Volume control: daim duab thiab daim ntawv thov

Cov txheej txheem:

Volume control: daim duab thiab daim ntawv thov
Volume control: daim duab thiab daim ntawv thov
Anonim

Muaj pob qhov rooj tshwj xeeb los hloov lub suab. Los ntawm zaus, lawv muab faib ua active, thiab passive. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev faib yog nqa tawm raws li hom kev teeb tsa. Feem ntau yog suav tias yog cov tswj hwm digital. Lawv tsim rau ntau hom amplifiers thiab muaj lawv tus kheej channel. Txhawm rau nkag siab lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov cuab yeej no, koj yuav tsum nkag siab lawv cov cuab yeej kom ntxaws.

tswj ntim
tswj ntim

Tus tswj hwm ua haujlwm li cas?

Ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm tus tswj hwm tau suav tias yog microcircuits. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm lawv cov parameter, lawv muaj peev xwm txawv heev. Yog tias peb xav txog cov qauv kev tshaj lij, ces muaj txog li 100 tus neeg sib txawv. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub regulator muaj ib tug maub los uas hloov lub limiting zaus ntawm lub cuab yeej. Capacitors tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam hauv lub cuab yeej. Hauv cov qauv yooj yim, muaj txog li plaub ntawm lawv. Feem ntau koj tuaj yeem pom ceramic capacitors hauv cov regulator. Lawv zaus feem ntau yog qhia rau ntawm daim ntawv lo.

suab ntim tswj
suab ntim tswj

Hauv cov qauv kev tshaj lij, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob electrolytic raug teeb tsa. Lawv conductivity zoo dua, tab sis lawv kim. Resistors nyob rau hauv tus qauv Circuit Court tuaj yeem nrhiav tau txog li kaum units. Lawv txawv ntawm ib leeg nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm qhov kawg kuj. Cov qauv yooj yim tshaj plaws tuaj yeem khav tau qhov ntsuas ntawm 2 ohms. Resistors nrog cov ntsuas zoo li no muaj ntau heev. Thaum kawg, lub kaw mechanism yuav tsum tau hu ua lub xeem lub ntsiab ntawm lub regulator. Feem ntau nws yog nthuav tawm nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib lub pob, tab sis muaj cov qauv nrog ib tug complex zaub system.

Kev siv tus qauv hluav taws xob

Hluav taws xob ntim tswj tau teeb tsa ntawm yuav luag txhua lub suab nrov. Hauv qhov no, kev vibrations tuaj yeem hloov pauv ntau yam. Feem ntau koj tuaj yeem pom cov tswj tau du uas tso cai rau koj ua kom zoo heev rau lub suab, tab sis kuj tseem muaj cov tshuab dhia. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, qhov kev hloov nyob rau hauv parameters yog nqa tawm ib theem zuj zus thiab sai sai. Cov ntaubntawv povthawj siv studios muaj ntau lub tshuab sib tov. Lawv tso cai rau koj tswj tau ntau yam teebmeem. Yog tias peb xav txog kev tswj hwm hluav taws xob ua ke, ces ntau qhov no nyob ntawm tus neeg hais lus.

Kev sib dhos tus kheej ntawm tus tswj hwm

Yuav kom sib sau ua-nws-koj tus kheej ntim tswj rau lub tshuab hluav taws xob nruab nrab, koj xav tau lub nti nrog tsawg kawg 8 khoom. Transistors rau nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws siv bipolar. Feem ntau lawv tau nthuav tawm hauv khw nrog cov cim "2НН". Lawv qhov taw qhia tsis kam hloov pauv qhov nruab nrab ntawm 3 ohms. Controllers feem ntau yog linear. Lawv tso cai rau koj kom hloov tau yooj yim ntawm kev txwv ntau zaus. Hauv qhov no, amplitude ntawm kev cuam tshuam yuav nyob ntawm ib leegcapacitor.

tswj lub suab thiab ntim
tswj lub suab thiab ntim

Rau tus tswj hwm zoo tib yam, nws yuav txaus rau nruab peb ntawm lawv. LEDs tsuas yog siv tau ua ke nrog cov rectifiers. Qee qhov xwm txheej, txhawm rau ua kom tswj lub ntim nrog koj tus kheej tes, nws tseem qhia kom siv lub zener diode thaum pib ntawm Circuit Court. Cov ntsiab lus no txhawb kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov resistors thiab cov regulator tag nrho.

