Brushless electric motors yog siv nyob rau hauv cov khoom siv kho mob, aircraft qauv, cov yeeb nkab kaw-off drives ntawm cov roj pipelines, raws li zoo raws li nyob rau hauv ntau lwm yam lag luam. Tab sis lawv muaj lawv qhov tsis zoo, nta, thiab qhov zoo, uas qee zaum ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim ntau yam khoom siv. Ua li ntawd, xws li hluav taws xob motors nyob hauv ib qho me me thaum piv nrog asynchronous AC machines.
Txhim kho lub cev muaj zog
Ib qho ntawm cov laj thawj vim li cas cov neeg tsim qauv nyiam cov motors tsis muaj txhuam yog qhov xav tau rau cov motors ceev nrog qhov me me. Ntxiv mus, cov cav no muaj qhov tseeb heev. Tus tsim muaj ib tug txav rotor thiab ib tug ruaj stator. Nyob rau hauv lub rotor muaj ib tug mus tas li hlau nplaum los yog ob peb, teem nyob rau hauv ib tug tej yam ib theem zuj zus. Ntawm stator muaj cov coils uas tsimmagnetic teb.
Ib qho ntxiv yuav tsum tau sau tseg - brushless motors tuaj yeem muaj lub thauj tog rau nkoj nyob sab hauv thiab sab nraud. Yog li ntawd, ob hom kev tsim kho yuav muaj kev siv tshwj xeeb hauv ntau qhov chaw. Thaum lub armature nyob rau hauv, nws hloov tawm kom ua tiav qhov kev sib hloov ceev heev, yog li cov motors ua haujlwm zoo heev hauv kev tsim cov tshuab cua txias. Yog hais tias tus tsav sab nraud rotor raug teeb tsa, qhov kev tso tawm meej heev tuaj yeem ua tiav, nrog rau kev ua haujlwm siab dhau. Feem ntau, cov motors no siv rau hauv cov neeg hlau, cov cuab yeej kho mob, hauv cov cuab yeej siv tshuab nrog kev tswj hwm zaus.
How motors ua haujlwm
Yuav kom tsav lub rotor ntawm lub cev tsis muaj zog DC, koj yuav tsum siv lub microcontroller tshwj xeeb. Nws tsis tuaj yeem pib ua tib yam li lub tshuab synchronous lossis asynchronous. Nrog kev pab los ntawm lub microcontroller, nws tig tawm los tig lub cav windings kom cov kev taw qhia ntawm magnetic teb vectors ntawm stator thiab armature yog orthogonal.
Hauv lwm lo lus, nrog kev pab ntawm tus neeg tsav tsheb, nws muaj peev xwm tswj tau lub zog torque uas ua rau lub rotor ntawm lub cev tsis muaj zog. Txhawm rau txav lub armature, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua qhov kev hloov pauv hauv stator windings. Hmoov tsis zoo, nws tsis tuaj yeem muab kev sib hloov kom zoo. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tuaj yeem nce sai heev.lub cev muaj zog rotor ceev.
Qhov sib txawv ntawm txhuam thiab txhuam tsis muaj lub cev muaj zog
Qhov txawv tseem ceeb yog qhov tsis muaj lub cev muaj zog rau cov qauv tsis muaj qhov cua ntawm lub rotor. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm collector electric motors, muaj windings ntawm lawv rotors. Tab sis cov hlau nplaum tas mus li raug ntsia rau ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb ntawm lub cav. Tsis tas li ntawd, ib tug collector ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb tsim yog ntsia rau ntawm lub rotor, uas graphite txhuam txuas nrog. Nrog lawv cov kev pab, voltage yog siv rau lub rotor winding. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev tsis muaj zog kuj tseem sib txawv.
Yuav ua li cas lub tshuab sau ua haujlwm
Txhawm rau pib lub cev muaj zog, koj yuav tsum tau siv qhov hluav taws xob rau lub tshav pob winding, uas nyob ncaj qha rau ntawm armature. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, ib tug tas mus li magnetic teb yog tsim, uas interacts nrog cov hlau nplaum ntawm lub stator, raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm cov armature thiab lub collector tsau rau nws tig. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub hwj chim yog muab rau lub tom ntej winding, lub voj voog yog rov ua dua.
Qhov ceev ntawm kev sib hloov ntawm lub rotor nyob ncaj qha nyob ntawm seb qhov sib nqus ntawm qhov sib nqus yog li cas, thiab qhov kawg tus yam ntxwv nyob ntawm qhov loj ntawm qhov voltage. Yog li ntawd, txhawm rau nce lossis txo qhov nrawm, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los hloov cov khoom siv voltage.
Yuav ua li cas thim rov qab, koj tsuas yog yuav tsum tau hloov lub polarity ntawm lub cev muaj zog txuas. Rau xws li kev tswj, nws tsis yog yuav tsum tau siv tshwj xeeb microcontrollers,koj tuaj yeem hloov qhov kev sib hloov ceev uas siv cov pa sib txawv ntawm cov resistor.
