Kev kawm txog cov khoom ntawm cov khoom xws li semiconductor tau coj mus rau kev hloov pauv kev tshawb pom. Sij hawm dhau los, thev naus laus zis tau tshwm sim uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tsim cov diodes, MOSFET, thyristor thiab lwm yam khoom ntawm kev lag luam. Lawv tau ua tiav hloov lub tshuab nqus tsev vacuum thiab ua kom nws ua tau raws li cov tswv yim uas txaus ntshai tshaj plaws. Cov ntsiab lus semiconductor yog siv nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov spheres ntawm peb lub neej. Lawv pab peb ua cov ntaub ntawv ntau ntau; khoos phis tawj, cov kaw lus kaw, TV, thiab lwm yam yog tsim los ntawm lawv lub hauv paus.
Txij li qhov kev tsim ntawm thawj transistor, thiab qhov ntawd yog xyoo 1948, ntau lub sijhawm dhau mus. Ntau yam ntawm cov khoom no tshwm sim: ib qho taw tes germanium, silicon, teb-zoo lossis MOS transistor. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv tau siv dav hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Kev kawm txog cov khoom ntawm semiconductors tsis nres hauv peb lub sijhawm.
Cov kev tshawb fawb no coj mus rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov cuab yeej zoo li MOSFET. Nws lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm yog raws li qhov tseeb tias nyob rau hauv lub zog ntawm hluav taws xob teb (li no lwm lub npe - teb), cov conductivity hloov.nto txheej ntawm ib tug semiconductor nyob rau ntawm lub interface nrog ib tug dielectric. Nws yog cov cuab yeej no uas yog siv hauv hluav taws xob circuits rau ntau lub hom phiaj. MOSFET muaj cov qauv uas tso cai rau qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm qhov ntws tawm thiab qhov chaw kom txo tau yuav luag xoom nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub teeb liab tswj.
Nws cov khoom sib txawv ntawm kev sib tw bipolar "tus neeg sib tw". Nws yog lawv tus uas txiav txim siab txog nws daim ntawv thov.
- Kev ua haujlwm siab tau lees paub los ntawm kev ua haujlwm me me ntawm cov siv lead ua nws tus kheej thiab nws cov khoom tshwj xeeb. Qhov no yog vim qee qhov teeb meem hauv kev tsim khoom lag luam. Crystals nrog lub rooj vag ntawm 0.06 µm tam sim no tau tsim.
- Me me qhov kev hloov pauv hloov pauv tso cai rau cov cuab yeej no ua haujlwm hauv cov kab hluav taws xob ntau zaus. Piv txwv li, LSI nrog lawv siv tau zoo siv hauv kev sib txuas lus ntawm tes.
- Qhov yuav luag xoom tsis kam uas MOSFET muaj nyob rau hauv nws lub xeev qhib tso cai rau nws siv los ua hluav taws xob hloov hluav taws xob. Lawv tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov teeb liab ntau zaus tsim hluav taws xob lossis hla cov ntsiab lus xws li op amps.
- Cov khoom siv muaj zog ntawm hom no tau ua tiav hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab tuaj yeem suav nrog hauv induction circuits. Ib qho piv txwv zoo ntawm lawv cov kev siv yuav yog qhov hloov pauv zaus.
Thaum tsim thiab ua haujlwm nrog cov ntsiab lus zoo li no, nws yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account qee qhov nta. MOSFETs rhiab heev rau qhov rov qab voltage thiab yooj yimtawm ntawm kev txiav txim. Inductive circuits feem ntau siv ceev Schottky diodes kom du tawm qhov rov qab voltage mem tes uas tshwm sim thaum hloov.
Kev cia siab rau kev siv cov khoom siv no loj heev. Kev txhim kho thev naus laus zis ntawm lawv qhov chaw tsim khoom mus raws txoj hauv kev ntawm kev txo cov siv lead ua (shutter scaling). Maj mam, cov khoom siv tshwm sim uas muaj peev xwm tswj tau ntau dua thiab muaj zog hluav taws xob motors.
