Cov neeg nyiam suab paj nruag zoo tej zaum paub txog Hi-End tube amplifier. Koj tuaj yeem ua rau koj tus kheej yog tias koj paub siv cov hlau nplaum thiab muaj kev paub txog kev ua haujlwm nrog xov tooj cua engineering.
Unique apparatus
Hi-End tube amplifiers yog chav tshwj xeeb ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev. Nws txuas nrog dab tsi? Firstly, lawv muaj ib tug heev nthuav tsim thiab architecture. Hauv cov qauv no, tus neeg tuaj yeem pom txhua yam uas nws xav tau. Qhov no ua rau cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb tiag tiag. Qhov thib ob, cov yam ntxwv ntawm Hi-End tube amplifier txawv ntawm lwm cov qauv uas siv transistor-integrated circuits. Qhov sib txawv ntawm Hi-End yog qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm cov khoom siv thaum lub sijhawm teeb tsa. Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum ntsuas lub suab ntawm chav tsev no, tib neeg ntseeg lawv lub pob ntseg ntau dua li kev ntsuas kev sib haum xeeb thiab oscilloscope.
Xaiv cov phiaj xwm rau kev sib dhos
Lub tshuab ua ntej yog yooj yim sib sau ua ke. Rau nws, koj tuaj yeem xaiv cov qauv tsim nyog thiab pib sib dhos. Lwm rooj plaub yog qhov tso zis theem, uas yog, lub hwj chim amplifier. Nrog nws, raws li txoj cai, muaj ntau ntaulus nug ntau yam. Cov theem tso zis muaj ntau hom kev sib dhos thiab kev ua haujlwm.
thawj hom yog ib lub voj voog qauv, uas suav tias yog tus qauv cascade. Thaum ua haujlwm hauv "A" hom, nws muaj qhov me me uas tsis yog-linear distortion, tab sis, hmoov tsis, muaj kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo. Kuj nco ntsoov qhov nruab nrab lub zog tso zis. Yog tias koj xav tau lub suab nrov hauv chav tsev loj, koj yuav tsum tau siv lub zog thawb-rub lub zog amplifier. Cov qauv no tuaj yeem ua haujlwm hauv "AB" hom.
Hauv ib lub voj voog ib zaug, tsuas yog ob ntu txaus rau kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm cov cuab yeej: lub zog amplifier thiab pre-amplifier. Tus qauv thawb-rub twb siv lub sijhawm rov thim rov qab amplifier lossis tsav tsheb.
Tau kawg, rau ob hom kev tso tawm theem, txhawm rau ua haujlwm zoo nrog lub suab nrov, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom haum rau qhov siab interelectrode tsis kam thiab qhov tsis kam ntawm cov cuab yeej nws tus kheej. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua tiav nrog lub tshuab hloov pauv.
Yog tias koj yog tus paub txog "tube" suab, koj yuav tsum nkag siab tias koj yuav tsum siv lub tshuab rectifier, uas yog tsim los ntawm lub kenotron, kom ua tiav lub suab. Tsis txhob siv cov khoom semiconductor.
Thaum tsim lub Hi-End tube amplifier, koj tsis tuaj yeem siv cov circuits nyuaj. Yog tias koj xav tau lub suab me me, ces koj tuaj yeem siv qhov yooj yim-stroke tsim uas yooj yim dua los tsim thiab teeb tsa.
DIY Hi-End Tube Amplifier
Ua ntej pib kev teeb tsa, koj yuav tsum nkag siab qee cov cai rau kev sib sau cov khoom siv zoo li no. Peb yuav xav tausiv lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm mounting teeb fixtures - minimizing fixtures. Nws txhais li cas? Koj yuav tsum muab pov tseg cov mounting hlau. Tau kawg, qhov no ua tsis tau rau txhua qhov chaw, tab sis lawv tus lej yuav tsum raug txo kom tsawg.
