Cov txheej txheem kev tsim qauv tau pib ntev dhau los, nyob rau lub sijhawm thaum Soviet acoustic tshuab tau sawv cev los ntawm cov xov tooj cua nruab nrab thiab ntev-yoj tshaj tawm, uas yog, ua ntej cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov kaw lus kaw tau tshwm sim ntawm cov pej xeem. Cov txheej txheem mus sai sai. Standardization tshwm sim - unprecedented nyob rau hauv cov neeg siv khoom lag luam ntawm domestic electronics. Qhov nthuav tshaj plaws yog qhov txheej txheem tseem tsis tau nres.
Start
Lub Ib Hlis 1951 tau cim los ntawm Thawj Lub Xeev All-Union Standard (GOST 5651-51) rau cov xov tooj cua tshaj tawm xov tooj cua, uas yog Soviet acoustic systems tau txais cov kev cai dav dav tshaj plaws rau kev tsim suab nrov. Lawm, qhov zoo no tsis tuaj yeem muab piv nrog cov peev txheej niaj hnub no, tab sis thaum lub sijhawm ntawd nws yog qhov txaus siab tiag tiag rau cov neeg mloog nyiam tshaj plaws. Ua ntejSoviet acoustic systems tau txais cov yam ntxwv zaus (thaum xub thawj nws txhawj xeeb tsuas yog cov xov tooj cua tau txais): qhov kev ncaj ncees nkhaus, uas yog, cov lus teb zaus ntawm tag nrho cov neeg tau txais txoj hauv kev ntawm lub suab siab, yuav tsum xyuas kom muaj kev tsim tawm ntawm cov qhab ntawm cov uas twb tau teev tseg lawm. First class receiver, piv txwv li (desktop) - 60 txog 6500 Hz.
Cov zaus bands teev los ntawm GOST yuav tsum tau tsim tawm tsis sib npaug, tab sis tsis pub tshaj tsib zaug 14 dB (txhua qhov ntau), tshwj tsis yog rau cov zaus qis dua 250 kHz, qhov tsis sib xws txog yim zaus - 18 dB tau tso cai rau ntawd. Qhov hluav taws xob zaus teb tsis yog tus qauv los ntawm GOST txhua, txij li lub suab ntawm lub receiver yog qhov kawg txiav txim siab los ntawm nws cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb ntawm lub suab siab. First class receiver mus txog 100 Hz nrog ib tug harmonic coefficient ntawm 12%, ntawm frequencies mus txog 400 Hz - 7%, thiab tshaj 400 - 5%. Cov neeg koom nrog yuav nco ntsoov nrog kev xav, thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas yuav xav tsis thoob: lawv cov txiv thiab yawg puas nkag siab yam tsawg kawg yog qee yam ntsig txog lub suab zoo. Txawm li cas los, Soviet acoustic systems tsis tau tsuas yog muaj, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv zoo thov. Thiab txawm tias niaj hnub no, cov neeg paub txog tiag tiag them nyiaj ntau heev rau qhov "retro".
Technology
Soviet acoustic systems, uas tau tshuaj xyuas nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm no, ib txwm txaus siab rau qhov originality ntawm cov thev naus laus zis siv, txawm tias tseem ceeb mus txog rau tsib caug xyoo dhau los. Ntawm no, piv txwv li, xav txog lub suab nrov zoo tib yam, ib puag ncig uas cov neeg coob coob tuaj koommloog cov lus los ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Xov Xwm thaum lub sijhawm ua tsov rog xyoo. Tus neeg hais lus tsis txaus ntseeg. Txog rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo 50s, tsis muaj cov hlau nplaum uas muaj zog ruaj khov, thiab yog li ntawd cov neeg hais lus zoo tau nruab nrog cov khoom siv hlau coils - electromagnets, uas tseem ua haujlwm lim chokes rau lub teeb hluav taws xob.
