Hnub no yuav luag tsis pom ib tus neeg uas tseem yuav siv CRT saib lossis CRT TV qub. Cov txheej txheem no tau sai thiab ua tiav los ntawm LCD qauv raws li cov kua siv lead ua kua. Tab sis matrices tsis tseem ceeb tsawg. Cov kua siv lead ua kua thiab matrices yog dab tsi? Koj yuav kawm tag nrho cov no los ntawm peb tsab xov xwm.
Backstory
Thawj thawj zaug hauv ntiaj teb tau kawm txog cov kua siv lead ua kua hauv xyoo 1888, thaum tus kws tshaj lij botanist Friedrich Reinitzer nrhiav pom muaj cov khoom coj txawv txawv hauv cov nroj tsuag. Nws xav tsis thoob tias qee yam tshuaj, uas pib muaj cov qauv crystalline, hloov pauv lawv cov khoom thaum rhuab.
Yog li, ntawm qhov kub ntawm 178 degrees Celsius, cov khoom ua ntej dhau los ua huab, thiab tom qab ntawd dhau los ua kua. Tab sis qhov discoveries tsis xaus rau ntawd. Nws muab tawm hais tias cov kua coj txawv txawv electromagnetically manifests nws tus kheej li ib tug siv lead ua. Nws yog thaum ntawd lo lus "kua siv lead ua" tshwm.
Yuav ua li cas LCD matrices ua haujlwm
Qhov no yog qhov matrix raws li. Dab tsi yog matrix? nwslus tsis meej pem. Ib qho ntawm nws lub ntsiab lus yog lub laptop zaub, LCD saib lossis niaj hnub TV screen. Tam sim no peb yuav pom tias lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm lawv txoj haujlwm yog dab tsi.
Thiab nws yog ua raws li ib txwm polarization ntawm lub teeb. Yog tias koj nco qab cov chav kawm physics hauv tsev kawm ntawv, ces nws tsuas yog qhia tias qee yam khoom muaj peev xwm kis tau lub teeb ntawm ib qho spectrum xwb. Yog vim li cas ob lub polarizers ntawm lub kaum sab xis ntawm 90 degrees yuav tsis xa lub teeb txhua. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub thaum muaj qee cov cuab yeej nruab nrab ntawm lawv uas tuaj yeem tig lub teeb, peb yuav tuaj yeem kho qhov ci ci ntawm qhov ci thiab lwm yam tsis muaj. Feem ntau, qhov no yog qhov yooj yim matrix.
Simplified matrix arrangement
Ib qho LCD zaub ib txwm yuav muaj ntau qhov chaw ruaj khov:
- Teeb pom kev zoo.
- Reflectors uas ua kom qhov sib xws ntawm cov teeb pom kev saum toj no.
- Polarizers.
- iav substrate nrog conductive hu.
- Qee tus nqi ntawm cov kua siv lead ua tsis zoo.
- Lwm tus polarizer thiab substrate.
Txhua pixel ntawm xws li matrix yog tsim los ntawm liab, ntsuab thiab xiav dots, kev sib xyaw ua ke uas tso cai rau koj kom tau txais ib qho ntawm cov xim muaj. Yog tias koj tig tag nrho rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov tshwm sim yog dawb. Los ntawm txoj kev, qhov kev daws teeb meem ntawm matrix yog dab tsi? Qhov no yog tus naj npawb ntawm pixels ntawm nws (1280x1024, piv txwv).
Dab tsi yog matrices?
Muab nws yooj yim, lawv yog passive (yooj yim) thiab nquag. Passive - qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws, hauv lawvpixels hluav taws ua ntu zus, kab los ntawm kab. Yog li ntawd, thaum sim tsim cov khoom tsim tawm nrog kab pheeb ces kaum loj, nws tau muab tawm tias nws yog qhov tsim nyog los ua kom qhov ntev ntawm cov conductors. Yog li ntawd, tsis tsuas yog tus nqi nce ntxiv, tab sis qhov voltage kuj nce ntxiv, uas ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau ntxiv. Yog li ntawd, passive matrices tsuas yog siv tau rau hauv kev tsim cov saib pheej yig nrog lub kab pheeb ces kaum me.
Ntau hom kev saib xyuas, TFT, tso cai rau koj tswj txhua (!) ntawm ntau lab pixels cais. Qhov tseeb yog tias txhua pixel yog tswj los ntawm ib qho transistor cais. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv lub cell los ntawm kev poob nqi ntxov, ib lub capacitor cais ntxiv rau nws. Tau kawg, vim muaj cov tswv yim zoo li no, nws tuaj yeem txo qis lub sijhawm teb ntawm txhua pixel.