Lub tshuab hluav taws xob Hi-End zoo siv cov hlua khi thiab cov hlua. Lawv siv los ua cov ntsiab lus ntxiv. Xws li kev sib dhos yog hu ua hinged. Koj tseem yuav tsum tau solder cov resistors thiab capacitors uas nyob rau ntawm lub teeb panels. Nws yog qhov tsis txaus siab heev los siv cov ntawv luam tawm hauv Circuit Court boards thiab sib sau cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv txoj hauv kev uas cov kab sib txuas tau txais. Li no lub rooj sib txoos yuav saib chaotic.
Tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam
Tom qab ntawd, koj yuav tsum tshem tawm cov keeb kwm yav dhau los qis, yog tias, tau kawg, nws yog tam sim no. Kuj tseem ceeb yog qhov kev xaiv ntawm qhov chaw hauv av. Hauv qhov no, koj tuaj yeem siv ib qho ntawm cov kev xaiv:
- hom kev sib txuas - lub hnub qub, uas tag nrho "lub ntiaj teb" tus neeg xyuas pib txuas rau ib qho taw tes.
- Txoj kev thib ob yog nteg ib lub npav tooj liab tuab. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog rau unsolder cov ntsiab lus sib xws ntawm nws.
Feem ntau, nws yog qhov zoo dua los nrhiav qhov taw qhia hauv av koj tus kheej. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm kev txiav txim siab qib qis-zaus keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm pob ntseg. Ua li no, koj yuav tsum tau maj mam kaw tag nrho cov kab sib chaws ntawm cov teeb uas nyob rau hauv av. Yog tias, thaum qhov kev sib cuag tom ntej raug kaw, qhov qis-zaus keeb kwm yav dhau los txo qis, ces koj tau pom lub teeb tsim nyog. Txhawm rau ua tiav qhov xav tau, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau sim tshem tawm cov zaus tsis xav tau. KujKoj yuav tsum tau siv cov kev ntsuas hauv qab no txhawm rau txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm koj qhov tsim:
- Yuav ua kom filament circuits ntawm lub xov tooj cua raj, koj yuav tsum siv cov xov hlau twisted.
- Tub uas siv rau hauv lub tshuab ua ntej yuav tsum tau npog nrog lub hau npog.
- Nws tseem yuav tsum tau ua rau hauv av nrog cov hloov pauv hloov pauv.
Yog tias koj xav pub cov cua sov ntawm cov raj preamp, koj tuaj yeem siv ncaj qha tam sim no. Hmoov tsis zoo, qhov no yuav tsum muaj kev sib txuas ntawm ib chav tsev ntxiv. Lub rectifier yuav ua txhaum cov qauv ntawm Hi-End tube amplifier vim nws yog lub xeev cov khoom siv uas peb yuav tsis siv.
Transformers
Lwm qhov tseem ceeb yog kev siv cov hloov pauv sib txawv. Raws li txoj cai, lub zog thiab cov zis yog siv, uas yuav tsum tau txuas nrog perpendicularly. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev no, koj tuaj yeem txo cov qib qis-zaus keeb kwm yav dhau. Transformers yuav tsum nyob rau hauv earthed casings. Nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias cov cores ntawm txhua lub transformers yuav tsum tau grounded. Koj tsis tas yuav siv cov ntaub thaiv npog thaum koj nruab cov khoom siv, kom tsis txhob muaj teeb meem ntxiv. Tau kawg, cov no tsis yog tag nrho cov yam ntxwv cuam tshuam nrog kev teeb tsa. Muaj ntau ntau ntawm lawv, thiab nws yuav tsis tuaj yeem xav txog lawv txhua tus. Thaum txhim kho Hi-End (tube amplifier), koj tsis tuaj yeem siv lub hauv paus tshiab. Tam sim no lawv tau siv los txuas cov transistors thiab kev sib txuas ua ke. Tab sis hauv peb rooj plaub, lawv yuav tsis ua haujlwm.
resistors
High-end high-end raj amplifier yog ib qho khoom siv retro. Ntawm chav kawm, qhov chaw rau nws lub rooj sib txoos yuav tsum yogtsim nyog. Hloov cov resistor, cov pa roj carbon thiab cov khoom siv hlau yuav tsim nyog. Yog tias koj tsis muaj nuj nqis los tsim cov cuab yeej no, koj yuav tsum siv cov resistors precision, uas yog kim heev. Txwv tsis pub, MLT qauv siv tau. Nws yog ib yam khoom zoo nkauj, raws li cov pov thawj los ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas.