Lub mloog pob ntseg tswj tau li cas?

Lub mloog pob ntseg ntim tswj tau tsuas yog ob lub capacitor. Ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm cov khoom siv no tuaj yeem hu ua qhov tsis muaj zog bandwidth. Lub teeb liab hauv ntau cov qauv mus rau lub sijhawm ntev. Qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb tias transistors tsis yog tsim los rau lub zog siab. Hauv qee cov qauv ntawm regulators, resonators raug ntsia. Lawv muaj ntau hom thiab muaj lawv tus kheej parameters. Feem ntau yog quartz resonators. Lawv qhov ntsuas tsis kam mus txog 4 ohms. Nyob rau hauv lem, ferrite counterparts tsuas tuaj yeem tiv taus 2 ohms. Txuas lub mloog pob ntseg ntim rau tus hais lus siv lub choke.

Tone tswj Circuit Court

Timbre thiab ntim tswj tau muaj tus tswj ua haujlwm. Nws yog haum rau amplifiers ntawm txawv zog. Diodes nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yog ntsia heev tsawg. Rectifiers tsuas muaj nyob rau hauv cov qauv uas muaj tsawg tshaj li peb transistors. Resistors hauv cov khoom siv suav nrog cov cim "BC". Lawv cov khoom siv tau zoo heev, tab sis lawv nkag siab rau qhov kub thiab txias. Capacitors nyob rau hauv ntau cov qauv yog bipolar. txwvqhov tsis kam ntawm lub suab thiab ntim tswj tau tuaj yeem tiv taus ntawm qib 3 ohms. Hauv cov qauv qauv, lub qhov (socket) muaj "PPA" rau lub nplhaib tsis tu ncua. Lub inductor nrog cov resistor tsuas yog txuas nrog lub converter.

Yuav ua li cas teeb tsa tus tswj hwm hauv Windows?

Nws yooj yim heev los teeb tsa tus tswj hwm. Lub icon rau cov khoom no yog nyob rau ntawm lub Start vaj huam sib luag. Los ntawm txhaj rau nws ib zaug nrog tus yuam sij sab laug, koj tuaj yeem hloov qhov txwv zaus. Qee zaum, tus neeg siv tsis pom lub cim tshwj xeeb. Qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb tias Windows ntim tswj tsis tau ntxiv rau thaj chaw ceeb toom. Nws yog feem ntau kis tau los ntawm lub operating system. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev txiav txim no tseem tuaj yeem ua manually los ntawm kev tswj vaj huam sib luag. Tsis tas li, yog vim li cas tej zaum yuav tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv Sndvol.exe. Hauv qhov no, ib daim qauv ntawm nws yuav tsum tau khaws cia rau hauv lub computer.

headphone ntim tswj
headphone ntim tswj

Stereo Parameters

Lawv lub suab nrov yog nyob ib ncig ntawm 70 dB. Lub harmonic distortion parameter yog feem ntau 0.001%. Kev khiav hauj lwm zaus yog li ntawm 0 txog 10000 Hz. Lub input voltage ntawm lub cuab yeej yog 0.5 V. Nyob rau hauv ntau cov qauv, cov tswj yog ntsia reversible. Cov zis voltage nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yuav tsum tsis txhob ntau tshaj 0.5 V. Lub tso suab ntim regulator feem ntau muaj ib tug mem tes stabilizer. Cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob los ntawm qhov thaiv nrog qhov hluav taws xob txog li 15 V.

