kev siv tshuab thev naus laus zis. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws yog siv rau kev tsim ntawm ob qho tib si me me thiab hauv kev tsim cov ntawv loj loj, piv txwv li, 3 x 6 m. Kev ncig ntawm cov khoom xws li tuaj yeem sib txawv heev. Lawv tuaj yeem tsim nyob rau hauv ib daim ntawv luam thiab tsim ntau ntau.
Cov khoom siv rau kev siv tshuaj ntsuam luam ntawv yog cov ntawv thiab textiles, cov khoom siv hluavtaws thiab ceramics, cov khoom ntawm ntau yam duab (iav thiab cov kaus poom). Cov tshuab no muaj nws tus kheejntau yam. Ib qho ntawm lawv yog silk-screen luam ntawv, uas siv cov hlau tshwj xeeb thiab nylon nets ua cov khoom siv, xov zaus ntawm 4 txog 200 xov ib centimeter.
Risography kuj txawv ntawm kev tshuaj ntsuam luam ntawv. Qhov no yog luam ntawv, uas siv cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm kev kub hnyiab micro-qhov los tsim cov ntsiab lus dawb paug. Cov txheej txheem no tshwm sim siv lub taub hau thermal.
nplua nuj
Cov thev naus laus zis no siv cov ntaub ntawv tsim los ntawm qhov chaw thiab cov khoom luam tawm nyob rau hauv tib lub dav hlau. Lub tshuab luam ntawv tiaj tus siv cov phaj hlau. Cov no yog cov ntawv ib txheej lossis ntau txheej uas tau them nrog cov txheej txheem photosensitive, thiab tom qab ntawd illuminated los ntawm photoform, uas ua haujlwm raws li tus qauv. Tom ntej no, lub phaj npaj nyob rau hauv no txoj kev yog raug rau electrolytic los yog tshuaj etching. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov txheej txheem no, cov khoom luam tawm ua hydrophobic thiab cov ntsiab lus dawb paug ua hydrophilic.
Offset printing
Lub tshuab luam ntawv no suav nrog kev hloov tus cwj mem mus rau cov khoom luam tawm los ntawm lub phaj luam ntawv. Ntxiv mus, cov txheej txheem no yog nqa tawm tsis ncaj qha, tab sis siv lub tog raj kheej offset intermediate. Txoj kev no feem ntau yog siv hauv kev luam ntawv flatbed.
Nyob hauv txoj kev ib txwm muaj, tus cwj mem hla dhau ob lub yob ua ntej nws ntaus ntawv. Ib tug ntawm lawv yog lub tog raj kheej nrog ib tug duab. Qhov thib ob yog ncaj qha offset ncej. Tom ntej no mus rau daim ntawvthov ib daim duab. Muaj cov txheej txheem ntawm kev txhim kho thiab nthuav tawm. Qhov chaw illuminated ntawm daim ntawv pib nyiam dej. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lawv tshem tawm txhua hom oily tshuaj, ib qho ntawm cov xim. Cov khoom no hu ua hydrophilic.
Hydrophobic thaj chaw ntawm daim ntawv, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, nyiam cov xim thiab tshuaj xyuas dej. Hauv qhov no, tsim cov ntawv thiab cov duab.
Offset luam ntawv yog suav tias muaj txiaj ntsig yog tias muaj kev txiav txim rau kev luam ntawv loj. Nrog ib tug me me ntawm cov khoom luam ntawv, lwm yam kev xaiv yog siv. Cov no yog cov tshuab luam ntawv tshiab uas tau koom ua ke hauv ib lub npe - digital. Lawv siv cov cuab yeej uas luam tawm cov ntawv thiab cov duab ncaj qha los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tau txais hauv lub tsev luam ntawv los ntawm chaw ua haujlwm, thiab hauv chaw ua haujlwm xyaum - los ntawm lub computer tus kheej.
