Tus kws yees duab novice xav xaiv cov txheej txheem kom nws nyob ntev. Nws tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas qhov zoo ntawm cov duab kuj zoo. Txhua tus neeg uas nws cov peev nyiaj tsawg tsawg nug cov lus nug no: "Kuv tuaj yeem yuav lub koob yees duab pheej yig zoo nyob qhov twg?" Qhov tseeb muaj ntau yam, koj yuav tsum txiav txim siab rau txhua tus.
Cov lus qhia rau kev xaiv
Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob muaj kev sib tw ntev ntev nyob qhov twg kom tau txais lub koob yees duab pheej yig thiab zoo, yuav xaiv nws li cas, nws raug nquahu kom sau tag nrho cov kev xav tau rau lub koob yees duab yav tom ntej ntawm ib daim ntawv:
- Puas yog yuav tsum tau thaij duab zoo lossis tsuas yog cov ntshiab xwb?
- pob nyiaj siv yog dab tsi, nws puas tuaj yeem yuav khoom ntxiv yog tias tsim nyog?
- Koj puas xav txhim kho ntxiv ua tus kws yees duab tshaj lij?
- Nyob rau hauv dab tsi thiab nws yuav tsum tau yees duab?
Cov lus nug, tau kawg, yuav tshwm sim los ntawmtxhua tus nyias txawv nyias, tiam sis lub ntsiab yog tib yam. Yuav kom yuav lub koob yees duab uas pheej yig thiab zoo, koj yuav tsum nkag siab ib qho tseeb: cov khoom lag luam zoo yuav tsis raug muag ntawm tus nqi qis, thiab cov cuab yeej kim heev tsis tuaj yeem lav qhov ua tau zoo. Nws yog qhov zoo dua los muab ob peb txhiab rubles ntau dua thiab yuav cov cuab yeej zoo tiag tiag dua li coj nws pheej yig dua thiab raug kev txom nyem.
Type of digital cameras
Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob niaj hnub no yog qhov uas koj tuaj yeem xaiv tsis tas li. Qee lub sij hawm muaj qhov tshwm sim: "lub thawv xab npum" lossis lub koob yees duab smartphone ua rau cov duab zoo dua li ib tus kws tshaj lij "reflex lub koob yees duab". Lub koob yees duab pheej yig zoo tuaj yeem yog txhua yam, nws tsuas yog xaiv. Hom khoom siv yees duab tau teev tseg hauv qab no:
- lub koob yees duab digital - qhov zoo tib yam "lub thawv xab npum" nrog lub lens ruaj;
- amateur SLR koob yees duab - lo ntsiab muag yog tshem tau, muaj ntau lub zog rau kev tua, thiab qhov zoo dua;
- lub koob yees duab semi-professional - tshem tau lo ntsiab muag, ntau yam sib txawv, nqis, muaj peev xwm;
- smartphone lub koob yees duab - built-in cov koob yees duab hauv lub xov tooj ntawm tes.
Yog tias yav tom ntej tus kws yees duab tsis zoo hauv cov thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis, tsis nyiam delve rau hauv qhov chaw, thiab nws ntshai heev ntawm cov nyees khawm, qhov ntev, ces nws yog qhov zoo dua tsis txhob yuav lub koob yees duab SLR. Hauv cov koob yees duab digital, cov nyees khawm thiab lub log yog qhov tsawg kawg nkaus, thiab nws qhov ntev tsis txawv ntau dhau los ntawm qhov tsis sib xws ntawm smartphones.
" xab npum tais" nrog kev tua zoo
BNyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua xeem, lub koob yees duab kho qhov muag tua ntawm zaj duab xis coj qhov muag plooj thiab fuzzy duab. Cov cuab yeej siv niaj hnub no tau daws qhov teeb meem ntev nrog kev yees duab tsis tiav. Txawm tias 20 xyoo dhau los, cov kws yees duab nrog cov cuab yeej ua yeeb yaj kiab tsis tuaj yeem xav txog tias ib hnub twg cov koob yees duab yooj yim yuav tshwm sim ntawm kev ua lag luam uas tua ntau zaus zoo dua. "Xov xab npum" - lawv yuav tau tham hauv nqe lus no.
Tam sim no, ntau lub tuam txhab tsim cov khoom siv yees duab, tab sis tsis yog txhua tus tuaj yeem ua tau zoo tshaj plaws. Hauv qab no yog lub koob yees duab digital zoo heev.