Hi-End tube amplifiers kuj tseem siv tau nrog BC resistors. Lawv tau tsim muaj txog 65 xyoo dhau los. Nrhiav cov khoom zoo li no yooj yim heev, tsuas yog taug kev los ntawm kev lag luam hauv xov tooj cua. Yog tias koj siv lub resistor nrog lub zog ntau dua 4 watts, koj yuav tsum xaiv cov hlau enameled.
Capacitors
Nyob rau hauv lub installation ntawm lub raj amplifier, koj yuav tsum siv ntau hom capacitors rau lawv tus kheej thiab lub hwj chim mov. Lawv feem ntau yog siv los tswj lub suab nrov. Yog tias koj xav kom tau txais cov suab zoo thiab ntuj, koj yuav tsum siv lub decoupling capacitor. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, ib tug me me xau tam sim no, uas tso cai rau koj mus hloov lub lag luam point ntawm lub teeb.
Hom capacitor no txuas nrog lub anode Circuit Court, los ntawm qhov loj voltage ntws. Hauv qhov no, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los txuas lub capacitor uas txhawb nqa qhov hluav taws xob ntau dua 350 volts. Yog tias koj xav siv cov khoom zoo, koj yuav tsum siv Jensen qhov chaw. Lawv txawv los ntawm analogues nyob rau hauv hais tias lawv cov nqi ntau tshaj 3,000 rubles, thiab tus nqi ntawm lub zoo tshaj plaws xov tooj cua hais txog 10,000 rubles. Yog tias koj siv cov khoom siv hauv tsev, nws yog qhov zoo dua los xaiv ntawm cov qauv K73-16 thiab K40U-9.
Ib leeg mob strokeamplifier
Yog tias koj xav siv lub voj voog ib zaug, koj yuav tsum xub xav txog nws lub voj voog. Nws suav nrog ntau yam:
- fais fab mov;
- end stage;
- ib lub tshuab ua ntej uas koj tuaj yeem kho lub suab nrov.
Sib Tham
Cia pib nrog lub suab nrov ua ntej. Nws installation yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw raws li ib tug yooj yim txoj kev. Nws tseem yog ib qho tsim nyog los muab kev tswj fais fab thiab lub tshuab cais rau kev tswj lub suab. Nws yuav tsum tau kho kom haum rau qis thiab siab zaus. Txhawm rau ua kom lub neej txee, koj yuav tsum tau siv ntau pawg sib npaug.
Nyob hauv kev luag ntawm lub tshuab ua ntej ua ntej, ib tus tuaj yeem pom qhov zoo sib xws nrog 6N3P ob chav triode. Lub caij peb xav tau tuaj yeem sib sau ua ke hauv ib txoj kev zoo sib xws, tab sis siv cov cascade zaum kawg. Qhov no tseem rov ua dua hauv lub tso suab. Nco ntsoov tias tus qauv tsim yuav tsum tau sib sau ua ke ntawm lub rooj tsav xwm hauv Circuit Court. Ua ntej nws yuav tsum tau debugged, thiab tom qab ntawd nws tuaj yeem ntsia tau rau ntawm lub chassis. Yog tias koj tau teeb tsa txhua yam kom raug, lub cuab yeej yuav tsum qhib tam sim ntawd. Cov kauj ruam tom ntej yog txav mus rau qhov chaw. Tus nqi ntawm anode voltage rau ntau hom teeb yuav txawv, yog li koj yuav tsum xaiv nws tus kheej.
Cov ntsiab lus
Yog tias koj tsis xav siv lub capacitor zoo, koj tuaj yeem siv K73-16. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog yog tias qhov kev khiav hauj lwm voltage ntau dua 350 volts. Tab sis lub suab zoo yuav pom tsis zoo. Electrolytic capacitor kuj tsim nyog rau qhov voltage no. Txuas mus rau lub amplifieroscilloscope S1-65 thiab xa cov teeb liab uas yuav dhau los ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob lub suab. Ntawm qhov kev sib txuas pib, koj yuav tsum tau teeb tsa lub teeb liab tawm mus txog 10 mV. Yog tias koj xav paub qhov nce, koj yuav tsum tau siv cov zis voltage. Txhawm rau nrhiav qhov sib piv nruab nrab ntawm qhov qis thiab siab zaus, koj yuav tsum xaiv qhov capacitance ntawm lub capacitor.