Inkjet
Ntau zaus, cov tuam txhab xav tau cov khoom luam tawm hauv kev ua haujlwm me me (1-1000 daim ntawv luam). Txhawm rau ua cov haujlwm no hauv chaw ua haujlwm, cov tshuab luam ntawv tau siv dav.
Inkjet luam ntawv thev naus laus zis ua kom zoo thiab daws teeb meem ntawm cov xim xim. Qhov no yog tus yuam sij rau kev nthuav dav zoo ntawm cov khoom tau txais.
Kev luam ntawv thev naus laus zis ntawm inkjet tshuab luam ntawv khav theeb ntawm nws txoj kev hloov xim du, uas tau txais thaum pom ntau yam ntawm cov duab nraaj. Nws tsis muaj teeb meem yog tias nws yog daim duab, duab vector lossis raster clipart.
Inkjet luam ntawv thev naus laus zis tshuab luam ntawvtxaus siab rau kev ua tiav zoo hauv kev yees duab studios uas tsim cov khoom luam ntawv loj. Nws kuj pom nws daim ntawv thov hauv kev cob qhia tsim. Inkjet duab luam thev naus laus zis yog siv hauv kev lag luam tsim GIS thiab CAD cov haujlwm. Tsis tshua muaj neeg nyiam yog inkjet printers rau hauv tsev. Nrog lawv cov kev pab, koj tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog luam cov ntawv, tab sis kuj tau txais cov duab zoo nkauj, nrog rau cov duab hauv computer uas yuav txaus siab rau lawv cov khoom zoo.
Hom tshuab luam ntawv inkjet txawv hauv ntau lub xim luam ntawv. Cov qauv pheej yig yog nruab nrog tsuas yog ob lub cartridges. Ib qho yog xim dub thiab dawb thiab lwm qhov yog ntau xim. Cov tom kawg muaj cov khoom uas muaj peb xim sib txawv. Thaum los ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb hu ua nozzles, tus number case yog tov rau ntawm daim ntawv, uas tso cai rau koj muab qhov ntxoov ntxoo uas xav tau.
Txawm li cas los xij, cov xim luam ntawv thev naus laus zis no tsis muaj qhov hloov pauv yooj yim. Qhov tseeb yog tias txhua tus neeg uas tau khiav tawm tsawg kawg ib qho xim ntawm tus cwj mem hauv lub tshuab luam ntawv yuav tsum tau hloov tag nrho cov xim cartridge. Hauv qhov no, inkjet luam ntawv tau raug txhim kho. Thiab niaj hnub no, hauv cov qauv siv tshuab luam ntawv kim dua, muaj qhov system uas muab rau cov kua dej cais tawm. Txoj hauv kev no tso cai rau koj los hloov cov xim siv xwb.
Txawm li cas los xij, niaj hnub inkjet-hom luam ntawv thev naus laus zis muaj qhov nrawm nrawm thiab tus nqi siab ntawm cov khoom luam tawm. Yog li ntawd, cov tshuab luam ntawv zoo li no tsuas yog siv rau me me xwbloads.
Laser luam ntawv
Lub tshuab luam ntawv digital no muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Nws tsim cov ntawv luam tawm ntse uas tseem tiv taus lub teeb thiab dej.
Kev luam ntawv thev naus laus zis ntawm cov tshuab luam ntawv laser qhia txog kev cog lus thiab meej meej ntawm lub teeb. Qhov no ua rau muaj kev daws teeb meem siab tshaj plaws.