Sony Cyber-shot DSC-W800
Nov yog lub koob yees duab pheej yig zoo. Cov neeg siv tshuaj xyuas tau txhawb nqa. Cov uas tsis muaj nyiaj ntxiv tuaj yeem them taus yuav nws. Nws fits compactly nyob rau hauv koj txhais tes, yog lub teeb yuag, thiab yooj yim rau siv. 5x zoom, yees duab kaw, flash zoo heev. Cov neeg sau tias cov duab zoo tau txais hauv qhov tsaus ntuj. Lawm, cov duab zoo kuj tawm thaum nruab hnub: cov xim nplua nuj, meej, ntse yog zoo heev, tsis muaj xab npum.
Lub koob yees duab LCD yog 2.7 nti. Muaj hom macro. Lub pluaj yog suav nrog. Nws raug nquahu kom yuav daim npav nco ntxiv. Ceeb toom rau cov neeg uas yuav mus thaij duab ntau ntau ib zaug: lub roj teeb muaj peev xwm tsuas yog 200 txhaj tshuaj, yog li nws yog qhov zoo dua los nqa lub charger nrog koj.
Amateur SLR
Nws txhais tau tias lub koob yees duab nrog daim iav, uas muaj nws tus kheej zoopem hauv ntej ntawm optics. Lub matrix ntawm "DSLR" yog qhov loj dua, cov duab tau pom meej dua, tag nrho cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev tua tau pom, thiab keeb kwm yav dhau los, raws li txoj cai, yog qhov muag plooj zoo nkauj. Ua tsaug rau lub koob yees duab no, koj tuaj yeem tsim lub peev xwm muaj tswv yim. Cov pib tshiab feem ntau nug: "Qhia kom pheej yig thiab zoo SLR koob yees duab." Tau kawg, koj tuaj yeem qhia qee yam, tab sis muaj qhov tseem ceeb nuance: txhua tus muaj qhov nyiam sib txawv. Ib tug neeg nyiam ib lub koob yees duab thiab tsis nyiam lwm tus, thiab ib tug neeg muaj kev xav tsis zoo. Hauv qab no yog ob tug amateur DSLRs los ntawm cov npe nrov tshaj plaws.
YCanon EOS 1100D
Thaum xaiv lub koob yees duab hauv khw hauv online, koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov: cov khoom siv txhais tau tias nws muag nrog lub lens. Raws li txoj cai, cov chaw tsim khoom txuas lub lens 18-55 mm rau "carcass". Yog tias tsis xav tau cov khoom zoo li no, tus kws yees duab npaj yuav siv cov lo ntsiab muag tshwj xeeb, tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsum nqa lub koob yees duab nrog lub cev kos npe. Qhov no yog lub koob yees duab zoo pheej yig nrog ntau yam zoo. Nws yog qhia hauv qab no nrog cov khoom siv lens.
Nws yog dab tsi tshwj xeeb? Matrix 12, 6 megapixels, muaj peev xwm tua yees duab hauv kev daws teeb meem siab. Cov duab tuaj zoo heev. Muab piv rau "lub thawv xab npum" yog cov txheej txheem loj. Txhua lub lens Canon tuaj yeem txuas rau lub koob yees duab no.
Nikon D3100 NWS
Lub koob yees duab no zoo ib yam li Canon EOS 1100D. Matrix - 14.8 MP. Kuj tseem muaj hom video, tab sis tsis pub ntau tshaj 10 feeb. Tsis zoo li lub koob yees duab yav dhau los,Nikon D3100 tsuas muaj ib lub mount xwb, uas yog, koj tuaj yeem hloov nws nrog lo ntsiab muag nrog tsuas yog ib hom kev ruaj ntseg xauv.
Feem ntau, ob lub koob yees duab zoo nkauj zoo siv. Rau qhov nruab nrab amateur, qhov no yog ib qho tseem ceeb. Cov duab tuaj yeem ua rau yuav luag txhua yam huab cua, ob qho tib si sab hauv tsev thiab sab nraum zoov. Hauv daim duab koj tuaj yeem pom meej contours, xim muag. Yog tias tus tswv xav tau, lub koob yees duab hloov mus ua cov cuab yeej ua haujlwm rau ntau hom kev tua.
Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm "lub thawv xab npum" thiab tus neeg nyiam ua haujlwm "reflex lub koob yees duab"? Yuav xaiv dab tsi?
Los ntawm qhov loj me ib leeg, peb tuaj yeem hais tias lub koob yees duab SLR muaj qhov zoo dua li lub koob yees duab digital yooj yim. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov nyees khawm, lub log hauv lub koob yees duab SLR qhia tias muaj ntau txoj haujlwm. Muaj ob peb hom kev tua nyob rau hauv lub hnab tshos lub koob yees duab zoo tib yam.