Koj tuaj yeem pom daim duab ntawm Hi-End tube amplifier hauv qab no. Rau cov qauv no, 2 lub teeb nrog lub hauv paus octal tau siv. Ob chav triode txuas nrog rau cov tswv yim, uas yog txuas nrog nyob rau hauv parallel. Cov theem kawg rau cov qauv no yog sib sau ua ke ntawm 6P13S beam tetrode. Cov khoom no muaj lub triode built-in, uas tso cai rau koj kom tau lub suab zoo.
Txhawm rau teeb tsa thiab xyuas qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom sib dhos, koj yuav tsum siv lub ntsuas ntsuas. Yog tias koj xav kom tau txais qhov tseeb ntau dua, ces koj yuav tsum siv lub tshuab hluav taws xob nrog lub oscilloscope. Thaum koj tau noj cov khoom siv tsim nyog, koj tuaj yeem mus rau qhov chaw. Ntawm lub cathode L1 peb qhia qhov voltage ntawm 1.4 Volts, qhov no tuaj yeem ua tau yog tias koj siv cov resistor R3. Lub teeb tso zis tam sim no yuav tsum tau teev tseg raws li 60 mA. Txhawm rau ua tus resistor R8, koj yuav tsum nruab ib khub ntawm MLT-2 resistors nyob rau hauv parallel. Lwm cov resistors tuaj yeem muaj ntau hom. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg ib qho tseem ceeb heev tivthaiv - lub cais capacitor C3. Nws tsis yog nyob rau hauv vain hais, txij li thaum lub capacitor no muaj zog cuam tshuam rau lub suab ntawm lub cuab yeej. Yog li ntawd, nws yog qhov zoo dua los siv lub xov tooj cua muaj tswv. Lwm yam C5 thiab C6 - zaj duab xiscapacitors. Lawv tso cai rau koj kom ua tau zoo ntawm kev sib kis ntawm ntau zaus.
Lub zog hluav taws xob ua rau ntawm 5Ts3S kenotron yog tsim nyog nrhiav. Nws ua raws li tag nrho cov cai rau kev tsim lub cuab yeej. Lub tshuab hluav taws xob Hi-End hauv tsev yuav muaj lub suab zoo yog tias koj pom cov khoom no. Tau kawg, txwv tsis pub nws tsim nyog nrhiav lwm txoj hauv kev. Hauv qhov no koj tuaj yeem siv 2 diodes.
Rau lub Hi-End tube amplifier, koj tuaj yeem siv qhov tsim nyog transformer uas tau siv nyob rau hauv lub qub tube technology.
Zoo kawg
Yuav ua kom Hi-End tube amplifier nrog koj tus kheej tes, koj yuav tsum ua txhua kauj ruam tsis tu ncua thiab raug. Ua ntej, txuas lub hwj huam mov nrog lub amplifier. Yog tias koj teeb tsa cov cuab yeej no kom raug, koj tuaj yeem txuas lub preamplifier. Tsis tas li ntawd, siv cov txheej txheem tsim nyog, koj tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas tag nrho cov ntsiab lus los tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj rau cov lus hais. Tom qab sib sau tag nrho cov khoom ua ke, koj tuaj yeem mus rau qhov tsim ntawm lub cuab yeej. Plywood tuaj yeem ua haujlwm zoo rau lub cev. Txhawm rau tsim cov qauv qauv, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tso cov raj xa hluav taws xob thiab cov hloov pauv rau saum toj, thiab cov neeg tswj hwm tuaj yeem raug ntsia rau ntawm phab ntsa pem hauv ntej. Nrog lawv, koj tuaj yeem txhim kho lub suab thiab pom lub zog ntsuas.
