Ob daim hlau tiaj tus sib npaug rau ib leeg thiab sib cais los ntawm dielectric ua rau lub tiaj tus capacitor. Qhov no yog cov neeg sawv cev yooj yim tshaj plaws ntawm cov capacitors, uas yog tsim los khaws cov zog sib txawv. Yog hais tias cov paib tau muab tus nqi sib npaug ntawm qhov loj, tab sis sib txawv hauv cov qauv, ces lub zog hluav taws xob ntawm cov conductors yuav muab ob npaug rau. Qhov piv ntawm tus nqi ntawm ib qho ntawm cov conductors mus rau qhov voltage ntawm daim hlau ntawm lub capacitor yog hu ua hluav taws xob muaj peev xwm:
C=q/U
Yog tias qhov chaw ntawm daim hlau tsis hloov pauv, ces qhov capacitance ntawm lub capacitor tuaj yeem suav tias yog qhov tsis tu ncua rau txhua tus nqi ntawm cov neeg siv khoom. Hauv kev ntsuas thoob ntiaj teb, chav tsev ntawm hluav taws xob muaj peev xwm yog Farad (F). Lub tiaj tus capacitor muaj lub zog sib npaug ntawm qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov muaj zog tsim los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm (E1 +E2 …+ En). Vector kom muaj nuj nqis. Tus nqi hluav taws xob capacitance yog ncaj qha proportional rau thaj tsam ntawm daim hlau thiab inversely proportional rau qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lawv. Qhov no txhais tau tias,tias, txhawm rau txhawm rau ua kom lub peev xwm ntawm lub capacitor, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum ua kom thaj tsam ntawm daim hlau loj dua, thaum txo qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lawv. Nyob ntawm qhov siv dielectric, lub tiaj tus capacitor tuaj yeem yog:
- paper.
- Mica.
- YPolystyrene.
- YCeramic.
- Air.
Cia peb xav txog lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov cuab yeej siv piv txwv ntawm daim ntawv capacitor. Paraffin-kho ntawv yog siv nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no raws li ib tug dielectric. Ib tug dielectric yog pw ntawm ob strips ntawm ntawv ci, uas ua raws li conductors. Tag nrho cov qauv yog dov mus rau hauv ib lub yob, rau hauv uas cov hlau lead yog ntxig rau kev sib txuas rau ib qho hluav taws xob Circuit Court. Cov qauv no tau muab tso rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ceramic lossis hlau. Lub capacitor pav ca thiab lwm yam ntawm cov nqi cia khoom yog ib tug zoo xws li cov qauv, tsuas yog cov ntaub ntawv tom qab uas lub capacitor nws tus kheej lub npe yog siv raws li ib tug dielectric nruab nrab. Thaum daws teeb meem nyob rau hauv uas nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los nrhiav qhov xav tau qhov tseem ceeb, tsis txhob hnov qab siv tus nqi uas characterizes lub dielectric - permittivity ntawm nruab nrab.
Hauv xov tooj cua engineering, kua thiab qhuav hom capacitors yog siv. Liquid capacitors yog cov tshuaj electrolyte nyob rau hauv uas oxidized txhuas phaj yog muab tso rau. Cov khoom no yog nyob rau hauv rooj plaub hlau. Cov electrolyte siv yog ib qho kev daws ntawm boric acid thiab qee qhov sib xyaw. Qhuav hom tsav yog tsimlos ntawm folding peb daim kab xev, ib qho yog txhuas, lwm yam yog hlau, thiab nruab nrab ntawm lawv yog gauze txheej impregnated nrog viscous electrolyte. Lub yob yog muab tso rau hauv ib lub thawv aluminium thiab ntim nrog bitumen. Lub tiaj tus capacitor muaj ntau yam kev siv thiab tus nqi qis. Hmoov tsis zoo, cov qauv no yuav tsis hloov cov roj teeb rau peb, vim hais tias lub zog ntawm lub tiaj tus capacitor yog me me, thiab tus nqi "txo" sai heev. Lawv tsis haum raws li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, tab sis lawv muaj ib qho txiaj ntsig - thaum them los ntawm qhov hluav taws xob qis, lawv tso tawm lub zog tam sim ntawd.
