Cov khoom luam tawm tau ntev los ua ib feem ntawm lub neej txhua hnub. Cov ntawv xov xwm, cov ntawv xov xwm, cov ntawv tshaj tawm hauv mailbox, daim npav lag luam, cov ntawv tshaj tawm thiab cov ntawv teev npe ntawm cov khw muag khoom loj - txhua tus neeg muaj tsawg kawg ib zaug tuaj ntsib nrog qhov no. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev luam ntawv rau kev tshaj tawm cov khoom thiab cov kev pabcuam yog qhov nyuaj rau overestimate. Cov ntaub ntawv luam tawm zoo tsim tuaj yeem nyiam ntau xim rau lub tuam txhab tag nrho lossis nws cov khoom lag luam. Los ntawm cov kev sib txuas lus zoo li no, cov neeg siv khoom muaj peev xwm kawm txog qhov pom ntawm cov khoom tshiab lossis kev pabcuam, hais txog kev txo nqi, cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev muag, kev tshaj tawm thiab kev qhia tshwj xeeb, piv txwv li, thaum nws los txog rau cov khoom siv hauv tsev. Yog li cas cov khoom zoo li no tuaj yeem ua tau? Leej twg tsim nws? Txoj kev twg yog siv rau qhov no? Cov lus teb rau cov lus nug no tuaj yeem pom hauv kab lus hauv qab no.
Cov tshuab no yog ib hom kev luam ntawv tseem ceeb. Thaum siv txoj kev luam ntawv gravure, cov ntawv nyeem, cov duab kos duab, cov duab kos thiab lwm cov cim raug xa mus rau qhov qub nto siv cov khoom luam ntawv,nyob rau hauv lub recess nyob rau hauv relation mus rau lub qhov khoob. Qhov no yog lub cim ntawm txoj kev no. Hauv lwm lo lus, qhov no yog ib hom "rov qab luam ntawv", thaum lub imprint yog sab laug tsis yog los ntawm lub protruding, tab sis los ntawm lub recessed ib feem ntawm intaglio printing daim ntawv.
Txoj Cai Ua Haujlwm
Thaum lub sijhawm luam ntawv, tus number case yog nchuav rau hauv txhua qhov chaw luam ntawv, thiab tseem npog qhov khoob. Txij li tag nrho cov ntsiab lus whitespace nyob rau ntawm lub tog raj kheej hauv ib theem, lawv tsim ib daim phiaj los txhawb cov riam uas tshem tawm cov xim ntau dhau. Cov riam no tuaj yeem ua los ntawm cov yas lossis hlau.
Qhov zoo ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm yog nyob ntawm qhov tuab ntawm tus number case txheej. Qhov ntau "bold" txheej cov ntsiab lus luam ntawv tau them nrog, qhov zoo dua ntawm cov duab tshwm sim yuav yog. Nrog rau kev hloov pauv zoo kawg nkaus, nws tuaj yeem hloov pauv txhua qhov ntxoov ntxoo ntawm cov xim, gradient hloov pauv thiab txawm tias nyuaj los ntawm cov ntawv nyeem ("glow", "shadows" thiab lwm yam).
A trip to history
Txoj kev luam ntawv gravure tau siv thawj zaug hauv xyoo 1446. Tom qab ntawd nws muaj lub npe txawv, nkag siab ntau dua thiab paub lub npe - engraving. Thawj cov qauv no tau ua rau tooj liab. Txog rau thaum xyoo pua 19th, tsuas yog siv phau ntawv engraving txoj kev. Lub recesses ntawm cov khoom luam ntawv tau txais los ntawm kev siv cutters, lapidaries, koob qhuav nrog rau cov tshuaj etching. Hom engraving yuav txawv nyob ntawm seb hom khoom tau txais: lavis, aquatingta, etching, thiab lwm yam.
Thawj zaugtxoj kev "print form" tau tsim nyob rau hauv 1878 los ntawm E. Rolfos thiab E. Mertens. Lawv tau txais lawv patent nyob rau hauv 1908, hu ua invention ib tug squeegee. Nws yog ib txoj kev pigmented ua ib daim ntawv luam ntawv. Dab tsi yog nws peculiarity? Squeegee ua rau nws muaj peev xwm los tsim ib daim phiaj ntawm qhov chaw dawb siv rasters.
Kev txhim kho thev naus laus zis ntxiv
Kev nce qib hauv gravure luam ntawv thev naus laus zis yog cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev tshawb fawb tshiab: kev tsim lub laser, kev txhim kho lub tshuab computer, uas tso cai rau kev siv cov kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas hluav taws xob. Nws kuj tau muab sijhawm rau kuv los muab cov txheej txheem no nrog rau lwm tus.
Tam sim no ntawm daim ntawv luam tawm, tau txais cov qauv uas muab cov kab ntawv nrog rau qhov tsis pom zoo raster ntawm qhov luam. Kev siv cov viscosity tsawg inks tsim cov kab du uas "jagged" nrog rau lwm txoj kev luam ntawv.
Cov txheej txheem no yog qhov tseem ceeb thaum ua haujlwm uas muaj cov ntawv me me, cov rasters nyuaj, kev hloov pauv hloov pauv thiab cov duab kos duab qhib.