Kev hloov pauv tam sim no tau muab keeb kwm yav dhau los, peb yuav tsum tau tawm tsam nrog nws thiab tsis muaj tsawg los yeej yeej. Los ntawm txoj kev, thawj Soviet acoustic systems ua nyob rau hauv lub USSR, ua rau me me thiab tsis txawm acoustic tsim receiver rooj plaub, muaj raws nraim tib yam hais lus. Nws suab zoo thiab convincing. Txawm tias peb cov neeg nyob ib puag ncig pom nws nyuaj los piav txog qhov tshwm sim no. Raws li qhov GOST no thiab tag nrho nws cov kev hloov kho tom ntej, ntau tus neeg txais khoom siv tes ua tau tsim, uas ua haujlwm ncaj ncees rau ntau tiam neeg ntawm cov tswv, thiab yog tias koj tau txais lawv los ntawm lub teb chaws attics, lawv ua haujlwm tau zoo niaj hnub no.
Symphony
Thawj qhov khoom pov thawj ntawm peb qhov kev tshuaj xyuas, raws li lub tshuab hluav taws xob hauv tsev stereophonic tam sim no yuav raug hu ua "suab paj nruag", txij li nws muaj lub xov tooj cua txais xov tooj cua thiab cov ntaub ntawv kaw lus, uas tam sim no hu ua vinyl thoob ntiaj teb. Rau ib lub sij hawm ntev heev, nws yog tus qauv ntawm cov suab nrov zoo, thiab txawm tias tam sim no qhov tsawg tshaj plaws thiab kim tshaj Soviet acoustic systems tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog nws. Rau lub suab zoo dua ntawm qhov tsawg zaus, lub kaw lus kaw nrog ntau cov kab noj hniav resonators tau siv nyob ntawd. Soviet acoustic hais lus "Symphony" muaj plaub lub suab nrov:ZGD-15 high-frequency, ob 2GD-28 nruab nrab zaus thiab ib qho 5GD-3 tsawg zaus. Txhawm rau cais cov zaus, cov ntxaij lim dej tau siv ncaj qha rau hauv kab lawv tus kheej.
Cov zaus tau hloov mus rau 100 thiab 50 Hz, thiab lub lim tau txwv cov thawj thiab thib ob harmonics ntawm lub ntsiab zaus ntawm txoj kev amplifying, tshem tawm qhov tsis muaj "hump" ntawm 60-80 Hz, uas yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov neeg hais lus uas muaj nyob hauv. cov hnub ntawd. Cov khoom siv vintage yog qhov xav tau zoo rau niaj hnub no, txawm hais tias nws qhov rhiab heev, nrog rau nws lub zog, qis, thiab kev sib txawv yog siab.
Ntawm transistors
Tube xov tooj cua yog cov khoom lag luam tsawg, lawv kim heev rau lub sijhawm ntev, tab sis yuav luag txhua lub tsev hauv 60s thiab 70s xws li xov tooj cua tau nthuav tawm thiab nyiam kev hlub zoo los ntawm tag nrho tsev neeg: los ntawm cov laus nyiam ua yeeb yam rau cov tub ntxhais hluas ardent Beatles, vim nws ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm txhua lub hnub nyoog. Hnub so tau npaj nrog nws, nws tau pab "nyob thiab tsim". Tom qab ntawd muaj lub tso suab kaw suab ntawm cov transistors, txawm tias kim dua thiab xav tau ntau dua. Lawv tsim ntau lub zog tso zis ntau, thiab lawv xav tau lwm yam, ntau dua acoustics. Thiab nws tshwm sim.
Los ntawm feem ntau AS 10MAS-1M mus rau kab "Amfiton", qhov twgtau siv lub suab nrov qis qis qis nrog lub diffuser ncua kev kawm. Lawv tsis tau tiav, cov tswv txawj coj lub rooj sib txoos rau hauv siab. Piv txwv li, huab cua tau khiav tawm ntawm qhov qhib ntawm Amphiton kem nrog lub zog loj, kom nws muaj peev xwm tua tau qhov sib tw hlawv. Yog li ntawd, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, tag nrho cov kab nrib pleb tau ntim nrog epoxy resin. Nws yog nyob rau hauv lub 70s uas Soviet xov tooj cua engineers tuaj mus rau lub xaus hais tias kev luam ntawm Western qauv yuav ho txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm domestic khoom.
