Electrode muaj peev xwm yog qhov sib txawv ntawm electrostatic muaj peev xwm ntawm electrolyte thiab electrode. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm yog vim qhov sib cais ntawm cov nqi, uas muaj cov cim qhia ntawm theem sib cais ciam teb nrog kev tsim hluav taws xob ob txheej.
Kev sib cais ntawm tus nqi ntawm tus ciam teb ntawm cov hlau electrode thiab cov tshuaj electrolyte yog txuam nrog cov phenomena xws li kev hloov ntawm ions los ntawm cov hlau mus rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim electrochemical equilibrium, nrog rau adsorption ntawm ions los ntawm electrolyte mus rau electrode nto; tshem tawm cov pa tawm sab nraum lub ionic zoo them siv lead ua lattice; non-Coulomb adsorption ntawm ions los yog kua molecules ntawm ib qho electrode. Vim yog ob qhov xwm txheej kawg, lub peev xwm electrode yeej tsis sib npaug rau xoom, txawm tias tus nqi ntawm cov hlau nto yog xoom. Tus nqi tiag tiag ntawm lub peev xwm ntawm ib qho electrode tsis tau txiav txim siab; rau qhov no, siv txoj kev sib piv cov ntaub ntawv siv thiab kuaj electrodes. Electrode muaj peev xwmsib npaug rau qhov loj ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob (EMF) tau txais hauv electrochemical circuit.
Rau cov kev daws teeb meem dej, nws yog ib txwm siv hydrogen electrodes. Cov txheej txheem ntawm hom no yog siv los ua cov qauv rau ntau yam kev ntsuas electrochemical, nrog rau hauv cov khoom siv galvanic. Lub hydrogen electrode yog hlau hlau los yog phaj uas absorbs hydrogen gas zoo (palladium los yog platinum feem ntau siv). Xws li lub phaj-hlau yog saturated nrog hydrogen ntawm atmospheric siab, tom qab uas nws yog immersed nyob rau hauv ib tug aqueous tov nplua nuj nyob rau hauv hydrogen ions. Lub peev xwm ntawm cov phaj zoo li no yog proportional rau qhov concentration ntawm ions hauv cov tshuaj. Lub caij yog tus qauv, lub peev xwm electrode ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshuaj yog ntsuas txheeb ze rau nws.
Thaum sib sau ua ke galvanic hlwb raws li cov khoom siv hydrogen thiab kuaj tau, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv (rov qab tau) tshwm sim rau saum npoo ntawm platinum pawg hlau, uas txhais tau hais tias yog txo lossis oxidation txheej txheem. Hom txheej txheem nyob ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis tu ncua ntawm cov khoom raug txiav txim siab. Lub peev xwm ntawm hydrogen electrode yog muab sib npaug zos rau xoom thaum lub hydrogen siab yog ib qho chaw, cov proton concentration ntawm cov tshuaj yog ib tug mole ib liter, thiab kub yog 298 K. Yog hais tias lub caij nyob rau hauv kev kawm nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv siv, uas yog., thaum qhov kev ua ntawm cov ions cuam tshuam rau lub peev xwm yog ib qho, thiab cov roj siab - 0, 101 MPa, tus nqi ntawm qhov peev xwm no yog hu ua tus qauv.
ntsuas EMFgalvanic electrode nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem, suav cov txheej txheem electrode peev xwm ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Feem ntau cov nqi no yog ntsuas nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob thaum tag nrho cov thermodynamic kev ua ub no ntawm lub peev xwm-txiav txim siab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog sib npaug zos rau kev sib sau, thiab cov roj siab yog 0.01105 Pa. Lub peev xwm ntawm cov khoom nyob rau hauv kev sim yog suav tias yog qhov zoo yog tias, nyob rau hauv "tam sim no qhov chaw" hom, electrons txav los ntawm sab laug mus rau sab xis nyob rau hauv sab nraud Circuit Court, thiab zoo nqi hais mus rau hauv lub electrolyte.
