Txoj kev xav tau rau kev sib koom tes yuav tsum muaj kev txhim kho cov ntsiab cai tshiab ntawm kev taw qhia. Tshwj xeeb, ib qho ntawm cov xwm txheej uas tau hais los ntawm kev niaj hnub yog kev qhia txog kev ywj pheej ntawm kev ntsuas qhov chaw ntawm lub hom phiaj cov khoom. Cov peev txheej no yog muab los ntawm lub inertial navigation system uas tshem tawm qhov xav tau ntawm cov teeb liab los ntawm xov tooj cua beacons thiab satellites.
Technology overview
Inertial navigation yog ua raws li cov cai ntawm kev siv tshuab, tso cai rau koj los kho qhov tsis sib xws ntawm kev txav ntawm lub cev txheeb ze rau cov qauv tsim ntawm kev siv. Thawj thawj zaug, lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm navigation pib siv tsis ntev los no hauv nkoj gyrocompasses. Nrog kev txhim kho ntawm kev ntsuas ntsuas ntawm hom no, sawvib qho txheej txheem uas txiav txim siab ntsuas qhov ntsuas raws li qhov nrawm ntawm lub cev. Txoj kev xav ntawm lub inertial navigation system pib los ze zog mus rau 1930s. Txij thaum ntawd los, cov kws tshawb fawb hauv cheeb tsam no tau pib ua tib zoo saib xyuas cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov tshuab tshuab. Hauv kev xyaum, lub tswv yim no yog qhov nyuaj heev rau kev siv, yog li rau lub sijhawm ntev nws tseem nyob hauv daim ntawv theoretical xwb. Tab sis nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los no, nrog rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb raws li computers, inertial navigation cov cuab yeej tau nquag siv nyob rau hauv aviation, dej engineering, thiab lwm yam.
System Cheebtsam
Cov ntsiab lus yuav tsum tau muaj ntawm txhua qhov inertial system yog thaiv cov cuab yeej ntsuas ntsuas thiab cov khoom siv suav. Thawj qeb ntawm cov ntsiab lus yog sawv cev los ntawm gyroscopes thiab accelerometers, thiab qhov thib ob yog cov cuab yeej siv computer uas siv qee qhov kev suav algorithms. Qhov tseeb ntawm txoj kev no feem ntau nyob ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom siv rhiab heev. Piv txwv li, cov ntaub ntawv txhim khu kev qha ua rau nws tuaj yeem tau txais inertial navigation systems tsuas yog nrog precision-type gyroscopes ua ke nrog accelerometers. Tab sis nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov cuab yeej cuab tam muaj ib tug loj drawback nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm high complexity ntawm lub electromechanical filling, tsis hais txog qhov loj ntawm cov khoom.
Yuav ua li cas lub kaw lus ua haujlwm
Txoj kev ntawm kev txiav txim siab kev tswj hwm siv lub inertial system yog ua cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev nrawm ntawm lub cev, nrog rau lawv.angular ceev. Rau qhov no, dua, cov ntsiab lus rhiab tau ntsia ncaj qha rau ntawm lub hom phiaj khoom siv, ua tsaug rau cov ntaub ntawv twg yog tsim los ntawm meta-txoj hauj lwm, chav kawm ntawm kev txav mus los, kev ncua deb thiab ceev. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm inertial navigation system ua rau nws muaj peev xwm siv tau los ua kom ruaj khov thiab txawm tias tswj tau ib qho khoom. Rau cov hom phiaj no, linear acceleration sensors nrog gyroscopic khoom siv. Nrog kev pab los ntawm cov cuab yeej no, ib daim ntawv tshaj tawm tau tsim ua haujlwm uas cuam tshuam rau qhov kev sib tw ntawm cov khoom. Raws li cov generated coordinate system, lub kaum sab xis ntawm inclination thiab rotation yog txiav txim. Qhov zoo ntawm cov thev naus laus zis no suav nrog kev tswj hwm tus kheej, muaj peev xwm ntawm automation thiab qib siab ntawm kev tiv thaiv suab nrov.