Mic qauv nrog tswj

A microphone nrog lub ntim tswj yog ib qho khoom siv niaj hnub no, thiabmicrocircuit hauv nws feem ntau muaj "MK22" series. Lub bandwidth ntawm cov qauv yog siab heev, lub teeb liab kis tau zoo. Muaj ob lub diodes nyob rau hauv tus qauv Circuit Court. Ib tug ntawm lawv, raws li ib tug txoj cai, yog nyob ze ntawm lub xauv mechanism. Cov capacitors tau nruab nrog qhov sib txawv. Qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog txhawm rau tswj cov zaus ntawm qhov sib txawv.

Qhov lawv muaj qhov nruab nrab yog khaws cia txog 4 ohms. Capacitors nyob rau hauv lub regulator yuav tsum tsuas yog electrolytic. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, qhov no yuav muab ib tug loj nce nyob rau hauv lub rhiab heev ntawm cov cuab yeej. Muaj txog yim resistors nyob rau hauv tus qauv Circuit Court. Lawv muaj qhov nruab nrab tsis kam ntawm 3 ohms. Lub ntim tswj muaj lub kaw lus ncaj nraim hauv daim ntawv ntawm tus tswj.

Scheme of laub khawm regulator

Lub laub-khawm ntim tswj (daim duab qhia hauv qab) txawv ntawm lwm yam khoom siv uas nws cov diodes tau teeb tsa ua khub. Yog li ntawd, lub microcircuit xa cov teeb liab mus rau lub resistor sai sai. Rectifiers tsis muaj nyob rau hauv ntau cov qauv, thiab qhov no yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account. Muaj txog li peb lub capacitors nyob rau hauv tus qauv Circuit Court. Lawv qhov siab tshaj plaws tsis kam yog tswj ntawm qib 2 ohms. Lub suab nrov rau cov qauv zoo li qhov nruab nrab ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm 50 dB.

electronic ntim tswj
electronic ntim tswj

Qhov tsis yog-linear distortion Performance index, tig, yog 0.002%. Ntawm cov shortcomings, tej yam teeb meem nrog unevenness yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg. Qhov no yog vim qhov me me ntawm kev khiav hauj lwm zaus. Qee zaum, nws ua rau kev txiav txim siab rau nruab ib lub amplifier nrog lub zog ntawm ntau tshaj 15Q. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, lub suab tsis yuav nce.

Passive Regulators

Lub ntim ntim tswj qhov sib txawv ntawm lwm cov khoom siv hauv qhov uas nws tau ua ntau-channel. Lawv qhov kev tiv thaiv yog nyob rau nruab nrab tswj ntawm qib 3 ohms. Locking mechanisms yog tus qauv. Nyob rau hauv lem, controllers nyob rau hauv lawv tsuas yog digital. Qhov no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm synchronize lub suab tso suab hauv lub cuab yeej kom raug. Yog li, qhov teeb meem tsis sib xws ploj los ntawm nws tus kheej.

Resistors hauv ntau tus qauv yog hom trimmer. Ib tug txawv feature ntawm kev ua qauv yog lub xub ntiag ntawm ib tug resonator. Cov zis hluav taws xob ntawm lub caij no tuaj yeem ncav cuag 8 V. Feem ntau, lawv tau nruab rau hauv cov tswj hwm ntawm hom quartz. Muaj ob lub capacitors nyob rau hauv tus qauv Circuit Court. Cov nti hauv qhov system yog tsim los rau 8 khoom.

Siv Cov Qauv Ua Haujlwm

Active ntim tswj, raws li txoj cai, yog siv rau receivers uas lub hwj chim tsis tshaj 5 V. Nws muaj resistors nrog ib tug tsis kam ntawm 4 ohms. Resonators tau nruab quartz. Ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm cov regulators no tuaj yeem hu ua teeb liab relays. Chokes, raws li txoj cai, tsis siv rau hauv cov khoom siv. Amplifiers tau teev tsuas yog hom kev ua haujlwm. Yog li ntawd, tsis muaj kev xav tau rau rectifiers. Cov tshuab tso saib hauv cov khoom siv tuaj yeem pom nyob hauv ntau txoj hauv kev. Qhov kev tswj lub ntim no tsis haum rau cov khoom siv txawb.

Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm Circuit Court

Kev tswj ntim ntim sib xyaw (daim duab qhia hauv qab) capacitorstsis muaj ntau tshaj tsib daim. Transistors nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no tsuas yog siv tau hom bipolar. Lawv cov peev txheej yog siab heev. Qhov kev tiv thaiv yog nyob rau nruab nrab tuav ntawm 3 ohms. Linear transistors tau muab rau hauv qhov system. Stabilizers tsuas yog teev nyob rau hauv cov qauv kev tshaj lij. Lawv qhov txwv tsis pub dhau 4000 Hz.

Volume tswj Circuit Court
Volume tswj Circuit Court

Yuav ua li cas thiaj li them nyiaj rov qab ua haujlwm?

Cov kev tswj hwm ntawm hom no feem ntau yog siv hauv xov tooj cua kaw suab. Lawv cov cuab yeej siv tau yooj yim heev. Lub microcircuit nyob rau hauv lub cuab yeej yog ntsia rau hauv "KR2" series. Tus maub los nws tus kheej yog hom linear. Tsuas yog ib qho transistor siv xwb. Nws nyob ntawm ib sab ntawm microcircuit.

Muaj ob lub capacitors nyob rau hauv tag nrho. Feem ntau yog hom electrolytic. Lawv muaj peev xwm tiv taus lub zog ntsuas ntawm qib 16 V. Txawm li cas los xij, cov teeb liab tso zis tau pom los ntawm cov cuab yeej tsis zoo. Tsis muaj ntau tshaj tsib resistors nyob rau hauv lub regulator. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yog teem nrog ib tug limiting zaus ntawm txog 3000 Hz.

kev ua qauv zoo

Kev tshaj lij lub suab ntim tswj ntawm lub nti muaj ntau cov channel. Muab qhov no, lawv xav tau ib tug tuning resistor rau ib txwm ua hauj lwm. Nws feem ntau yog nyob ib sab ntawm lub capacitor. Lub kaw lus yog tsim los rau kev thauj khoom ntawm 8 khoom. Lub xauv mechanism nyob rau hauv lub cuab yeej yog ntsia li niaj zaus. Lub suab nrov ntawm lub cuab yeej ncav cuag qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm 55 dB. Qhov taw qhia tsis-linear distortion hauv qee kis tuaj yeem tshaj 0.001%.

tswj ntimua koj tus kheej
tswj ntimua koj tus kheej

Kev ua haujlwm zaus hloov pauv ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntawm 2000 Hz. Raws li kev sib raug zoo, cov tswv yim zoo li no tsis tshua muaj teeb meem. Cov zis hluav taws xob ntawm lub cuab yeej yog 0.5 V. Resistor decoupling kuj tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm 3 ohms. Cov hloov pauv tau muab rau hauv qhov system, thiab lawv txuas nrog lub rooj tsavxwm nkaus xwb los ntawm choke. Muaj txog peb lub capacitor hauv tus qauv qauv. Lawv txaus los tiv nrog ntau yam teeb meem. Lub nplhaib ferrite yuav tsum nyob ze ntawm lub qhov (socket) ntaus ntawv.

hluav taws xob suab tswj

Txhua lub tshuab hluav taws xob hluav taws xob yog qhov loj me, thiab qhov kawg qhov hluav taws xob tuaj yeem tiv taus ntau heev. Hauv qhov no, lawv tsis tuaj yeem ua haujlwm yam tsis muaj amplifier. Stabilizers, raws li txoj cai, tsuas yog siv linear. Diode circuits nyob tam sim tom qab lub rooj tsavxwm.

Distortion los ntawm lub cuab yeej yog suppressed los ntawm resistors. Stabilizers pab tus regulator kom tiv nrog qhov txwv zaus. Rectifiers tsis tshua muaj ntsia. Lub zog noj ntawm cov khoom siv no yog siab, thiab lawv tsis xav tau cov converters. Koj tuaj yeem pom cov khoom siv no ntawm cov khoom sib tov ntau zaus.

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