LEDs tau dhau los ua cov kev daws teeb meem nrov dua, thiab hauv ntau qhov chaw. Lawv tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom siv kho kom zoo nkauj lossis teeb pom kev hauv thaj chaw, nrog rau ntau qhov chaw sab nraum lub tsev. LEDs tau muab nkag rau hauv kev ua lag luam hauv ntau qhov kev hloov kho. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov neeg tsim khoom ntawm cov khoom sib xws ib ntus muab cov kev daws teeb meem tshiab uas yav tom ntej tuaj yeem tsim cov lag luam tshiab niches. Dab tsi yog hom LEDs tshaj plaws niaj hnub no? Lawv siv tau dab tsi?
LEDs yog dab tsi?
Ua ntej xav txog hom LEDs, cia peb kawm cov ntaub ntawv dav dav txog cov khoom siv. LED yog ib qho semiconductor uas muaj peev xwm hloov hluav taws xob tam sim no rau hauv lub teeb. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob semiconductor, uas yog nws cov khoom tseem ceeb, muaj ob peb txheej txheej txheem los ntawm 2 hom conductivity. Namely - qhov thiab electron.
Kev coj ua ntawm thawj hom suav nrog kev hloov pauv ntawm ib lub tshuab hluav taws xob los ntawm ib lub atom mus rau lwm qhov, uas muaj qhov chaw dawb. Nyob rau hauv lem, lwm electron los rau thawj atom, mus rau yav dhau los ib tug -Ib qho ntxiv, thiab lwm yam. Qhov no mechanism ua haujlwm vim covalent bonds ntawm atoms. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv tsis txav. Qhov tseeb, tus nqi zoo yog txav mus, uas cov kws kho mob pom zoo hu ua lub qhov. Hauv qhov no, thaum lub electron hla mus rau qhov, lub teeb tawm.
Nyob hauv nws cov qauv, LED feem ntau zoo ib yam li rectifier diode. Ntawd yog, nws muaj 2 qhov tso tawm - anode thiab cathode. Cov yam ntxwv no tau txiav txim siab qhov yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam qhov polarity thaum txuas lub LED mus rau qhov hluav taws xob tam sim no.
Cov khoom lag luam sib raug yog feem ntau tsim los rau qhov ncaj qha tam sim no ntawm 20 milliamps. Raws li txoj cai, tus nqi no tuaj yeem txo qis, txawm li cas los xij, hauv qhov no, cov xim tuaj yeem hloov pauv thiab qhov ci ntawm LED yuav txo qis. Nyob rau hauv lem, nws yog undesirable mus nce tus coj parameter. Yog tias qhov tam sim no tshaj qhov txiaj ntsig zoo, tom qab ntawd txhawm rau txo nws mus rau qib uas yuav tsum tau muaj, siv qhov txwv tsis pub siv.
Muaj ob peb yam uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov thaum txhim kho LEDs. Qhov no tau txiav txim siab los ntawm lawv cov qauv sab hauv, daim ntawv ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Qee zaum, nws yuav tsim nyog siv lub stabilizer rau LEDs thiab lwm yam khoom siv hluav taws xob kom ntseeg tau tias kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv hauv cov lus nug raug teeb tsa.
Nyob ntawm qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm semiconductors hauv LED, nws tuaj yeem yog xim liab, daj, ntsuab lossis xiav. Piv txwv li, yog tias cov qauv ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib txuas muaj cov gallium nitride, ces LED yuav cixiav. Qhov tseeb, ib qho ntawm cov txheej txheem raws li qee yam ntawm LEDs qhov txawv yuav yog lawv cov xim.
Daim ntawv thov
thawj LEDs ntawm kev ua lag luam tau tsim nyob rau hauv rooj plaub hlau. Maj mam nws pib hloov los ntawm yas. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, nyob rau hauv cov xim, nws yog feem ntau xaiv coj mus rau hauv tus account lub xim ntawm lub teeb ci LED. Txawm li cas los xij, cov ntaub ntawv yas pob tshab kuj muaj ntau heev.
Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob suav hais tias yog siv dav hauv ntau qhov chaw. Qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb tias yuav luag txhua hom LEDs yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm:
- zog efficiency;
- lub neej ua haujlwm ntev;
- lub peev xwm los txiav txim qhov xim ntawm lub teeb, nrog rau kho nws lub zog;
- kev ruaj ntseg;
- sustainable.