Kev faib tawm ntawm inertial navigation systems
Yeej, qhov kev xav txog kev siv tshuab tau muab faib ua platform thiab strapdown (SINS). Lub qub tseem hu ua thaj chaw thiab tej zaum yuav muaj ob lub platform. Ib qho yog muab los ntawm gyroscopes thiab yog taw qhia nyob rau hauv inertial teb, thiab qhov thib ob yog tswj los ntawm accelerometers thiab stabilizes txheeb ze rau lub dav hlau kab rov tav. Yog li ntawd, cov kev tswj xyuas tau txiav txim siab siv cov ntaub ntawv hais txog qhov txheeb ze ntawm ob lub platform. SINS cov qauv yog suav tias yog kev siv thev naus laus zis ntau dua. Lub strapdown inertial navigation system tsis muaj qhov tsis zoo cuam tshuam nrog kev txwv hauv kev siv gyroplatforms. Ceev thiabqhov chaw ntawm cov khoom nyob rau hauv cov qauv no yog hloov mus rau digital xam, uas tseem muaj peev xwm sau cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub angular orientation. Kev txhim kho niaj hnub no ntawm SINS lub hom phiaj txhawm rau txhim kho kev suav cov algorithms yam tsis txo qhov raug ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thawj zaug.
Txoj hauv kev los txiav txim siab qhov kev taw qhia ntawm lub platform
Tsis txhob poob qhov cuam tshuam thiab cov tshuab ua haujlwm nrog cov platforms los txiav txim siab thawj cov ntaub ntawv ntawm qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom. Lub sijhawm tam sim no, cov qauv hauv qab no ntawm lub platform inertial navigation tau ua tiav:
- Geometric system. Tus qauv qauv nrog ob lub platform, uas tau piav qhia saum toj no. Cov tshuab no muaj qhov tseeb heev, tab sis lawv muaj kev txwv hauv kev pabcuam cov tsheb uas muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm tau zoo nyob rau sab nraud.
- Analytical system. Nws kuj tseem siv cov accelerometers thiab gyroscopes, uas nyob ruaj ruaj rau cov hnub qub. Qhov zoo ntawm cov tshuab no suav nrog kev muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm zoo rau cov khoom siv xws li missiles, helicopters thiab fighters. Tab sis txawm nyob rau hauv kev sib piv nrog ib tug strapdown inertial navigation system, analytical systems qhia tau hais tias tsis tshua muaj neeg nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim qhov tsis ntawm ib yam khoom dynamics.
- Semi-analytical system. Muab los ntawm ib lub platform, tsis tu ncua stabilizing nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub qab ntug hauv zos. Lub hauv paus no muaj lub gyroscope thiab lub ntsuas ntsuas nrawm, thiab cov kev suav raug teeb tsa sab nraum lub chaw ua haujlwm.
Txheej ntawm inertial satellite systems
Qhov no yog ib chav kawm muaj kev cia siab ntawm kev sib koom ua ke navigation systems uas sib txuas qhov zoo ntawm satellite teeb liab qhov chaw thiab suav tias yog cov qauv inertial. Tsis zoo li cov tshuab satellite nrov, cov tshuab zoo li no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm siv tau cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev taw qhia angular thiab tsim kev ywj pheej algorithms thaum tsis muaj cov cim qhia. Tau txais cov ntaub ntawv geolocation ntxiv tso cai rau peb ua kom yooj yim cov qauv ntawm cov ntsiab lus rhiab, tsis kam lees cov khoom kim. Qhov zoo ntawm inertial satellite navigation system muaj xws li qhov hnyav, me me thiab cov txheej txheem ua cov ntaub ntawv yooj yim. Ntawm qhov tod tes, qhov tsis ruaj khov ntawm MEMS gyroscopes ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev txiav txim siab cov ntaub ntawv.
Teb ntawm daim ntawv thov ntawm inertial systems
Ntawm cov neeg siv khoom muaj peev xwm ntawm inertial navigation technology yog cov neeg sawv cev ntawm ntau yam kev lag luam. Qhov no tsis yog tsuas yog astronautics thiab aviation xwb, tab sis kuj tsheb (navigation systems), neeg hlau (txhais tau hais tias tswj cov yam ntxwv kinematic), kev ua si (kev txiav txim siab dynamics), tshuaj thiab txawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev, thiab lwm yam.
Zoo kawg
Txoj kev xav ntawm inertial navigation, lub tswv yim uas tau pib tsim nyob rau hauv ib puas xyoo dhau los, niaj hnub no tuaj yeem suav tias yog ib feem ntawm kev siv tshuab mechatronics. Txawm li cas los xij, kev ua tiav tsis ntev los no qhia tias yav tom ntej yuavtshwm sim thiab nrhiav tau ntau dua. Qhov no yog pov thawj los ntawm kev sib raug zoo ntawm inertial navigation systems nrog computer science thiab electronics. Kev ua haujlwm siab tshiab tshwm sim, nthuav dav qhov chaw rau kev txhim kho cov thev naus laus zis ntsig txog, kuj yog raws li theoretical mechanics. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov kws tshaj lij hauv cov lus qhia no tau nquag ua haujlwm ntawm kev ua kom zoo tshaj plaws, cov ntsiab lus ntawm micromechanical gyroscopes.
