Microphones yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm txhua lub studio. Ntxiv mus, tsis muaj kev tshwm sim hauv zej zog ua tiav yam tsis muaj cov cuab yeej no. Tab sis ob peb tus neeg paub tias cov cuab yeej no tuaj yeem muaj cov qauv tsim thiab cov yam ntxwv sib txawv. Nws yuav tsum tau hais tam sim ntawd tias cov khoom siv yuav tsom mus rau cov khoom siv xws li electrodynamic microphone. Txawm hais tias nws tsis muab lub suab zoo tshaj plaws.
Cov thawj coj paub txog qhov no yog condenser microphones. Tab sis vim lawv cov nqi siab, kev siv loj ntawm concerts thiab ntau yam txheej xwm yog tsis yooj yim sua. Lawv nyob twj ywm kim kho kom zoo nkauj rau cov kws sau ntawv studios. Electrodynamic microphones siv tau txhua lub sijhawm, nyob qhov twg. Tej zaum lawv yuav muaj qee qhov kev tsim qauv sib txawv, tab sis lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm tseem zoo ib yam. Yog li, cia peb tham txog cov qauv tsim, cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm electrodynamic microphones. Tab sis ua ntej, keeb kwm me ntsis.
thawj microphones
Thaum yug ntawm cov khoom kaw suab, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis muaj zog. Lub ntiaj teb thawj microphones yog tag nrho cov pa roj carbon. Hauv lub cuab yeej yog me me heevthee hmoov, uas pib vibrate tsuas yog thaum nws mus txog lub suab yoj tsim los ntawm tus neeg hais lus lub suab. Cov kev vibrations ua rau muaj hluav taws xob impulse thiab lub suab tau xa mus ntxiv raws cov xov hlau. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog sau cia tias cov pa roj carbon microphones tseem siv hauv xov tooj, tsuas yog lawv tuaj yeem me me kom haum rau hauv lub xov tooj ntawm tes.
Tab sis cov mics carbon tsis nyob ntev hauv kev lag luam kaw. Tsis ntev, muaj cov cuab yeej ua haujlwm ntawm txoj cai electrodynamic. Lawv muab lub suab zoo dua.
Thawj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob rau kev kaw suab tau muaj cov qauv coil thiab tau ua qhov txawv ntawm lub suab zoo (piv rau cov khoom siv carbon). Cov khoom siv no tau siv nyob rau hauv concerts, hais lus thiab rallies. Tau kawg, thawj lub microphones zoo li txawv txawv: lawv yog cov khoom siv loj uas muaj qhov tsis zoo. Yog li ntawd, tus neeg hais lus yuav luag tau hnia lub microphone. Tab sis nws tseem yog kev tawg.
Twb tom qab electrodynamics, cov khoom siv capacitor tshwm. Lawv tau pib siv ntau heev hauv cov kws sau ntawv studios. Tsuas yog lawv muab lub suab zoo tshaj plaws.
Tab sis cia peb rov qab mus rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob thiab ua tib zoo saib cov kev xaiv tsim rau lub cuab yeej.
coil microphones
Tus qauv no tau siv txij thaum pib. Tab sis txawm tias tam sim no, lub tshuab hluav taws xob electrodynamic nrog lub coil qauv tau siv dav hauv ntau yam xwm txheej. Nws tsim yog raws li nram no: nyob rau hauv lub ntaus ntawv muaj ib tug coil ntawm thinnest hlau nrog ib tug mus tas li hlau nplaum. Qhov kev tsim no yog them los ntawm lub diaphragm, uas ntes cov kev vibrations uas tsim los ntawm tus neeg hais lus lub suab. Lub membrane xa kev co mus rau lub kauj, uas pib oscillate thiab xa cov kev co nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug impulse mus rau lub coils ntawm hlau. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov hluav taws xob impulse mus los ntawm lub modulator raws cov xov hlau mus rau lub amplification ntaus ntawv (amplifier), qhov twg nws yog hloov dua siab tshiab rau hauv lub digestible suab. Qhov kev tsim ntawm lub microphone no muaj kev ntseeg siab heev, vim nws muaj qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas yuav tsum hnav. Coil microphones tau siv dav hauv ntau yam xwm txheej. Tab sis lawv sim tsis siv lawv ntawm concerts. Lub suab tsis zoo txaus.