Radio Engineering
S90 tuaj rau cov neeg los ntawm cov teb chaws B altic hauv xyoo 1978 nrog lub suab nrov nrov 35AC-1, uas tau ua rau cov koob no. Lub koom haum Riga ntau lawm "Radiotekhnika", thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog lub chaw tsim khoom tsim "Orbita", yog tus tsim qauv ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob tshiab Soviet. Txawm tias cov neeg nyiam ua haujlwm siab tshaj plaws yuav tsis xav tsis thoob los ntawm cov neeg hais lus tau teeb tsa ntawm "Xov tooj cua Engineering S90", tab sis cov neeg hais lus zoo li no tsis muaj qhov sib piv nyob qhov twg hauv ntiaj teb. Fiberboard (Fibreboard) tsis tau siv nyob ntawd.
Lawv tau hloov los ntawm lub dav hlau tiag tiag plywood rau ntawm phab ntsa pem hauv ntej thiab tuab thiab hnyav zoo ntoo boards ntawm tag nrho lwm cov vaj huam sib luag. Tsuas yog ib lub thawv ntawd hnyav nees nkaum peb kilograms. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no acoustics tau dhau los ua kev nyiam ntawm cov neeg siv khoom. Nyob rau hauv cov hnub, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm Riga cog rau cov neeg nyiam suab paj nruag tau hais txog tib yam li Kalashnikov phom phom thaum ua tsov rog. Qhov no yog cov lus dab neeg nyob ntawm kev tsim kho hauv tsev. Txog niaj hnub no, ntau pua lub tshuab ua haujlwm pab cov neeg nyiam suab paj nruag uas maj mamupdate.
Dab tsi nyob hauv
Nws yog tsim nyog unscrewing ob lub kaum os screws kho rooj plaub, tshem tawm cov hlau phaj los ntawm sab saum toj ntawm lub vaj huam sib luag pem hauv ntej, thiab ces ua tib zoo tshem tawm lub woofer, ib daim duab tsim nyog ntawm kev txaus siab ntawm ib tug naturalist yuav qhib. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, qhov no yog gauze thiab paj rwb ntaub plaub, los ntawm uas ib tug thiab ib tug ib nrab meter txaj yog ua, glued mus rau lub siab. Lub puab nto ntawm lub cev zoo li yuav tsis tshem tau, dua li, lub txaj npog cov theem inverter yeeb nkab, nws lumen yuav luag ib nrab kaw. Txawm li cas los xij, koj tuaj yeem mus rau phab ntsa tom qab. Nyob ntawd, ntawm lub hauv paus steel, crossover yog ntxiv dag zog, thiab cov xov hlau los ntawm nws lub davhlau ya nyob twg thaiv ua rau cov keyboards rau attenuating midrange thiab treble theem, hauv paus ntsiab lus, tag nrho redundant.
Lawv nyob ib sab ntawm cov neeg hais lus ntawm tib lub npe. Txawm li cas los xij, koj tuaj yeem pom tias, txawm tias muaj qhov tsis txaus ntseeg tshaj plaws hauv kev sib dhos, S90 series tau zoo txaus uas nws sawv cev rau qhov kev sib tw hauv qhov tseeb Hi-Fi. Muaj kev xav tias 6AS 2 "Xov tooj cua Engineering" tsis zoo dua. Cov no yog cov tshuab acoustic me me rau kev ua tiav thawj pawg ntawm cov tshuab hluav taws xob ("Melody-101, 102, 103, 105 Stereo", piv txwv li). Tom qab kev kho kom tsim nyog, cov hais lus no muab lub suab zoo heev. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, lub Soviet kev lag luam tsim ntau tshaj li tsib caug qauv ntawm acoustic systems rau domestic hom phiaj, ntawm ntau haiv neeg. Qhov no tsis suav nrog tsawg tsawg, cov teeb tsa pop nkaus xwb thiab cov qauv txwv tsis pub dhau.
Leningrad
Acoustic systems 75AC 001 - kawgkev loj hlob ntawm VNIIRPA npe tom qab Popov, nkag mus rau hauv lub koob. Qhov "swan song" ntawm lub tsev kem hauv tsev yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv uas thaum tsim qhov project, kev ua lej tau siv, kev ua kom zoo ntawm cov khoom siv hauv computer (lub taub hau thiab crossover). Muaj ntau qhov zoo hauv qhov system no: lub suab nrov nrov ntawm lub cim tshiab (10GDV-4, 30GDS-1, 100GDN-3), los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv rhiab heev rau tsev neeg ntawm cov yim caum - 91 dBm. Ntau qhov ntau zaus tau muab nrog qhov tsis sib xws me me thiab cuam tshuam me ntsis.
