Tib neeg lub neej niaj hnub yog qhov xav tsis thoob uas tsis muaj hluav taws xob, uas tau nthuav dav ntau thaj tsam thiab muaj peev xwm ntawm peb lub neej. Txhawm rau kom txaus siab rau nws tus kheej cov kev xav tau, lub zog hluav taws xob yuav tsum muaj ntau qhov ntsuas tau zoo. Lub ntsiab yog qhov voltage, uas yog tswj los ntawm kev siv lub transformer antapf. Qhov kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv fais fab no yog dab tsi thiab nws ua haujlwm li cas, peb yuav nkag siab ntxiv.
Antappa yog dab tsi: txhais thiab lub hom phiaj
Ansapfa ntawm lub transformer yog PBV hloov nyob rau sab voltage siab. Tsim los kho qhov kev hloov pauv. Hauv kev nkag siab yooj yim, cov txheej txheem suav nrog kev hloov pauv tus lej ntawm qhov winding, uas, raws li cov cai ntawm lub cev, kho qhov voltage.
Lub caij no tso cai rau koj hloov qhov voltage ntawm +/- 10%. Cov qib yog nyob ntawm lub zog ntawm cov khoom siv fais fab, nws cov kev ua haujlwm zoo. Kev hloov kho ntawm lub antapf ntawm lub transformer 10/0, 4 kV tsuas yog nqa tawm thaum cov khoom siv los kho (hloov yam tsis muaj excitation).
Nws tsis tuaj yeem hloov kho txhua lub sijhawm yooj yim, vim tias kev ua haujlwm yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj zog rau cov neeg siv khoom. Tias yog vim li cas ntawm cov hluav taws xob muaj zog ntawm cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob los ntawm 110 kV thiab siab dua, lwm lub cuab yeej siv, hu ua on-load tap-changer.
Voltage regulation nyob rau hauv load yog suav tias yog ib tug advanced antapf uas tso cai rau koj hloov tus naj npawb ntawm lem yam tsis tau kaw. Rau kev nplij siab ntawm kev ua raws li cov qauv los ntawm kev xa cov neeg ua haujlwm, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hloov pauv tau ntxiv los ntawm telemechanics.
Anzapf ntaus ntawv
Ansapfa transformer yog ib qho khoom siv yooj yim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev sib txuas coiled, uas yog ua ke nrog kev hloov thiab winding ntawm sab siab. Kev hloov kho yog ua nyob rau hauv ob qho kev qhia: nce (txo) thiab nqes (ntxiv). Tag nrho cov no yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm txoj cai ntawm lub cev ntawm Ohm, uas xav tias qhov sib piv ntawm qhov tsis kam mus rau qib voltage.
Yuav kom nkag siab txog txoj haujlwm ntawm transformer antapf, koj yuav tsum tau saib cov cim ntawm daim ntawv teev npe. Txhua kauj ruam xav tias 2.5% hloov pauv, nce lossis nqis. Lub tshuab caij nplooj ntoos hlav yog siv los tswj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv.
Nco ntsoov tias dhau sijhawm, kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv yuav txo qis, yog li kev hloov ntawm lub cuab yeejyuav tsum tau ua tsawg kawg 2 zaug hauv ib xyoos. Ib xyoos ib zaug, kev ntsuas lub cev ntawm cov windings yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm kev siv megger lossis lwm yam khoom siv los ntawm kev pabcuam rwb thaiv tsev.
Schematic daim duab
Schematic sawv cev ntawm antapf yog qhia hauv qab no. Qee qhov hloov pauv yuav txawv ntawm txoj haujlwm thiab kev taw qhia ntawm kev txav mus los, lwm yam tsis hloov pauv.
On-load tap-changer: nws ua haujlwm li cas
Raws li tau sau tseg saum toj no, kev hloov pauv ntawm tus pin transformer tuaj yeem ua los ntawm tus kais hloov pauv. Ib hom kev hloov pauv tshwj xeeb suav nrog kev hloov hluav taws xob tas li nyob ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm hnub thiab kev thauj khoom. Kev tswj hwm yog ua nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm +/- 10 mus rau 16%. Qee qhov xwm txheej, lub tshuab ua haujlwm tsis siv neeg tag nrho raug teeb tsa uas txhawb nqa txoj haujlwm xav tau ntawm nws tus kheej. Lwm txoj kev xaiv nyob ntawm kev tswj xyuas los ntawm chav tswj lossis OPU.
Raws li txoj cai ntawm kev ua haujlwm, nws tau ua raws li hauv qab no:
- Muaj ib qho antapf, uas hloov tus naj npawb ntawm windings los ntawm unscrewing lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Raws li ib txwm muaj, 33 lem txhais tau hais tias kev hloov pauv ntawm tus lej ntawm 1 units. Qib ntawm kev cai feem ntau txiav txim siab los ntawm lub suab detuning.