Yog tias peb tham txog kev siv hluav taws xob, LEDs nrog tib lub teeb tso zis tuaj yeem muaj lub zog tsawg dua li cov teeb pom kev zoo. Lub zog qis ntawm LED txo qhov kev thauj khoom tag nrho ntawm lub tsev lub zog. Lub neej kev pab cuam ntawm cov cuab yeej tuaj yeem ua tau ntau kaum lub sij hawm siab dua li cov teeb pom kev zoo. Tib lub sijhawm, hais txog kev ua haujlwm, LEDs yuav tsis qis dua rau lawv txhua qhov.
Raws li qhov xav tau ntau rau cov khoom lag luam zoo li no, nrog rau lawv cov nqi txo qis, LEDs tau nce siv rau tib lub hom phiaj raws li cov teeb pom kev zoo. Tsis muaj teeb meem hauv kev txhim kho cov kev daws teeb meem sib piv nrog cov teeb pom kev zoo ib txwm muaj. Nws tsuas yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub tseeb tiasib qho tshwj xeeb LED rau kev teeb tsa hauv hluav taws xob network ntawm chav tsev. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, nws yuav tsum tau txheeb xyuas nws qhov tseem ceeb ua ntej - ua ntej yuav yuav LEDs.
Lwm cov txiaj ntsig dab tsi tuaj yeem daws cov lus nug muaj?
Yog li, nws tuaj yeem sau tseg tias cov xim kub ntawm LED tuaj yeem yuav luag txhua qhov - suav nrog kev sib xyaw ntawm cov xim saum toj no. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom siv tuaj yeem ntxiv nrog ntau lub teeb pom kev zoo, uas tuaj yeem nthuav dav ntawm LEDs nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev xaiv cov xim kub uas yuav tsum tau ua.
Lub peev xwm los tswj lub zog ntawm lub teeb ci yog lwm qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom siv hauv nqe lus nug. Qhov kev xaiv no mus zoo nrog lawv cov kev siv zog siab. Lub zog ntawm LED tuaj yeem hloov kho tau - raws li qhov tseeb ntawm kev siv cov khoom siv teeb pom kev zoo. Thiab qhov no xyaum tsis cuam tshuam rau lawv lub neej kev pabcuam.
LEDs yog ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg vim lawv tsis tawm hluav taws xob ua rau tib neeg. Cov yam ntxwv no, dua, nthuav dav qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm kev siv cov khoom siv hauv nqe lus nug.
Kev faib tawm: qhov taw qhia thiab teeb pom kev daws teeb meem
Cov kws tshaj lij txheeb xyuas 2 pawg tseem ceeb ntawm LEDs - qhov taw qhia thiab teeb pom kev zoo. Cov qub yog tsim los tsim kom muaj lub teeb pom kev zoo nkauj thiab siv los ua cov khoom siv kho kom zoo nkauj hauv tsev, chav tsev, lossis tsheb. Los yog ua cov ntawv sau styling - piv txwv li, ntawm daim ntawv tshaj tawm.
Thiab, muaj teeb pom kev zoo LEDs. Lawv yog tsim los txhim khoqhov ci ntsa iab ntawm lub teeb pom kev hauv chav lossis hauv ib cheeb tsam ntawm thaj chaw - piv txwv li, yog tias peb xav txog LEDs rau tsheb. Cov kev daws teeb meem sib xws yog lwm txoj hauv kev rau kev siv cov teeb pom kev zoo thiab muaj ntau qhov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob thiab kev ua phooj ywg ib puag ncig.
Kev ua haujlwm yam
Tab sis rov qab mus rau kev faib tawm ntawm LEDs. Koj tuaj yeem txhais qhov dav tshaj plaws ntawm thaj chaw rau lawv txoj haujlwm rau ib pawg lossis lwm qhov. Ib txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov kws tshaj lij suav nrog kev xaiv cov hom tseem ceeb hauv qab no ntawm LEDs:
- DIP;
- Kab laug sab LED;
- SMD;
- COB;
- fiber ntau;
- Filament.
Cia peb saib lawv ntxiv.
Dab tsi yog qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm DIP LEDs?