Koj yuav tsum tsis txhob sim tua cov xwm txheej uas nyuaj rau lub cuab yeej, piv txwv li, thaum tsaus ntuj tsis muaj lub teeb, hauv lub hnub ci ci, cov khoom me me nrog qhov kwv yees. Chromatic aberrations kuj tseem txaus, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau lub caij ntuj no thiab huab cua huab cua. Rau cov neeg uas tsis paub, chromatic aberration yog xiav thiab liab doog qhia nrog ib tug ntse xim hloov (piv txwv li, dawb thiab xim av, dub).
Tus nqi pheej yig thiab zoo SLR lub koob yees duab muaj tsawg dua qhov tsis zoo, tab sis ntau nyob ntawm cov lo ntsiab muag.
DSLR cov koob yees duab
Raws li tau hais los saum toj no, " xab npum tais diav" muaj ntau qhov tsis zoo piv rau SLR koob yees duab, tab sis lawv yeej tus nqi. Raws li daim iavkoob yees duab, muaj peb hom ntawm lawv:
- amateur;
- semi-professional;
- professional.
Lawv txawv li cas? Cia peb pib nrog amateur thiab semi-professional koob yees duab. Rau cov neeg uas tsis paub tias cov qoob loo yog dab tsi, cia peb piav qhia hauv cov lus yooj yim: daim duab yuav tsis yog thawj, tab sis loj n lub sij hawm. Piv txwv li, lub koob yees duab Canon EOS 60D muaj cov qoob loo ntawm 1.6. Cia peb hais tias lub lens muaj qhov ntev ntawm 100 hli, tab sis nrog lub cropped sensor nws yuav yog 160 hli. Hmoov tsis zoo, txhua tus amateur thiab semi-professional DSLRs muaj cov qoob loo. Tab sis qhov ntsuas no tsis ua rau kev tua tag nrho, lub koob yees duab digital yog pheej yig thiab koj tuaj yeem xaiv ib qho zoo.
Ntau tshaj qhov txhaj tshuaj ntawm ib zaug (kev ua si hom) nyob ntawm hom koob yees duab. Qhov siab dua chav kawm ntawm cov cuab yeej, cov duab ntau dua.
Nqis tab sis zoo tshaj plaws
HDR yog cov ntawv luv uas tsis txhais hais tias muaj dab tsi rau cov neeg tsis paub. Qhov no yog dab tsi? Hom kev tua no yuav tso cai rau koj thaij duab zoo heev, txawm tias muaj teeb pom kev tsis zoo lossis tsis raug. Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom hauv ntau cov duab txawv txawv thiab muaj yeeb yuj (hnub qub ntuj, twilight hauv lub studio, cov chaw ua si thiab cov nroog thaum hmo ntuj), txhua yam tshwm sim zoo nkauj heev. Txawm hais tias lub koob yees duab semi-professional nrog lub lens kim yuav tsis tuaj yeem rov ua qhov kev dag ntxias, vim tsis muaj HDR. Yog li ntawd, cov koob yees duab high-end raug nqi ntau dua 100 txhiab rubles thiab tsis suav nrog hauv qeb "zoo pheej yig lub koob yees duab". Feem ntau, cov khoom siv nosiv los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij: yees duab studios, cov koom haum tshoob kos, lub tsev luam ntawv, uas yog, cov koob yees duab kim muaj feem cuam tshuam rau txhua qhov chaw koj xav tau daim duab zoo tshaj plaws.
Yuav xaiv lo ntsiab muag twg?
Tej zaum qhov no yog lub ntsiab lus rhiab tshaj plaws, vim tias ntau nyob ntawm qhov lo ntsiab muag. Yog tias koj txiav txim siab yuav lub koob yees duab SLR nrog lub zeem muag ntawm kev hloov kho qhov muag, ntu no yuav pab tau. Undoubtedly, ntawm no cov lus nug yuav tsis muaj ntau heev txog yuav ua li cas xaiv lub koob yees duab pheej yig, tab sis hais txog optics. Nws kuj xav xaiv qhov zoo. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, cia peb qhia qhov zoo nkauj Canon 50 mm f/1.8II lens.
Nov yog ib qho zoo tshaj plaws lo ntsiab muag nrog tus nqi qis tshaj. Nws txoj hauj lwm yog portrait, tseem muaj sia nyob. Daim duab tsim cov xim mos thiab nplua nuj, qhov muag plooj zoo nkauj thiab kev hloov pauv zoo meej ntawm qhov kev kawm mus rau keeb kwm yav dhau. Tej zaum koj yuav xav tias daim duab no tau coj nrog lub lens kim.