- Txhawm rau ua kom cov txheej txheem, lub tshuab hluav taws xob txuas nrog, uas tau kho kom ua tiav ib qho haujlwm. Los ntawm cov tswj vaj huam sib luag, lub teeb liab raug xa mus rau lub tshuab hluav taws xob, tom qab ntawd cov kev cai yuav siv qhov chaw.
- Rau cov lus teb sai dua, koj yuav tsum sivtelemechanics, uas muab cov txheej txheem los ntawm chav tswj.
Type of on-load tap-changers
Muaj ntau ntau hom kev hloov pauv voltage, ntawm cov uas sawv tawm:
- OLTC nrog cov reactors tam sim no txwv. Qhov no yog qhov qub-style transformer mount, uas xav tias muaj ob lub contactors thiab lub reactor. Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, ob qhov kev sib cuag tau luv luv ua ntej hloov mus rau lwm txoj haujlwm. Lub reactor yog siv los txwv qhov cuam tshuam tsis zoo.
- OLTC nrog txwv cov resistors. Nws yog siv nyob rau hauv tshiab transformer substations. Cov txheej txheem muaj xws li ib tug trigger contactor, uas yuav hloov tus naj npawb ntawm lem los ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Qhov no txo qhov voltage hloov lub sij hawm thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov khoom siv.
OLTC thiab cov chaw taws teeb tswj: automation ntawm voltage kho
Hloov lub antapf ntawm lub tshuab hloov pauv yog ib txoj kev tseem ceeb heev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov chaw nres tsheb ntawm 110 kV thiab siab dua. Raws li tau hais ua ntej, cov txheej txheem cuam tshuam nrog kev ua kom lub zog ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob hloov pauv, qhov hloov pauv uas tuaj yeem tshwm sim ntawm tus xa khoom lub console. Rau qhov no, telemechanics yog siv, uas muaj peev xwm xa cov teeb liab kom nce lossis txo qhov voltage ntawm fiber ntau optic cable.
Cov txheej txheem dav dav suav nrog cov hauv qab no hauv cov saw:
- Lub xub ntiag ntawm chav neeg rau zaub mov uas xa thiab tau txais lub teeb liab mus rau lub substation, nrog rau lub computer hauv chav tswj. Kev hloov cov ntaub ntawv cuam tshuam nrog kev siv tus neeg xyuas pib, qhov twg feem ntauoptical fiber yog siv. Twisted-pair kis kuj muaj nyob ntawm no, tab sis cov ntaub ntawv hloov pauv tus nqi yog qhov qis dua.
- Ntawm lub substation nyob rau hauv lub telemechanics txee, lub cable txuas nrog lub thaiv uas cuam tshuam nrog lub on-load tap-changer. Muaj ob hom kev nce / qis dua ntawm cov zis. Tom qab ua haujlwm, cov lus teb tau muab rau tus neeg rau zaub mov, uas tshwm sim nws tus kheej hauv kev ua tiav lossis tsis ua tiav ntawm txoj haujlwm.
- txhawm rau txiav txim siab qib voltage, telemetry yog tso tawm hauv lub computer. Thaum hloov kho, qhov tom kawg yuav tsum hloov siab lossis qis dua nyob ntawm lub teeb liab xa mus.
Automation thiab telemechanics muab kev nplij siab tseem ceeb hauv kev tswj hwm cov lus qhia. Kev tsim lub system feem ntau nyob ntawm kev siv thev naus laus zis thiab kev siv cuab yeej siv. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias kev tsim lub tshuab ua haujlwm tsis siv neeg ua haujlwm yog cov kauj ruam tom ntej hauv kev tswj hwm zoo ntawm hom raws li lub sijhawm.
Video: txhua yam kev ua haujlwm ntawm on-load tap-changer
Peb caw koj los saib ib daim vis dis aus uas qhia txog kev siv tshuab ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob hloov pauv. Cov kws kho mob tshwj xeeb ntsuas qhov kev hloov pauv hauv qhov hluav taws xob, suav cov kev hloov pauv tiav.
Zoo kawg
Ansapfa transformer yog ib qho ntawm lub zog hloov hluav taws xob uas tso cai rau koj los kho qhov voltage. Cov cuab yeej muaj cov txheej txheem yooj yim ntawm kev ua raws li Ohm txoj cai ntawm kev tawm tsam. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev hloov kho yog hloov pauv tus naj npawb ntawm winding, txawm li cas los xij, cov txheej txheem yog nqa nrog lossis tsis them rov qab PBB los ntawm tus kais hloov pauv.
Kev xaiv nyob ntawm cov khoom siv fais fab, nws lub zog thiabib co lwm yam nta. Kev hloov kho ntawm antapf ntawm lub transformer 10/0, 4 feem ntau yog ua tiav nrog kev them rov qab. Rau high-voltage substations, qhov twg muaj coob tus neeg siv yuav tsum tsis muaj hluav taws xob, ib tug on-load tap-changer yog siv. Qhov zoo ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob feem ntau nyob ntawm cov cuab yeej yooj yim, uas tau tham hauv kab lus nthuav tawm.