Ob lub tsev tsim khoom yuav luag zoo tib yam acoustic systems: Corvette (Okeanpribor, Leningrad) thiab Cleaver (Krasny Luch, Taganrog). Cov teeb tsa ntawm cov hais lus nrov, cov qauv tsim thiab circuits rau cov qauv yog tib yam, txawm li cas los xij, hauv Taganrog, cov neeg hais lus kuj tau tsim rau cov neeg hais lus. Tam sim no tsis muaj kev nqis peev hauv electronics. Cov B altics tau hloov mus rau pheej yig Western-style qauv, txais tsis muaj kev txaus siab me ntsis. Thiab nyob rau hauv Russia, lawv ib txwm tsis ntseeg qhov zoo ntawm domestic electronics, vim hais tias ntau lawm xyaum tuag. Muaj Novosibirsk (Noema) thiab Gagarin (Smolensk cheeb tsam, OJSC Dinamik) nyob rau hauv kev ua lag luam, uas tau khaws cia ib tug ncaj ntau yam ntawm domestic acoustic systems.
Reviews
Cov neeg siv sau tseg cov lus hais lus 25AC-033 "Electronics", uas zoo siab xav tsis thoob tias xyoo 1988 muaj lub Hoobkas ua haujlwm zoo heev. Xws li cov phiaj xwm acoustics feem ntau sawv ntawmretromarkets tsis pub dhau kaum tsib mus rau nees nkaum txhiab rubles, uas, nyob rau hauv txoj cai, tsis pheej yig. Cov ntaub ntawv yog kaw kiag li, lub bass thav duab yog hlau. Zoo heev veneer, tsis muaj blunders. Txhua qhov chaw haum txig rau hauv qhov chaw. Qhov zoo ntawm acoustics 25AC-033 "Electronics" yog heev piv nrog "Estonia-21" los yog "Olympic" 35AC-1 tsim nyob rau hauv 1980. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kab Amphitron tsis mus rau qhov sib piv txhua. Rau peb caug xyoo, txawm tias lub tshuab ua npuas ncauj, tseem ua haujlwm, tseem tsis tau poob rau hauv kev puas tsuaj. Cov nroj tsuag Leningrad pom nws qhov siab tiag tiag hauv cov khoom no.
Lwm qhov kev tshuaj xyuas tsuas yog qhia tau zoo siab nrog Amphitron hais lus, uas suav tias yog qhov tsis tshua muaj thiab txaus siab ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev, txawm tias nws muaj hnub nyoog tshaj li peb caug xyoo. Cov neeg hais lus ua haujlwm zoo, lub suab yog mos, tshwj xeeb voluminous. Specifications tsis txawv nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev los ntawm cov tshaj tawm. Nrog rau qhov me me me thiab lub zog tso zis ib tus neeg hais lus ntawm 25 watts, qhov no yog qhov zoo heev. Cov neeg siv hais tias lub siab tshaj plaws lub zog ntawm tus hais lus no yog 90 watts. Interestingly, muaj ib tug tiag tiag "trick" ntawm lub Soviet kev lag luam ntawm no - muaj high-frequency isodynamic emitters, uas yuav pab tau kom ua tau zoo ntawm high zaus. Lawm, qhov kev hais lus no tau ua tiav los ntawm kev muaj cov cuab yeej ua si thiab lub suab nrov.
Amplifiers
Ib qho cuab yeej los ua kom lub zog tam sim no siv cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb - lub tshuab nqus tsev lossistransistors - yog ib qho hluav taws xob amplifier. Yog li, cov hluav taws xob conductivity hloov los ntawm kev tswj lub teeb liab, lub amplifiers ua raws li yog tias tig tawm lossis tig rau tam sim no, dhau los ntawm lawv tus kheej. Txawm hais tias muaj lub teeb liab tswj tsis muaj zog, muaj qhov tam sim no txaus los ua rau lub tshuab ntes lossis ua suab nrov. Txij li xyoo 1985, Elektronika 50U-017S-1 amplifier tau tsim tawm ntawm Kazan NPO Elekon, qhov twg, nrog rau kev hloov dua siab tshiab, high-end tus kheej lub khoos phis tawj thiab lub tso suab tso suab tau tsim tawm.
