Hauv tsab xov xwm peb yuav tham txog yuav ua li cas thiaj ua tau lub hwj chim triac nrog koj tus kheej tes. Dab tsi yog qhov simistor? Qhov no yog ib qho cuab yeej tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob semiconductor. Nws muaj ntau npaum li 5 p-n junctions, qhov tam sim no tuaj yeem hla ob qho tib si rau pem hauv ntej thiab nyob rau hauv qhov sib txawv. Tab sis cov ntsiab lus no tsis tau siv dav hauv cov cuab yeej siv niaj hnub no, vim lawv muaj kev cuam tshuam rau electromagnetic cuam tshuam.
Tsis tas li, lawv tsis tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ntawm cov zaus tam sim no, lawv tsim kom muaj cua sov ntau yog tias lawv hloov cov khoom loj. Yog li ntawd, IGBT transistors thiab thyristors yog siv nyob rau hauv cov khoom siv. Tab sis triacs yuav tsum tsis txhob raug saib xyuas ib qho - lawv pheej yig, lawv muaj qhov me me, thiab qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, cov peev txheej siab. Yog li ntawd, lawv tuaj yeem siv tau qhov tsis zoo uas tau teev tseg saum toj no tsis ua lub luag haujlwm loj.
Tus triac ua haujlwm li cas?
Ntawm lub triac fais fab tswj hnub noNws yog ua tau nyob rau hauv txhua yam khoom siv hauv tsev - hauv grinders, ntswj ntsia hlau, tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws thiab lub tshuab nqus tsev. Nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, nyob qhov twg muaj yog ib tug yuav tsum tau rau smooth hloov ntawm lub cav ceev.
Tus tswj hwm ua haujlwm zoo li tus yuam sij hluav taws xob - nws kaw thiab qhib ntawm qee zaus, uas tau teeb tsa los ntawm kev tswj xyuas hluav taws xob. Thaum lub cuab yeej qhib, ib nrab-yoj ntawm qhov hluav taws xob dhau los ntawm nws. Yog li ntawd, ib feem me me ntawm qhov tsawg kawg nkaus lub hwj chim yog xa mus rau lub load.
Kuv tuaj yeem ua kuv tus kheej?
Ntau lub xov tooj cua amateurs ua lawv tus kheej triac fais fab tswj rau ntau lub hom phiaj. Nrog nws, koj tuaj yeem tswj cov cua sov ntawm lub taub hau. Tab sis, hmoov tsis, cov cuab yeej npaj tau tuaj yeem pom hauv khw, tab sis tsis tshua muaj.
Lawv yog tus nqi qis, tab sis feem ntau cov khoom siv tsis tau raws li cov neeg siv khoom xav tau. Tias yog vim li cas nws yog qhov yooj yim dua, nws hloov tawm, tsis yog yuav ib qho kev npaj ua tiav, tab sis ua rau koj tus kheej. Hauv qhov no, koj yuav tuaj yeem coj mus rau hauv tus account tag nrho cov nuances ntawm kev siv lub cuab yeej.
Regulator circuit
Cia peb saib ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob triac yooj yim uas tuaj yeem siv nrog txhua qhov kev thauj khoom. Kev tswj yog theem-pulse, tag nrho cov khoom yog ib txwm muaj rau cov qauv zoo li no. Koj yuav tsum siv cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no:
- Ncaj nraim rau triac, ntsuas rau 400 V thiab 10 A.
- Dinistor nrog qhib qhov pib 32 V.
- Kho lub zog yog sivsib txawv resistor.
Tam sim no uas ntws los ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv thiab qhov tsis kam them tus capacitor nrog txhua ib nrab nthwv dej. Thaum lub capacitor accumulates ib tug nqi thiab qhov voltage ntawm nws daim hlau yog 32 V, lub dinistor yuav qhib. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub capacitor yog tawm los ntawm nws thiab cov kev tiv thaiv rau cov tswj input ntawm lub triac. Lub tom kawg qhib tib lub sijhawm kom cov dej ntws mus rau qhov load.
