Piav seb lub capacitor yog dab tsi, peb yuav tsum nkag siab meej lub hauv paus ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab kev tsim qauv ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis tseem ceeb ntawm txhua yam khoom siv hluav taws xob ntau dua lossis tsawg dua.
Ib lub capacitor yog ib qho ntawm cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob uas muaj ob daim hlau hluav taws xob, txhua tus muaj cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob ntawm cov khoom sib txawv. Cov phaj yog sib cais los ntawm dielectric, uas pab lawv khaws cov nqi no.
Muaj ntau yam khoom siv insulating siv hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, suav nrog ceramic, mica, tantalum, thiab polystyrene. Insulators xws li huab cua, ntawv thiab yas kuj tau siv dav hauv kev tsim cov capacitors. Txhua yam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no zoo tiv thaiv cov phaj capacitor tsis txhob kov ib leeg.
Dab tsi yog qhov capacitance ntawm lub capacitor?
Lub tswvyim ntawm "capacitance capacitance" qhia nws lub peev xwm los khaws cov nqi hluav taws xob. Chav tsev ntawm capacitance yog Farad.
Yog tias lub capacitor khaws cov nqi ntawm 1 pendant nrog qhov sib txawv ntawm nws daim hlau ntawm 1 Volt, ces nws muaj peev xwm ntawm ib qho Farad. Hauv kev muaj tiag, chav tsev no loj dhau rau feem ntau cov kev siv. Yam khoom muaj nqiscapacitances thaum siv cov capacitors poob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm mifarad (10-3 F), microfarad (10-6 F) thiab picofarad (10-12 F).
Dab tsi yog capacitors?
Yuav kom nkag siab tias lub capacitor yog dab tsi, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum xav txog cov hom tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom no, nyob ntawm lub hom phiaj, kev thov thiab hom dielectric.
Electrolytic capacitors yog siv nyob rau hauv circuits uas yuav tsum tau muaj capacitance siab. Feem ntau ntawm cov ntsiab lus no yog polar. Cov khoom siv rau lawv yog tantalum lossis aluminium. Aluminium electrolytic capacitor yog pheej yig dua thiab muaj kev siv dav dua. Txawm li cas los xij, tantalum muaj qhov ua tau zoo dua qhov ua tau zoo dua qub thiab ua haujlwm zoo dua hluav taws xob.
Tantalum capacitors muaj tantalum oxide ua dielectric. Lawv txawv los ntawm kev ntseeg siab, zoo zaus yam ntxwv, dav kev khiav hauj lwm kub ntau yam. Lawv tau siv dav hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas yuav tsum muaj qhov siab ntawm capacitance hauv ib pob me me. Vim lawv qhov zoo, lawv tau tsim nyob rau hauv ntau ntim rau cov kev xav tau ntawm kev lag luam electronics.
Qhov tsis zoo ntawm tantalum capacitors suav nrog rhiab heev rau tam sim no ripple thiab overvoltage, nrog rau tus nqi siab ntawm cov khoom no.
Fais fab capacitor feem ntau yog siv nyob rau hauv high voltage systems. Lawv tau dav siv los them nyiaj rau kev poob hauv cov kab hluav taws xob, nrog rau kev txhim kho lub zog ntawm lub zogindustrial hluav taws xob installation. Ua los ntawm cov khoom zoo metallized propylene zaj duab xis nrog tshwj xeeb impregnation nrog cov roj uas tsis muaj tshuaj lom.
Tej zaum muaj kev kho tus kheej rau kev puas tsuaj sab hauv, uas ua rau lawv muaj kev ntseeg siab ntxiv thiab ua rau lawv lub neej ua haujlwm.
Ceramic capacitor muaj cov ceramic ua cov khoom siv dielectric. Lawv muaj kev ua haujlwm siab ua haujlwm voltage, kev ntseeg siab, poob qis thiab tus nqi qis.
Qhov ntau ntawm cov peev txheej txawv ntawm ob peb picofarads mus txog 0.1 uF. Tam sim no lawv yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv dav dav siv hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.
Silver mica capacitors tau hloov pauv cov ntsiab lus mica uas tau nthuav dav dhau los. Nta muaj kev ruaj ntseg siab, kaw vaj tsev thiab muaj peev xwm loj hauv ib chav tsev ntim.
Kev siv dav ntawm cov nyiaj-mica capacitors yog hampered los ntawm lawv cov txheeb ze tus nqi siab.
Daim ntawv thiab cov ntawv hlau-cov ntawv capacitors muaj cov phaj ua los ntawm cov ntawv txhuas nyias, thiab cov ntawv tshwj xeeb impregnated nrog cov khoom (molten) lossis kua dielectric yog siv los ua dielectric. Lawv yog siv nyob rau hauv low-frequency circuits ntawm xov tooj cua pab kiag li lawm ntawm high tam sim no. Lawv kuj pheej yig.
Dab tsi yog lub capacitor rau
Muaj ntau tuspiv txwv ntawm kev siv cov capacitors rau ntau lub hom phiaj. Tshwj xeeb, lawv tau dav siv los khaws cov cim analog thiab cov ntaub ntawv digital. Cov capacitors sib txawv yog siv hauv kev sib txuas lus los kho cov zaus thiab cov khoom siv sib txuas lus.
Ib qho piv txwv ntawm lawv daim ntawv thov yog siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Nyob ntawd, cov ntsiab lus no ua txoj haujlwm ntawm smoothing (filtering) lub rectified voltage ntawm cov zis ntawm cov khoom siv no. Lawv kuj tuaj yeem siv rau hauv qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov hluav taws xob los tsim cov hluav taws xob siab ntau zaus ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Capacitors tau siv dav hauv ntau hom kev hloov hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis cuam tshuam rau cov khoom siv computer, thiab lwm yam.
Piav seb lub capacitor yog dab tsi, ib tus tsis tuaj yeem hais tias lub caij no tuaj yeem ua haujlwm zoo heev ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv kev muaj tiag, qhov kev ua haujlwm no muaj qee qhov kev txwv vim qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov yam ntxwv insulating ntawm cov siv dielectric. Txawm li cas los xij, lub capacitor muaj peev xwm khaws cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob tau ntev heev thaum txiav tawm ntawm cov nqi hluav taws xob, yog li nws tuaj yeem siv los ua lub zog ib ntus.
Vim lawv lub cev lub cev tshwj xeeb, cov ntsiab lus no tau pom muaj kev siv dav hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob uas niaj hnub no tsis tshua muaj uas cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis suav nrog tsawg kawg ib qho piv txwv rau txhua lub hom phiaj.
Summming, peb tuaj yeem hais tias lub capacitor yogib feem tseem ceeb ntawm ntau yam khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob, yam tsis muaj kev vam meej ntxiv hauv kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis yuav tsis xav txog.
Qhov ntawd yog qhov capacitor!