Ribbon microphones
Lawv tau tshwm sim me ntsis tom qab ntawm cov reel-rau-reel thiab muaj cov qauv tsim uas txhim kho suab zoo. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm zoo ib yam li cov qauv coil.
Tab sis muaj qhov sib txawv. Hloov cov kauj, ib zaj duab xis nyias ntawm cov hlau tsis zoo yog siv, uas ntes cov kev vibrations me tshaj plaws ntawm lub diaphragm, hloov mus rau hauv hluav taws xob impulse thiab xa mus ntxiv.
Ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm ribbon microphones piv rau reel-to-reel microphones yog lawv qhov hnyav dua. Cov khoom siv no tau siv dav hauv kev hais kwv txhiaj thiab ntau yam xwm txheej ntawm qhov tsim nyog teev, txij li lawv muaj ntau zaus ntawm 20 Hz txog 20,000 Hz. Lub microphone electrodynamic nrog xws li ntau zaus yog qhov haum raustudio kaw suab. Tias yog vim li cas lawv thiaj li tau siv ntau tshaj plaws ntawm cov kws ntaus nkauj.
Microphone ncaj qha
tus yam ntxwv no ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau lub suab zoo. Lub microphone qhia tau tsuas yog tuaj yeem nqa tus neeg hais lus lub suab los ntawm ib lub kaum ntse ntse. Qhov no tsuas yog qhov zoo yog tias koj tsis tas yuav kaw ntau lub suab los ntawm ib lub cuab yeej.
Umbrella microphones tam sim no siv me ntsis. Rau lawv cov kev xav tau, cov kws tshaj lij nyiam microphones nrog cov qauv cardioid. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias lub cuab yeej muaj peev xwm sau txhua yam uas tshwm sim nyob ib puag ncig nws hauv qee qhov kev txwv. Qhov teeb meem yog tias cov khoom zoo li no tau muaj los ntawm cov khoom siv capacitor. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob nrog cov yam ntxwv zoo li no muaj nyob hauv cov khoom tsawg heev thiab kim heev. Cov khoom siv feem ntau siv cov txheej txheem electrodynamic ntawm kev ua haujlwm yog kev taw qhia. Thiab qhov no yog lwm qhov rho tawm hauv lawv qhov chaw nyob.
Microphone rhiab heev
Tus yam ntxwv no qhia tau hais tias nyob deb li cas ntawm daim nyias nyias lub cuab yeej tuaj yeem khaws cov suab. Tab sis nws tsis yog nyob ntawm lub microphone nws tus kheej xwb. Lub amplifier kuj ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv qhov teeb meem no.
Yuav ua li cas kom microphone rhiab heev? Koj yuav tsum xaiv lub amplifier zoo lossis receiver uas tuaj yeem qhia tag nrho cov peev txheej ntawm lub cuab yeej. Lwm txoj hauv kev yog hloov cov kab txuas txuas. High-zoo xov hlau - tus yuam sij rau siabrhiab heev. Tias yog vim li cas ntau tus kws tshaj lij nyiam ua pov thawj wired microphones rau cov chaw nres tsheb wireless. Rau qhov kawg, qhov rhiab heev thiab tag nrho lwm cov yam ntxwv ncaj qha nyob ntawm qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lub receiver. Thiab wired qauv tsuas xav tau cov hlua zoo xwb. Lawv tuaj yeem ua tau ntev.