Nikon 18-55mm f/3.5-5.6G AF-S VR II DX yog ntau yam lens rau cov tswv ntawm lub koob yees duab los ntawm tib lub tuam txhab. Hauv khw muag khoom, nws yog pheej yig heev, thiab qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Kuj tseem muaj qhov zoo thiab pheej yig "telephoto" Nikon 55-200mm f / 4-5.6G AF-S DX VR IF. Thiab rau cov koob yees duab, Canon tuaj yeem muab qhov zoo tshaj plaws hauv lub npe Canon EF-S 18-55mm f/3.5-5.6 IS STM.
Txhua lo ntsiab muag tau teev saum toj no tus nqi tsis pub tshaj 6-9 txhiab rubles, nyob ntawm lub khw. Yog li lub luag haujlwm tsis yog los ntawm lub koob yees duab digital xwb, pheej yig thiab zoo.
Cov neeg siv tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov khoom siv saum toj no yog qhov zoo heev. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau tus tshiabCov qauv siv nyiaj txaus txaus ntawm lo ntsiab muag.
Txog kev tua sib txawv thiab hom
Tsis muaj qhov taw qhia hauv kev nkag mus rau cov ntsiab lus tshaj lij, tus pib yuav nkag siab me ntsis. Nws yog qhov zoo dua los xav txog cov piv txwv tam sim. Hauv qab no yog cov feem ntau. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev yees duab yuav raug teev tom qab txhua hom npe. Cov lus qhia zaum kawg yog lub lens twg yog qhov nyiam.
- Portrait shooting. Tib neeg, tsiaj txhu, cov khoom uas nyob ze. Nco ntsoov tias lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yuav nyob ntawm cov khoom ze tshaj plaws. 40mm lossis 50mm portrait lens.
- Qhia kev tua. Random footage nyob rau hauv txhua qhov teeb meem thiab nyob qhov twg. Telephoto lens, universal.
- Duab yos hav zoov. Tsiaj txhu, noog, nroj tsuag hauv hav zoov, safari. Telephoto lens.
- Laj teb, panoramas. Hav zoov, roob, dej ntws, panoramas, lub nroog los ntawm lub ru tsev, pab neeg ua hauj lwm los yog chav kawm ntawv. Dav.
- Hmo ntuj shooting. Thaum tsaus ntuj, hauv tunnels, hauv chav tsaus. Lens ceev.
- Macro photography. Kab, paj, me me, microcircuits. Macro lens.
Muaj lwm yam, tab sis lawv siv lo ntsiab muag kim dua. Yog tias koj xaiv lub koob yees duab thiab lens pheej yig dua, ces peb tuaj yeem hais tias cov lus nug ntawm lub koob yees duab twg zoo dua tau raug daws. Cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob pheej yig tuaj yeem yuav ib txwm yog tias koj kho qhov kev yuav khoom kom zoo.
Kuv puas yuav tau lwm hom DSLR?
Ntau hom SLR koob yees duabNws raug pom zoo kom yuav los ntawm Canon lossis Nikon. Vim li cas? Vim tias lawv muaj ntau yam khoom ntxiv: lo ntsiab muag, flashes, rooj plaub, aqua thawv thiab lwm yam.
Koj tuaj yeem coj, piv txwv li, lub lens Sigma, Tamron, thiab lwm yam, tab sis qhov twg yog qhov lav tias qhov zoo yuav tsis poob? "Native" optics yeej ib txwm txhim khu kev qha thiab zoo dua.
Siv qhov xaus
Cov kab lus tau muab cov npe kwv yees ntawm lub koob yees duab, lo ntsiab muag, yam ntxwv. Nws raug nquahu kom nyeem cov kev tshuaj xyuas txog cov qauv ntawm kev txaus siab ua ntej yuav. Cov nqi rau lawv txawv, txawm tias ib xyoos lawv tuaj yeem hloov pauv sai sai. Koj yuav tsum tsis txhob maj mus xaiv, thiaj li tsis txhob poob siab. Nws kuj tseem yuav tsum tau xav txog cov duab uas tau coj nrog txhua lub lens. Nws yog ib qho yooj yim mus yuav lub koob yees duab zoo pheej yig, qhov tseem ceeb yog tsis txhob yuam kev los ntawm kev yuav khoom pheej yig thiab tsis muaj txiaj ntsig.