Yog tias peb kawm paub ntau ntxiv yuav ua li cas cov LEDs no tau tshwm sim hauv khw, ces DIP cov khoom siv hauv chav kawm tuaj yeem raug ntaus nqi rau thawj tus uas tau pib muag hauv ntau. Cov kev daws teeb meem no yog cov khoom siv lead ua uas tau muab tso rau hauv pob khoom nrog cov khoom siv kho qhov muag, tshwj xeeb yog lub lens uas tsim lub teeb ci.
Nws tuaj yeem raug sau tseg tias qeb ntawm LEDs hauv nqe lus nug, txawm tias nws qhov dav dav, tsis tshua muaj siv nyob rau hauv high-tech field. Feem ntau, cov kev daws teeb meem no yog siv los ua cov khoom siv ntawm kev tshaj tawm illuminated, ribbon, teeb, decorations.
DIP LEDs yog nyob rau hauv qhov taw qhia qeb. Lawv muaj lwm lub npe - DIL. Lawv raug ntsia rau ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm, uas koj yuav tsum xub uaqhov. Nws tuaj yeem raug sau tseg tias nyob rau hauv qeb raws li kev txiav txim siab, ntau hom LEDs tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv, uas txawv ntawm lub teeb txoj kab uas hla, xim, thiab cov khoom siv. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, coj tsis tau yuav sawv cev nyob rau hauv lub widest ntau yam. Cov kev daws teeb meem raws li xav tau yog cylindrical hauv cov duab. Ntawm cov LEDs sib raug zoo, muaj ob qho tib si monochrome thiab ntau xim.
Kab laug sab LED
Hom LED no feem ntau zoo ib yam li yav dhau los. Tab sis lawv muaj ob zaug ntau tus pins - 4. Thaum DIP LEDs muaj 2. Qhov tseeb hais tias qhov nthuav tawm hom kev daws teeb meem muaj ntau outputs optimizes tshav kub dissipation thiab ua rau kom muaj kev ntseeg siab ntawm cov khoom sib thooj. Hauv kev xyaum, lawv tau siv ntau yam, tshwj xeeb yog LEDs rau tsheb.
SMD hom LEDs
Cov kev daws teeb meem no yog tsim los siv lub tswv yim nto mount. Ntawd yog, lawv yog LEDs uas tau teeb tsa ntawm txhua qhov chaw, thaum lwm cov kev daws teeb meem tuaj yeem ntsia tau los ntawm kev teeb tsa.
Qhov ntev ntawm LEDs ntawm hom no tuaj yeem ua rau me dua li cov kev daws teeb meem, nrog rau cov qauv uas lawv tau teeb tsa. Ib zaug ntxiv, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no nws yog tsim nyog los tham txog ib tug zoo tshaj plaws tshav kub dissipation. Kev siv SMD hom LEDs nyob rau hauv ntau rooj plaub tso cai rau koj los nthuav qhov txawv ntawm cov teeb pom kev zoo tsim.
SMD-LEDs yog nyob rau hauv qeb teeb pom kev zoo. Yog tus yam ntxwv txauscomplex qauv. Yog li, LED nws tus kheej muaj cov hlau substrate. Ib tug siv lead ua yog tsau rau nws, uas yog soldered ncaj qha mus rau cov neeg ntawm lub substrate lub cev. Ib lub lens yog muab tso rau saum lub crystal. Hauv qhov no, 1-3 LEDs tuaj yeem ntsia tau rau ntawm ib lub substrate. SMD suav nrog ntau hom ultra-ci LEDs xws li 3528. Cov kev daws teeb meem no muaj kev xav tau siab.
COB hom LEDs
Hom LED nrov tom ntej yog COB. Nws yog tsim los ntawm kev siv thev naus laus zis uas cuam tshuam nrog kev teeb tsa ntawm cov siv lead ua ncaj qha rau ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm. Cov tshuaj no muaj ntau yam zoo:
- kev sib txuas tiv thaiv los ntawm oxidation;
- me me tsim qhov ntev;
- heat dissipation efficiency;
- tus nqi txo ntawm kev teeb tsa LED - hauv kev sib piv, tshwj xeeb, nrog SMD hom khoom siv.
Yog tias peb xav txog hom LEDs saum toj no, nws tuaj yeem raug sau tseg tias COB hom kev daws teeb meem tuaj yeem raug ntaus nqi rau qhov tshiab tshaj plaws. Thawj thawj zaug, cov tshuab no tau siv los ntawm Japanese engineers thaum xyoo 2000s. Tam sim no cov hom LEDs txuas ntxiv tau muaj koob meej.