Lub 50U-017 amplifier muaj lub zog tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv ntau dhau, nws ua rau nws ua haujlwm nrog ob khub ntawm acoustic systems, thiab txhua tus tuaj yeem muab tua. Muaj qhov tso zis hluav taws xob ntsuas - ob theem. Tsis tas li ntawd, "Electronics" amplifier muaj lub suab nrov hloov tau thiab lub suab nrov hloov tau. Muaj cov ntxaij lim dej rau infra-low frequencies thiab high-frequency suab nrov. Zoo heev thiab tau ntev tau txais kev nyiam suab paj nruag hauv ntau VIAs thoob plaws lub tebchaws, cov kev tshuaj xyuas feem ntau yog qhov zoo.
Romance
Txij li xyoo 1986, ntawm Shevchenko cog hauv Kharkov, acoustic systems 25AC 121 "Romance" thiab 50AC-105 tau tsim, yuav luag zoo ib yam, tshwj tsis yog rau pem hauv ntej vaj huam sib luag. Cov neeg hais lus no tuaj yeem ua ob qho tib si hauv pem teb thiab cov neeg hais lus hauv phau ntawv (uas yog teeb meem ntau dua). Loj thiab hnyav, txawm tias qhov no, lub zog thiab rhiab heev tsis yog li ntawm par. Feem ntau muaj teeb meem ntawm qhov tsawg zaus, yog tias lub ntim tau tig.
Nws tsis pom zoo kom muab tso rau hauv pem teb lossis ntawm qhov muag - lawv buzz thiab mumble, lawv xav taucov roj hmab tshwj xeeb hauv qab cov neeg hais lus, tom qab ntawd cov sijhawm tsis zoo no xaus. "Kev Hlub" yog qhov txawv los ntawm lub xyoo ntawm kev tsim khoom: 1989 - thawj, tseem plywood, sounded dlej, tab sis tom qab 1991 lawv ua phem heev. Sab nraub qaum yog tshem tau, lub cev yog ua los ntawm chipboard 16 millimeters tuab, thiab pem hauv ntej vaj huam sib luag yog plywood, 18 millimeters. Cov neeg hais lus nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus axis, nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm tag nrho cov acoustic system yog tiv thaiv los ntawm ib tug yas overlay, thiab cov neeg hais lus yog tiv thaiv los ntawm ib tug hlau mesh nyob rau hauv lub overlay.
rau tsheb
Cov neeg tsav tsheb uas xav txog lawv tus kheej "gourmets" ntawm lub suab, oddly txaus, txaus siab heev rau kev yuav khoom raws nraim li qub Soviet xov tooj cua. Soviet acoustic systems tau nce mus nrhiav rau ntawm qhov chaw tshaj tawm thiab yuav. Nws raug nqi, los ntawm txoj kev, tsis yog pheej yig, thiab tus nqi tsis nyob rau pem hauv ntej. Nws muaj ntau yam zoo nkauj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog huv thiab muaj zog. Nyob rau hauv Soviet acoustic systems, lub teeb liab qhov chaw thiab amplifiers yog ua los ntawm high quality, thiab thaum hloov lawv nrog rau lwm yam, txawm imported qauv, poob yog pom meej meej. Ib qho kev xaiv zoo - cov neeg hais lus Soviet 35 GDN, ib qho piv txwv, ib qho yuav hais tias, gothic, thiab lawv tsis txawm nyob ib sab ntawm Suav neeg siv xov tooj cua hluav taws xob.
Dhau li ntawm lub suab koj npau suav txog, lawv haum zoo rau sab hauv ntawm txhua lub tsheb. Thaum siv cov neeg hais lus - Soviet lossis Suav - xav tau ib lub thawv. Cov neeg hais lus loj hauv Soviet nyob, ntawm chav kawm, hauv qab, hauv lub cev, hauv qab txee, tsuas yog cov theem invectors yuav tsum tau coj tawm. Soviet hais lus raulub tsheb tsis tau npaj tseg, thiab yog li ntawd qee qhov kev kho kom zoo yuav tsum tau ua. Nws nyob ntawm rooj plaub. Txuas ntxiv ntawm tweeters lossis tweeters yuav tsum tau.