Laser tshuab luam ntawv tuaj yeem ua kom lub sijhawm ntawm lub tshuab luam ntawv sai. Qhov no yog vim qhov nrawm nrawm ntawm lub nqaj. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tshuab luam ntawv laser luam tawm ntsiag to heev. Qhov no tso cai rau koj kom tsis txhob khaus lossis cuam tshuam rau lwm tus. Tsis tas li, laser luam ntawv thev naus laus zis suav nrog kev siv cov hmoov toner es tsis yog kua number case. Cov cartridges refilled nrog nws tsis qhuav tawm. Lawv lub neej txee, raws li txoj cai, yog lub sijhawm ntev heev - txog li peb xyoos. Qhov no tso cai rau lub tshuab luam ntawv zoo li no yooj yim tiv thaiv qee qhov cuam tshuam hauv kev ua haujlwm. Piv txwv li, yog tias tus tswv tawm mus ua lag luam ntev, tom qab rov qab los, nws tuaj yeem yooj yim pib ua haujlwm ntxiv. Xws li kev cuam tshuam tsis tuaj yeem ua tau nrog cov khoom siv inkjet.
Raws li txoj cai, laser yog lub tshuab luam ntawv dub thiab dawb. Txawm li cas los xij, rau cov lag luam, muaj cov tshuab luam ntawv siab ceev uas tso zis xim.
Laser tshuab luam ntawv yog qhov nyuaj thiab ua haujlwm zoo. Nws siv lub tshuab kho qhov muag thiab hluav taws xob zoo li qub los tsim qhov tsis pom electrostatic qauv ntawm kev luam tawm yav tom ntej. Tom qab ntawd, nws yog "sau" nrog toner hais, thiabqhov tshwm sim yog tsau rau ntawm daim ntawv.
Pib ua haujlwm, lub tshuab luam ntawv tsav cov menyuam cov nqi. Cov khoom no pab txhawb rau cov txheej txheej ntawm lub ntsej muag ntawm photoconductor nrog cov khoom tsis zoo. Tom ntej no yog lub tshuab luam ntawv maub los. Nrog nws cov kev pab, cov cheeb tsam uas tsim cov duab nws tus kheej tau tshwm sim nyob rau saum npoo ntawm lub photodrum. Cov cheeb tsam no yog illuminated los ntawm ib tug laser beam, tom qab uas tus nqi tsis zoo disappears ntawm lawv. Tom ntej no los lub feed roller. Nws txhawb kev hloov pauv ntawm cov nqi tsis zoo rau cov toner hais, txav lawv mus rau cov menyuam tsim. Tom qab ntawd, cov khoom hla dhau los ntawm tus kws kho mob hniav thiab sib npaug sib npaug ntawm qhov chaw. Thaum nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog lub nruas, tsis zoo them toner puv cov cheeb tsam uas tsis muaj xws li nqi. Raws li cov txheej txheem no, lub tshuab luam ntawv tsim cov duab pom. Nws tseem tsuas yog hloov txhua yam mus rau ntawv. Daim duab kuj xav tau pinning.
Ua ntej, lub tshuab luam ntawv pub ib daim ntawv rau ntawm cov menyuam hloov mus. Ntawm no nws yuav siv sij hawm rau tus nqi zoo. Tom qab kev sib cuag nrog lub photoconductor, daim ntawv yooj yim nyiam cov khoom ntawm toner rau nws tus kheej. Lawv pw ntawm daim ntawv vim hluav taws xob zoo li qub, tab sis tseem xoob. Cov theem kawg ntawm cov txheej txheem luam ntawv laser yog qhov hla ntawm daim ntawv los ntawm ib qho system uas muaj ob lub chais. Ib tug ntawm lawv heats daim ntawv nrog cov tau txais dluab, thiab lub thib ob nias nws ruaj khov los ntawm hauv qab no, uas yuav pab tau cov toner hais kom ua raws li zoo rau saum npoo.
Rau qee lub tshuab luam ntawv lasermuab ob-sided printing tshuab. Qhov no yog qhov tshwj xeeb ntxiv uas tso cai rau koj siv cov duab ntawm ob sab ntawm daim ntawv ntawv hauv hom tsis siv neeg. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, cov txheej txheem luam ntawv dhau los ua kev lag luam ntau dua thiab cov khoom lag luam muaj ntau haiv neeg. Piv txwv li, nws tuaj yeem yog daim npav tos txais thiab cov ntaub ntawv qhia, cov ntaub ntawv kawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv, thiab lwm yam.