Gravure ntau yam
Cov hauv qab no yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog:
- Metallography. Nrog rau hom no, gravure printing ntsiab yog tsim los ntawm etching, engraving los yog hlawv ntawm lub phaj siv lub laser. Ntxiv inks nrog nce viscosity thiab stickiness yog siv, uas tsim ib tug nyem yam tsis muaj kev nqus thiab muaj peev xwm rov tsim tau zoo kawg nkaus du thiab zoo kab ntawm luam.
- Deep autotype method. Siv qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov tob thiab cheeb tsam ntawm kev luam ntawvcov ntsiab lus. Lub raster yog siv rau daim ntawv siv etching, laser lossis electrochemical engraving. Feem ntau, txoj kev no yog qhov zoo dua thaum nws tsim nyog los tsim cov ntawv sau loj, txij li autotype pab ua kom "hlub" ntawm cov ntawv luam ntawv. Rau lwm lub hom phiaj, nws tsis tshua siv vim qhov kev tsim khoom ntev dua.
- Pad luam ntawv. Nws yog kev sib xyaw ntawm offset thiab gravure printing. Nrog rau txoj kev no, tus number case yog pauv mus rau saum npoo yuav tsum tau luam tawm siv elastic swab. Siv kom tau txais cov duab ntawm cov duab nyuaj: lub khob, cwjmem, lub teeb, khoom plig me me.
- Elkography. Ib txoj kev nyuaj tshaj plaws. Nws yog raws li kev faib ntawm daim ntawv rau hauv kev luam ntawv thiab cov ntsiab lus dawb paug los ntawm kev hloov lub cev lub cev ntawm tus cwj mem siv, uas yog siv sib npaug ntawm lub tog raj kheej. Coagulation, uas yog, thickening, tshwm sim nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm pulsed hluav taws xob thiab cov txheej txheem raug ntxiv.
Technological nta
Daim ntawv zoo tsuas yog cuam tshuam me me hauv gravure luam ntawv. Txawm hais tias siv daim ntawv pheej yig, qhov tshwm sim tuaj yeem ua rau xav tsis thoob. Gravure kuj tseem muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev sau ntawv loj heev, phau ntawv thiab lwm yam khoom luam tawm.
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov txheej txheem:
- Txoj kev no yog ua raws li kev siv daim ntawv tshwj xeeb uas cov ntawv luam tawm nyob rau hauv qhov chaw so, thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov chaw tsim "daim phiaj".
- Qhov tob ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm dab dej, qhov ntau cov xim ntawm cov duab xav tau lossis cov ntawv yuav yog.
- Qhov tuab ntawm cov ntawv siv tus cwj mem cuam tshuam rau xim ntawm cov duab ntawm qhov luam.
- Daim ntawv luam tawm tag nrho nrog tus cwj mem; nws puv ob qho tib si recesses thiab tag nrho "mesh" nto.
- Cov xim ntau dhau raug tshem tawm nrog lub squeegee.
- Daim duab tau tawg ua ke ua tsaug rau tus raster.
- Cov txheej txheem luam ntawv yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw ntawm yob thiab ntawv-fed gravure tshuab luam ntawv.
- Qee zaum, siv txoj kev siv phau ntawv, uas yog siv cov tshuaj pleev xim tshwj xeeb.
thaj chaw thov
thev naus laus zis cuam tshuam ncaj qha ntawm cov khoom luam tawm thiab lub tog raj kheej luam ntawv, uas muab cov duab zoo nkauj ntawm cov duab lossis cov ntawv. Nws yog haum rau ntau yam ntaub ntawv: wallpaper, coated los yog uncoated ntawv, yas, cardboard, banner ntaub. Vim muaj peev xwm ua hauj lwm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntau, cov ntawv, cov ntaub ntawv ntim, cov ntawv teev npe thiab cov ntawv xov xwm, cov ntawv teev lus thiab phau ntawv, cov ntaub ntawv POS thiab HoReCa cov ntsiab lus tau tsim los siv gravure printing.
Ntxiv rau, cov thev naus laus zis no tsim nyog rau kev luam tawm ntawm qhov chaw nyuaj: lub raj mis, lub raj mis, cwj mem, daim duab, cov twj paj nruag thiab lwm yam, uas ua rau nws tseem ceeb hauv lub ntiaj teb niaj hnub ntawm kev luam ntawv. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis yog siv rau kev tsim cov ntawv sau me me vim tias cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntau.cov ntaub ntawv.
Duaplication
Cov txiaj ntsig pom tau ntawm kev luam ntawv gravure muaj txiaj ntsig nrog kev luam ntawv sau ntau dua 100,000 daim ntawv luam. Nrog tsawg dua, kev luam ntawv offset yuav yeej nyiaj txiag, tab sis poob ntawm qhov zoo.
Tsis tas li ntawd, gravure luam ntawv tsis tshua muaj siv los luam cov ntawv luam ntawv dub thiab dawb me me, raws li lub tshuab luam ntawv luam tawm tso cai rau koj tiv nrog txoj haujlwm no sai dua thiab qis dua kev lag luam.