Txheej txheem ntawm cov tshuab tsis txhuam hniav
Tab sis kev tswj ntawm lub tshuab tsis txhuam tsis tuaj yeem ua tsis tau yam tsis muaj kev siv cov tswj tshwj xeeb. Raws li qhov no, peb tuaj yeem xaus tias cov motors ntawm hom no tsis tuaj yeem siv los ua lub tshuab hluav taws xob. Rau kev tswj tau zoo, txoj haujlwm ntawm lub rotor tuaj yeem saib xyuas siv ntau lub Hall sensors. Nrog kev pab los ntawm cov cuab yeej yooj yim no, nws tuaj yeem txhim kho kev ua tau zoo, tab sis tus nqi ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob yuav nce ntau zaus.
pib brushless motors
Nws ua rau tsis muaj kev nkag siab los ua microcontrollers ntawm koj tus kheej, qhov kev xaiv zoo dua yuav yog yuav npaj ua, txawm tias Suav. Tab sis koj yuav tsum ua raws li cov lus pom zoo hauv qab no thaum xaiv:
- Nco ntsoov qhov siab tshaj plaws tso cai tam sim no. Qhov parameter no yuav pab tau rau ntau hom kev ua haujlwm tsav. Cov yam ntxwv feem ntau qhia los ntawm cov tuam ntxhab ncaj qha hauv cov qauv npe. Tsis tshua muaj heev, qhov tseem ceeb tau qhia tias yog qhov zoo rau cov hom siab tshaj plaws, uas lub microcontroller tsis tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tau ntev.
- Rau kev ua haujlwm tas mus li, qhov siab tshaj plaws muab hluav taws xob yuav tsum raug coj mus rau hauv tus account.
- Nco ntsoov xav txog qhov tsis kam ntawm tag nrho cov microcontroller circuits.
- Nco ntsoov coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov kiv puag ncig uas yog qhov zoo rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm microcontroller no. Thov nco ntsoov tias nws tsis yogyuav muaj peev xwm ua kom qhov siab tshaj plaws ceev, txij li qhov kev txwv yog tsim los ntawm software theem.
- Cov qauv pheej yig ntawm cov khoom siv microcontroller muaj qhov zaus ntawm cov pulses generated nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 7…8 kHz. Cov ntawv luam kim tuaj yeem rov ua dua, thiab qhov ntsuas no nce 2-4 zaug.
Sim xaiv cov microcontrollers txhua yam, vim lawv cuam tshuam rau lub zog uas lub tshuab hluav taws xob tuaj yeem txhim kho.
Yuav ua li cas tswj hwm
Lub tshuab hluav taws xob tswj tau tso cai hloov lub tsav windings. Txhawm rau txiav txim siab lub sijhawm hloov pauv siv tus tsav tsheb, txoj haujlwm ntawm lub rotor yog saib xyuas los ntawm Hall sensor ntsia ntawm lub tsav.
Yog tias tsis muaj cov khoom siv zoo li no, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau nyeem qhov rov qab voltage. Nws yog tsim nyob rau hauv stator coils uas tsis txuas rau lub sijhawm no. Tus maub los yog ib qho nyuaj-software complex, nws tso cai rau koj taug qab txhua qhov kev hloov pauv thiab teeb tsa kev hloov pauv kom raug raws li qhov ua tau.
Peb-theem brushless motors
Ntau lub tshuab hluav taws xob tsis muaj hluav taws xob rau cov qauv dav hlau yog siv los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ncaj qha. Tab sis kuj muaj peb theem piv txwv nyob rau hauv uas converters raug ntsia. Lawv tso cai rau koj ua peb-theem pulses los ntawm qhov hluav taws xob tas li.
Ua haujlwm yog raws li hauv qab no:
- Coil "A" tau txais pulses los ntawmtus nqi zoo. Ntawm kauj "B" - nrog tus nqi tsis zoo. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, lub thauj tog rau nkoj yuav pib txav mus. Cov sensors kho qhov hloov pauv thiab lub teeb liab raug xa mus rau tus maub los rau kev hloov mus tom ntej.
- Chev "A" raug kaw, thaum lub mem tes zoo raug xa mus rau "C" winding. Hloov winding "B" tsis hloov.
- Cov mem tes zoo yog siv rau kauj "C" thiab cov mem tes tsis zoo raug xa mus rau "A".
- Ces khub "A" thiab "B" los ua si. Cov txiaj ntsig zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov pulses tau pub rau lawv, feem.
- Tom qab ntawd tus mem tes zoo rov mus rau "B" kauj, thiab qhov tsis zoo mus rau "C".
- Thaum kawg, kauj "A" qhib, uas tau txais cov mem tes zoo, thiab qhov tsis zoo mus rau C.
Thiab tom qab ntawd tag nrho lub voj voog rov ua dua.
txiaj ntsig ntawm kev siv
Nws yog qhov nyuaj los ua lub tshuab hluav taws xob brushless nrog koj tus kheej tes, thiab nws yuav luag tsis yooj yim sua kom siv microcontroller tswj. Yog li ntawd, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los siv kev npaj ua lag luam tsim. Tab sis nco ntsoov xav txog cov txiaj ntsig uas tus tsav tau txais thaum siv brushless motors:
- Cov peev txheej ntev dua li cov tshuab sau.
- qib kev ua haujlwm siab.
- Ntau zog tshaj txhuam lub cev muaj zog.
- Kev sib hloov ceev tuaj yeem nrawm dua.
- Tsis muaj txim taws thaum ua haujlwm, yog li lawv tuaj yeem siv rau hauv ib puag ncig uas muaj hluav taws kub hnyav.
- tsav tsheb yooj yim heev.
- Tsis tas yuav siv cov khoom cua txias ntxiv thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm.
Ntawm qhov tsis txaus, ib tus tuaj yeem tawm ib tus nqi siab heev, yog tias peb kuj suav nrog tus nqi ntawm tus maub los. Txawm tias ib lub sij hawm luv luv los qhib xws li lub tshuab hluav taws xob los xyuas qhov kev ua tau zoo yuav tsis ua haujlwm. Tsis tas li ntawd, kho cov motors no nyuaj dua vim lawv cov qauv tsim.