Lub tshuab luam ntawv laser zoo meej rau lub chaw ua haujlwm me me uas xav tau los npaj cov ntawv xa nyiaj, luam cov ntawv cog lus, thiab cov ntaub ntawv chaw ua haujlwm.
LED luam ntawv
Cov cuab yeej siv thev naus laus zis no zoo heev tsis yog rau chaw ua haujlwm xwb, tab sis kuj siv rau tus kheej. Tab sis, piv rau cov tshuab luam ntawv laser, cov tshuab luam ntawv no muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua thiab pheej yig dua. Lawv txhim khu kev qha thiab muaj txiaj ntsig. Tsis tas li ntawd, LED tshuab luam ntawv tsis cais cov pa oxygen molecules, thiab yog li ntawd tsis tawm ozone. Zoo li cov tshuab luam ntawv laser, cov tshuab luam ntawv no yog tsim los rau lub hli tseem ceeb. Qhov no tso cai rau lawv siv los tsim cov ntawv luam loj.
LED thev naus laus zis yog ua raws tib txoj cai raws li kev siv tshuab laser. Qhov txawv tsuas yog tias cov tshuab luam ntawv no tsis muaj lub teeb taw qhia. Hloov chaw, photoconductor cuam tshuam los ntawm LED tus pas ntsuas, uas nyob thoob plaws tag nrho qhov dav ntawm lub cuab yeej. Qhov kev tsim no yog compact dua, tsis tshua muaj kev tawg thiab ntau ntsiag to.
Thaum siv thev naus laus zis LED, cov txheej txheem ntawm "illuminating" thaj chaw tsim nyogelectrostatic teb sai dua. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, ntau txhim khu kev qha txhais tau tias yog siv. Hauv qhov no, LED luam ntawv yog suav tias yog qhov ua tau zoo thiab kev lag luam, tsis yog tsuas yog hais txog kev saib xyuas cov cuab yeej, tab sis kuj hais txog cov nyiaj siv los yuav nws.
Images on textiles
Ib qho khoom plig zoo rau hnub so yuav yog T-shirt nrog cov duab lom zem lossis nrog cov ntawv sau. Lawv siv li cas?
T-shirt tshuab luam ntawv tuaj yeem sib txawv heev. Nws tag nrho yog nyob ntawm hom duab tau thov thiab nyob ntawm lub hom phiaj ntawm cov khoom tiav. Piv txwv li, T-shirts rau kev tshaj tawm yuav tsum muaj tus nqi qis, thiab cov uas yuav los ua khoom plig, nrog rau kev siv tus kheej, yuav tsum ua kom zoo nrog kev ntxhua khaub ncaws ntau zaus.
Kev siv cov duab rau lub tsho T-shirt yog siv lub tshuab luam ntawv tshwj xeeb uas ua haujlwm raws li lub tswv yim ntawm cov cuab yeej inkjet. Nws muaj lub rooj tshwj xeeb retractable. Ib lub tsho T-shirt muab tso rau ntawm nws thiab txav mus rau hauv qab lub tshuab luam ntawv. Tom qab kos duab yog thov, cov xim yog tsau nyob rau hauv lub tshuab ziab khaub ncaws los yog nyob rau hauv lub tshav kub xovxwm. Txawm li cas los xij, cov cuab yeej siv no ntawm kev siv cov duab rau textiles yog qhov nyuaj heev, thiab yog li ntawd nws tsuas yog siv rau cov khoom me me xwb.