Lub suab microphones
Qhov no yog qhov tsim qauv nthuav dav, uas suav nrog ib qho kev taw qhia lub microphone thiab ib lub cardioid, nyob hauv tib lub tsev. Cov ntaubntawv povthawj siv yog nqa tawm los ntawm ob qho khoom siv ib zaug, uas tso cai rau koj kom tau txais lub suab tso suab ntawm cov zis. Cov microphones no loj heev. Yog li ntawd, lawv tsuas yog siv hauv studios lossis xov tooj cua. Electrodynamic microphones kuj tseem siv tau los ua cov khoom kaw suab.
Txawm li cas los xij, cov tuam txhab nyiam cov qauv capacitor. Lawv yooj yim dua tso rau hauv ib rooj plaub. Txawm li cas los xij, cov qauv electrodynamic kuj muaj. Lawv tsuas yog tsis dav li. Lub suab ntawm lub microphone ntawm qhov tsim no yog qhov zoo heev. Stereo hom kuj tseem suav tau tias yog qhov tseem ceeb ntxiv.
Ntaus manufacturers
Tam sim no tsis muaj ntau lub tuam txhab tau koom nrog kev tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo electrodynamic microphones. Qhov no yog ib txoj haujlwm nyuaj heev thiab muaj peev xwm siv tau. Lub studio microphone zoo tuaj yeem pom los ntawm cov tuam txhab xws li Shure, Behringer, Sennhiser. Electrodynamic li ntawm Philips thiab Sony kuj tau siv dav. Tab sis lawv tsuas zoo qw hauv karaoke tom qab cua daj cua dubnoj mov. Feem ntau eminent thiab proven manufacturers yog precisely thawj trinity. Qhov ntawd tsuas yog lawv tsim cov khoom lag luam zoo rau cov kev xav tau ntawm cov kws tshaj lij. Lub suab ntawm lub microphone nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no plays lub luag hauj lwm txiav txim siab. Thiab cov tuam txhab teev npe tau zoo nrog qhov ntawd. Nws tsis yog rau tsis muaj dab tsi uas cov kws sau ntawv nyiam cov khoom lag luam ntawm cov tuam txhab no.
Microphones siv hauv tsev
Cov khoom siv no yog tsim los ntawm yuav luag txhua tus neeg paub zoo ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm microphones los ntawm cov npe nrov tshaj plaws (Sony, Philips, LG, VVK) qhia tias cov khoom siv no muaj peev xwm muab cov suab nrov zoo thaum siv. Tab sis lawv tsis muaj peev xwm kaw lub suab nrov zoo. Lawv tsuas yog siv tau nrog cov neeg siv khoom niaj hnub DVD players hauv hom karaoke. Lawv kuj tsim nyog rau qee qhov kev ua koob tsheej (kab tshoob, rooj sib tham, hais lus, sib tham). Thiab nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov lus nug ntawm yuav ua li cas kom lub rhiab heev ntawm lub microphone tsis tshwm sim, vim qhov no yog tsis yooj yim sua. Cov khoom siv no muaj qhov ntsuas tau ua ntej. Thiab nws tsis tuaj yeem txhim kho tus yam ntxwv no.
Ntau yam khoom siv hauv chav kawm no yog wireless, uas tseem cuam tshuam rau qhov rhiab heev ntawm lub cuab yeej. Ua li ntawd, xws li microphones txaus rau siv hauv tsev. Tab sis rau cov khoom siv hauv tsev studio, nws yog qhov zoo dua los nrhiav ib yam dab tsi siab dua.
Zoo kawg
Yog li, peb tau txiav txim siab tias lub tshuab hluav taws xob electrodynamic yog dab tsi, nws txoj cai ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab cov qauv tsim. Cov cuab yeej no zoo meej raukaw lem, siv concerts, koom haum ntawm pej xeem cov xwm txheej. Cov qauv nkag qib tau pom lawv tus kheej zoo kawg nkaus hauv kev siv hauv tsev. Tab sis rau cov khoom siv studio, nws tseem zoo dua los xaiv lub condenser microphone. Nws muab lub suab zoo dua thiab muaj kev taw qhia ntau dua.