Kev ua lej yuam kev
Nyob rau hauv lej, matrix yog ib yam khoom sau ua ib lub rooj, cov ntsiab lus uas nyob rau ntawm qhov kev sib tshuam ntawm nws kab thiab kab. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias matrices feem ntau yog siv hauv computers. Tib cov zaub tuaj yeem txhais tau tias yog matrix. Txij li txhua pixel muaj qee qhov kev tswj hwm. Yog li, txhua daim duab uas tsim los ntawm lub laptop zaub yog matrix, cov hlwb uas muaj cov xim ntawm txhua pixel.
Txhua tus nqi yuav siv li 1 byte ntawm lub cim xeeb. Me ntsis? Alas, txawm tias qhov no, tsuas yog ib qho FullHD thav duab (1920 × 1080) yuav siv ob peb MB. Koj xav tau qhov chaw ntau npaum li cas rau 90 feeb? Yog vim li casdaim duab yog compressed. Hauv qhov no, tus txiav txim siab tseem ceeb heev.
Los ntawm txoj kev, matrix determinant yog dab tsi? Nws yog ib tug polynomial uas sib txuas cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub square matrix nyob rau hauv xws li ib txoj kev uas nws cov nqi yog khaws cia los ntawm transposition thiab linear ua ke ntawm kab los yog kab. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, ib tug matrix yog to taub raws li ib tug lej qhia uas piav txog cov kev npaj ntawm pixels nyob rau hauv uas lawv cov xim yog encoded. Nws hu ua square vim cov kab thiab kab hauv nws yog tib yam.
Vim li cas qhov no tseem ceeb? Qhov tseeb yog tias Haar hloov pauv tau siv hauv coding. Qhov tseem ceeb, Haar hloov pauv yog hais txog kev hloov cov ntsiab lus hauv txoj hauv kev uas lawv tuaj yeem yooj yim thiab compactly encoded. Yog li ntawd, ib qho orthogonal matrix tau txais, rau kev txiav txim siab uas tus txiav txim tau siv.
Tam sim no peb yuav saib cov hom loj ntawm matrix (peb twb paub lawm tias matrix nws tus kheej yog dab tsi).
TN+film
Ib qho pheej yig tshaj plaws thiab feem ntau cov qauv zaub niaj hnub no. Nws muaj lub sijhawm teb ceev ceev, tab sis tsis zoo rau cov xim luam tawm. Qhov teeb meem yog tias cov crystals nyob rau hauv no matrix nyob rau hauv thiaj li hais tias cov saib cov ces kaum yog negligible. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv qhov tshwm sim no, ib zaj yeeb yaj kiab tshwj xeeb tau tsim los uas tso cai rau pom qhov dav me ntsis.
Cov muaju nyob rau hauv no matrix yog teem nyob rau hauv ib kem, yog li zoo li cov tub rog ntawm parade. Cov crystals yog twisted mus rau hauv ib tug kauv, ua tsaug rau lawv cling zoo kawg nkaus nruj rau ib leeg. Txhawm rau kom cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg zoo rau cov substrates, tshwj xeebtsis.
Ib qho hluav taws xob txuas nrog txhua lub siv lead ua, uas tswj cov hluav taws xob ntawm nws. Yog tias tsis muaj qhov hluav taws xob, ces cov crystals tig 90 degrees, raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov teeb ci dhau los ntawm lawv. Nws hloov tawm ib txwm dawb pixel ntawm lub matrix. Liab lossis ntsuab yog dab tsi? Nws ua haujlwm li cas?
Thaum qhov hluav taws xob tau thov, cov kauv yog compressed, thiab qib ntawm compression ncaj qha nyob ntawm lub zog ntawm qhov tam sim no. Yog tias tus nqi siab tshaj plaws, ces cov crystals feem ntau tsis xa cov teeb, ua rau muaj xim dub. Kom tau txais cov xim grey thiab nws cov ntxoov ntxoo, txoj hauj lwm ntawm cov muaju hauv cov kauv yog kho kom lawv tso rau hauv qee qhov teeb.
Los ntawm txoj kev, los ntawm lub neej ntawd, txhua cov xim yeej ib txwm qhib rau hauv cov matrices, ua rau cov pixel dawb. Tias yog vim li cas nws thiaj li yooj yim los txheeb xyuas qhov kub hnyiab pixel, uas ib txwm pom zoo li lub teeb pom kev ntawm lub monitor. Muab hais tias matrices ntawm hom no ib txwm muaj teeb meem nrog cov xim luam tawm, nws nyuaj heev kom ua tiav cov zaub dub ib yam.
Yuav ua li cas kho qhov teeb meem no, cov kws ua haujlwm tau tso cov khoom siv lead ua rau ntawm lub kaum sab xis ntawm 210 °, ua rau cov xim zoo dua qub thiab lub sijhawm teb. Tab sis txawm nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, muaj ib co overlaps: tsis zoo li cov classic TN-matrices, muaj ib qho teeb meem nrog ntxoov dawb, cov xim tau muab ntxuav tawm. Qhov no yog li cas DSTN technology tau yug los. Nws lub ntsiab yog tias cov zaub tau muab faib ua ob halves, txhua tus yog tswj nyias. Cov zaub zoo tau zoo tuaj, tab sisnce qhov hnyav thiab nqi saib xyuas.