Thaum ua haujlwm tsis ncaj qha luam ntawv ntawm lub tshuab luam ntawv tuaj yeem siv:
- sublimation luam ntawv, yav dhau los nqa tawm ntawm daim ntawv nrog tus cwj mem tshwj xeeb, thiab tom qab ntawd xa mus rau cov ntaub thaum raug kub hnyiab;
- Magic technologyKov, thaum lub sij hawm tus qauv yog siv rau ib tug tshwj xeeb zaj duab xis, thiab ces glued rau cov khoom siv lub tshav kub xovxwm;
- thermal applique, uas yog ib qho kev sib dhos ntawm ib daim duab ntau xim los ntawm ntau qhov chaw uas tau muab khi rau hauv T-shirt nrog lub tshav kub xovxwm;
- silk screen luam ntawv uas yog kev lag luam thev naus laus zis.
Txhua txoj kev luam ntawv saum toj no muaj nws tus yam ntxwv, uas yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account raws li qhov nyuaj ntawm cov duab thiab kev ncig, qhov xav tau zoo, xim thiab cov ntaub siv, thiab lwm yam.
Kev foob
Tus cwj pwm tseem ceeb ntawm txhua lub koom haum tuaj yeem ua tau siv ib qho ntawm plaub lub thev naus laus zis. Xav txog lawv kom ntxaws ntxiv:
1. photopolymer technology. Txoj kev pheej yig tshaj plaws yog qhov zoo sib xws ntawm cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj. Hom tshuab no suav tias yog ib txwm muaj thiab suav nrog cov kauj ruam xws li luam tawm qhov tsis zoo ntawm lub tshuab luam ntawv laser thiab npaj cov khoom siv (kua photopolymer, tiv thaiv zaj duab xis, substrate thiab ciam teb daim kab xev).
Ntxiv mus nws yog tsis yooj yim sua yam tsis muaj mounting tag nrho cov ntsiab nyob rau hauv ib tug tshwj xeeb ntaus ntawv thiab raug, ob qho tib si los ntawm qhov tsis zoo thiab los ntawm sab ntawm lub substrate. Nyob rau theem tom ntej, lub cliche raug tshem tawm los ntawm lub fixture thiab ntxuav, illumination txheej txheem yog rov ua dua thiab qhuav. Hauv kev xaus, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los tshem tawm cov nplaum thiab txiav tawm qhov cliche. Tag nrho cov kauj ruam no siv sijhawm li peb caug-tsib feeb.
2. Flash technology. Cov txheej txheem no suav nrog kev ua cov nyiaj stamping nrog number case mounting.txoj cai hauv cliché. Tom qab ntawd, qhov no yuav tsis tas yuav tsum tau siv cov ntaub ntawv number case. Qhov kev luam ntawv no txawv li cas? Cov thev naus laus zis suav nrog kev tso tawm qhov teeb tsa ntawm lub tshuab luam ntawv laser thiab txuas cov khoom xav tau ntawm lub teeb nyem. Tom ntej no yog lub illumination thiab ncaj qha installation ntawm cliché. Thaum kawg ntawm cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis, lub foob tau ntim nrog tus cwj mem.
3. txoj kev vulcanization. Tsis zoo li cov txheej txheem dhau los, nws tso cai rau koj ua ob peb lub foob ib zaug hauv ib lub voj voog ntau lawm. Nrog nws cov kev pab, cov nyiaj tshwj xeeb kuj raug tsim, mus txog A5 hom. Lub cliche tau txais los ntawm cov cuab yeej siv no yog suav tias yog qhov ruaj khov tshaj plaws thiab muaj cov khoom siv ntxiv rau cov number case.
4. laser tshuab. Txog rau hnub tim, nws suav hais tias yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov txheej txheem nws npaj yog tias cov khoom qub, uas yog roj hmab, yog ua tiav siv lub laser beam, uas engraves thiab txiav lub workpiece. Lub ntsiab kom zoo dua ntawm cov tshuab no yog qhov zoo heev ntawm cov khoom tiav thiab lawv cov kav ntev. Tsis tas li, ib txoj kev zoo sib xws tso cai rau kev ua haujlwm siab ceev.