Raws li cov kws tshaj lij, cov kev daws teeb meem tseem tuaj yeem dhau los ua qhov xav tau tshaj plaws ntawm kev ua lag luam, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias peb tham txog ntu kev lag luam, hais txog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov teeb pom kev zoo hauv tsev. Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias muaj cov cheeb tsam uas daim ntawv thov ntawm COB LEDs yuav nyuaj. Ntawm lawv yog kev tsim cov teeb pom kev zookhoom siv. Qhov tseeb yog tias LEDs nyob rau hauv nqe lus nug tsis zoo heev nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm adaptation rau lub koom haum ntawm teeb pom kev zoo nrog ib tug tsim luminous siv nkhaus. Hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, SMD hom khoom siv yuav tsim nyog dua.
Cov lus piav qhia diodes yog teeb pom kev zoo diodes. Raws li cov kws tshaj lij, lawv tuaj yeem raug ntaus nqi rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws, raws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm luminous flux. Lawv muaj nyob rau hauv kev ua lag luam ntawm cov xim sib txawv xws li liab, ntsuab, xiav thiab dawb. Lub luminous flux ntawm cov qauv no muaj lub kaum sab xis ntawm 40-120 degrees.
Ntau tshaj 9 COB LEDs tuaj yeem ntsia tau rau ntawm ib qho substrate. Lawv tau them nrog phosphor, raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm lawv tau txais qhov ci ntsa iab. Nws tuaj yeem raug sau tseg tias qhov luminous flux ntawm cov kev daws teeb meem no siab dua li ntawm SMD hom khoom siv. Yog li, yog tias peb xav txog yam LEDs zoo dua, tom qab ntawd raws li cov txheej txheem teev tseg, cov tshuaj COB chav kawm yuav muaj qhov zoo dua.
COB hom LEDs kuj tau siv hauv kev lag luam tsheb. Lawv tuaj yeem siv los ua ib feem ntawm pem hauv ntej, lub teeb nraub qaum, tig teeb liab. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog rau nruab cov khoom yuav khoom kom raug. Ua li no, nws ua rau kev txiav txim siab tig mus rau cov kws tshaj lij.
Fiber LEDs
Fiber LEDs yog qhov tshiab. Lawv tau tshwm sim ntawm kev ua lag luam tsis ntev los no, xyoo 2015. Cov kev txiav txim siab yog tsim los ntawm engineers los ntawm South Kauslim.
Koj tuaj yeem siv cov LEDs no hauv kev tsim cov khaub ncaws. Ntawd yog, los ntawm lawv nws yog qhov ua tau kom xaws lub tsho lossis T-shirt uas tuaj yeem ci. Kev tsim cov khaub ncaws raws lifiber LED kuj koom nrog kev siv ntau yam polymers, nrog rau cov khoom siv txhuas.
Ib qho piv txwv ntawm cov LEDs tshiab yog Filament hom kev daws teeb meem. Lawv lub ntsiab kom zoo dua yog siab zog efficiency. Nyob rau tib lub zog, piv txwv li nrog LEDs xws li COB, Filament solutions tuaj yeem muab cov teeb pom kev ntau dua.
Cov khoom tshiab no feem ntau yog siv los tsim cov teeb pom kev zoo. Ntawm cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim cov LEDs sib xws yog qhov kev siv ntawm mounting ncaj qha rau ntawm lub substrate ua los ntawm iav. Txoj hauv kev no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm nthuav tawm lub teeb tawm los ntawm LED 360 degrees.
Yuav ua li cas xaiv qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj?
Yuav ua li cas txiav txim siab hom LED uas zoo rau ib qho kev tsim? Muaj ntau cov txheej txheem uas tuaj yeem coj tau hauv qhov teeb meem no. Hauv paus ntsiab lus, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los txiav txim siab txog qhov ntawm LED raws li nws cov kev faib tawm raws li cov yam ntxwv uas peb tau tham saum toj no. Cia peb kawm txog qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm kev xaiv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsim nyog, suav nrog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom siv:
- DIP;
- SMD;
- COB.