Nov yog qhov matrix nyob rau hauv TN+ zaj duab xis hom laptop.
S-IPS
Hitachi, tau raug kev txom nyem txaus los ntawm qhov tsis txaus ntawm cov thev naus laus zis yav dhau los, txiav txim siab tsis sim txhim kho nws ntxiv lawm, tab sis tsuas yog tsim ib yam dab tsi tshiab. Tsis tas li ntawd, xyoo 1971 Günter Baur pom tau tias cov khoom siv lead ua tuaj yeem muab tso tsis yog hauv cov kab sib tw, tab sis muab tso rau ib leeg ntawm ib lub iav substrate. Tau kawg, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub transmitting electrodes kuj txuas nrog.
Yog tias tsis muaj qhov hluav taws xob ntawm thawj lub lim dej polarizing, lub teeb dhau los ntawm nws txoj kev ywj pheej, tab sis khaws cia ntawm lub substrate thib ob, lub dav hlau ntawm polarization uas ib txwm nyob ntawm lub kaum sab xis ntawm 90 degrees nrog rau thawj. Vim qhov no, tsis tsuas yog cov lus teb ceev ntawm lub monitor nce ntau, tab sis cov xim dub yog xim dub tiag tiag, thiab tsis yog qhov txawv ntawm qhov tsaus grey tint. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov txuas ntxiv saib cov ces kaum yog qhov zoo dua.
Flaws of technology
Alas, tab sis kev sib hloov ntawm cov muaju, uas yog sib npaug rau ib leeg, siv sijhawm ntau dua. Thiab yog li ntawd, lub sij hawm teb ntawm cov qauv qub tau mus txog tus nqi cyclopean tiag tiag, 35-25 ms! Qee lub sij hawm nws tseem tuaj yeem soj ntsuam lub voj los ntawm tus cursor, thiab nws yog qhov zoo dua rau cov neeg siv kom tsis nco qab txog cov xwm txheej zoo hauv cov khoom ua si thiab cov yeeb yaj kiab.
Vim tias cov electrodes nyob rau tib lub substrate, ntau lub zog yuav tsum tau tig cov muaju hauv qhov xav tau. Thiab yog li ntawd txhua yamIPS saib tsis tshua tau txais lub Hnub Qub Zog rau kev lag luam. Tau kawg, txhawm rau teeb lub substrate kuj yuav tsum tau siv lub teeb muaj zog dua, thiab qhov no tsis txhim kho qhov teeb meem nrog kev siv hluav taws xob ntau ntxiv.
Qhov kev tsim khoom ntawm cov matrices yog siab, thiab yog li ntawd, txog rau tam sim no, lawv tau kim heev. Hauv luv luv, nrog txhua qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo, cov saib xyuas no zoo rau cov neeg tsim qauv: lawv cov xim zoo yog qhov zoo heev, thiab lub sijhawm teb tuaj yeem muab txi rau qee qhov xwm txheej.
Nov yog dab tsi IPS vaj huam sib luag yog.
MVA/PVA
Vim tias ob qho tib si saum toj no cov sensors muaj qhov tsis zoo uas tsis tuaj yeem tshem tawm, Fujitsu tau tsim cov thev naus laus zis tshiab. Qhov tseeb, MVA / PVA yog hloov kho ntawm IPS. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb yog cov electrodes. Lawv nyob rau ntawm ob substrate nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm peculiar daim duab peb sab. Qhov kev daws teeb meem no tso cai rau cov crystals teb sai dua rau cov kev hloov pauv hluav taws xob, thiab xim rendering yuav zoo dua.
koob yees duab
Thiab dab tsi yog matrix hauv lub koob yees duab? Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, qhov no yog lub npe ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib siv lead ua, uas tseem hu ua lub charge-coupled ntaus ntawv (CCD). Ntau lub hlwb hauv lub koob yees duab matrix, qhov zoo dua. Thaum lub koob yees duab shutter qhib, ib tug kwj ntawm electrons hla lub matrix: qhov ntau muaj, qhov muaj zog tam sim no tshwm sim. Raws li, tsis muaj tam sim no tsim nyob rau hauv qhov tsaus ntuj nti. Cov cheeb tsam ntawm cov matrix uas rhiab rau qee cov xim, hauvtshwm sim thiab tsim ib daim duab tiav.
Los ntawm txoj kev, qhov loj ntawm matrix yog dab tsi, yog tias peb tham txog computers lossis laptops? Nws yooj yim - qhov no yog lub npe ntawm kab pheeb ces kaum.