Xaiv LEDs: nta ntawm DIP daws
Raws li peb tau sau tseg saum toj no, DIP LEDs yog cov khoom lag luam ntxov tshaj plaws los ntaus lub khw. Yog li, heev qub, tab sis tseem nyob rau hauv kev thov technologies yog koom nyob rau hauv lawv. Lawv lub ntsiabQhov zoo - yooj yim ntawm kev teeb tsa, yooj yim ntawm daim ntawv, tsis siv hluav taws xob tsawg, cua sov tsawg, nrog rau kev tiv thaiv zoo los ntawm kev cuam tshuam sab nraud.
Qhov feem ntau suav tias yog LEDs muaj nyob rau hauv txoj kab uas hla ntawm 3 thiab 5 hli. Yog tias peb sib piv LEDs los ntawm hom, peb tuaj yeem txiav txim siab tias cov kev daws teeb meem hauv kev txiav txim siab yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau daim ntawv thov:
- as car tuning items;
- as decorative components;
- ua ib feem ntawm lub hwj chim qis - raws li kev xaiv rau hauv tsev - teeb taws.
Cov LEDs suav tias muaj tus nqi qis thiab muaj nyob hauv khw. Nws tuaj yeem raug sau tseg tias ntawm cov kev hloov kho feem ntau yog 12 volt LEDs. Lawv tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv ntau yam online catalogs, nrog rau hauv cov khw tshwj xeeb hauv ntau yam. Qhov tseeb, txhua 12 volt LEDs yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov kev thov siab ntawm lub khw.
Xaiv LEDs: nta ntawm SMD cov kev daws teeb meem
Cov kev daws teeb meem zoo sib xws hauv qhov pom zoo sib txawv ntawm lwm tus uas lawv muaj lub tiaj tus. Kev teeb tsa ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob no yog ua tiav yam tsis siv ob txhais ceg. Tam sim no rau SMD hom LEDs yog muab rau cov terminals uas nyob rau ntawm lawv sab nraub qaum.
Yog li, kev teeb tsa ntawm cov cuab yeej no tau ua tiav yam tsis siv qhov. Qhov chaw ntawm LEDs tuaj yeem ua tau zoo heev. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, cov qauv ntawm cov khoom siv sib raug zoo nyob hauv kuj tseem yuav txo qis.
Cov txheej txheem yooj yimdaim ntaub ntawv ntawm cov khoom siv hauv nqe lus nug - tib qhov pib-tuning, ntau hom teeb pom kev zoo sab hauv. Ntawm qhov tseem ceeb tshaj qhov zoo ntawm cov kev xaiv no yog siab brightness, lub teeb tso zis. Ua ke nrog lawv qhov me me, cov kev daws teeb meem no muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua lwm cov qauv khoom lag luam.
Ntawm cov feem ntau ntawm kev ua lag luam niaj hnub no yog hom LED 3528. Cov khoom no tau siv dav hauv kev tsim cov strips LED. Kev tsim ntawm cov khoom sib raug zoo tso cai rau kev tsim peb-xim LEDs - nrog cov xim liab, xiav, thiab ntsuab glow xim. Raws li 3528 cov kev daws teeb meem, ntau lwm yam khoom siv hluav taws xob tau tsim, xws li SMD 5050 hom LED.
Cov khoom hauv nqe lus nug kuj yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm kev them taus. Lawv feem ntau nthuav tawm ntawm kev ua lag luam hauv ntau yam.
Xaiv LEDs: nta ntawm COB cov kev daws teeb meem
Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho, nws tsim nyog sau cia tias qhov tseem ceeb ntawm LEDs ntawm cov khoom sib xws yog cov qauv tsim muaj zog heev. Lawv cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb yog qhov nrawm nrawm ntawm lub teeb, ua tsaug rau qhov tso cov khoom siv lead ua rau saum npoo, uas muab cov cua sov tsis zoo.
Cov LEDs hauv nqe lus nug yog ci heev. Qhov no ua rau lawv nyob rau hauv kev thov tsuas yog siv rau hauv kev tsim lub tsheb headlights. Nws yog tsim nyog sau cia tias cov khoom no yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv tus account ib tug xov tooj ntawm nuances tseem ceeb - cov no tsuas yog paub rau cov kws paub txog kev paub. Yog li ntawd, nws raug nquahu kom hu rau lub chaw pabcuam muaj peev xwm txhawm rau txhim kho cov kev daws teeb meem tsim nyog.