Txhawm rau hloov lub sijhawm ntawm cov pulses, koj yuav tsum xaiv qhov sib txawv ntawm cov resistor thiab qhov pib voltage ntawm dinistor (tab sis qhov no yog tus nqi tas li). Yog li ntawd, koj yuav tsum "ua si" nrog rau qhov tsis sib xws ntawm cov resistor. Nyob rau hauv lub load, lub hwj chim yog ncaj qha proportional rau cov kuj tsis paub meej resistor. Nws tsis yog tsim nyog los siv diodes thiab ib qho kev tiv thaiv ruaj khov, Circuit Court yog tsim los xyuas kom meej qhov tseeb thiab smoothness ntawm lub hwj chim tswj.
Lub cuab yeej ua haujlwm li cas
Cov tam sim no uas ntws los ntawm lub dinistor yog txwv los ntawm ib qho kev ruaj khov. Nws yog nrog nws cov kev pab uas lub mem tes ntev yog kho. Lub fuse tiv thaiv Circuit Court los ntawm luv luv Circuit Court. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias lub dinistor nyob rau hauv txhua ib nrab-yoj qhib rau tib lub kaum sab xis.
Yog li ntawd, tsis muaj kev kho cov dej ntws tam sim no, koj tuaj yeem txuas lub inductive load rau cov zis. Yog li ntawd, ib tug triac hwj chim regulator kuj yuav siv tau rau ib tug transformer. Txhawm rau xaiv triacs, koj yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account tias rau qhov load ntawm 200 W, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog kom qhov tam sim no sib npaug rau 1 A.
Cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no yog siv rau hauv lub tswv yim:
- Dinistor type DB3.
- Triacs hom BT136-600, TS106-10-4 thiab zoo ib yam nrog kev ntsuas tam sim no txog 12 A.
- Germanium semiconductor diodes - 1N4007.
- Electrolytic capacitor rau voltage tshaj 250V, capacitance 0.47uF.
- Variable resistor 100 kOhm, tas li - los ntawm 270 Ohm mus rau 1.6 kOhm (xaiv empirically).
Txoj kev ntawm cov tswj hluav taws xob
Cov tswv yim no yog qhov ntau tshaj plaws, tab sis koj tuaj yeem pom qhov txawv me me ntawm nws. Piv txwv li, qee zaum ib tus choj diode tau muab tso rau ntawm lub dinistor. Hauv qee lub voj voog, cov saw hlau ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm thiab kev ua haujlwm tau pom los cuam tshuam kev cuam tshuam. Muaj ntau cov qauv tsim niaj hnub uas siv lub tswv yim tswj ntawm microcontrollers. Nrog xws li ib tug Circuit Court, koj tau zoo tam sim no thiab voltage tswj nyob rau hauv lub load, tab sis nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau siv.
Npaj ua haujlwm
Yuav kom sib sau ua ke triac fais fab maub los rau lub tshuab hluav taws xob, koj tsuas yog yuav tsum ua raws li ntu no:
- Ua ntej koj yuav tsum txiav txim siab cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub cuab yeej uas yuav txuas nrog tus tswj hwm. Cov yam ntxwv muaj xws li: tus naj npawb ntawm cov theem (xws li 3 lossis 1), qhov xav tau kev kho kom zoo ntawm lub zog, qhov hluav taws xob thiab tam sim no.
- Tam sim no koj yuav tsum xaiv ib hom khoom tshwj xeeb - digital lossis analog. Tom qab ntawd, koj tuaj yeem xaiv cov khoom raws li lub zog thauj khoom. Yeej, rausimulation siv tau tshwj xeeb tsim software.
- Xaiv cov cua sov. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, muab ob qhov tsis sib xws - qhov ntsuas tam sim no (hauv Amperes) thiab qhov hluav taws xob poob thoob plaws triac (hauv Volts). Tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv no tuaj yeem pom ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub caij. Yog li ntawd, koj yuav tau txais lub zog dissipation, qhia nyob rau hauv watts. Raws li tus nqi no, koj yuav tsum xaiv lub heatsink thiab lub txias txias (yog tias tsim nyog).
- muas tag nrho cov khoom tsim nyog lossis npaj lawv yog tias koj muaj.
Tam sim no koj tuaj yeem txuas ncaj qha mus rau lub rooj sib txoos ntawm lub cuab yeej.
Regulator los ua ke
Ua ntej koj sib sau ua ke triac lub zog tswj hwm raws li lub tswv yim, koj yuav tsum ua ntau yam haujlwm:
- Rout cov lem ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm thiab npaj cov chaw uas koj xav kom nruab cov ntsiab lus. Muab qhov chaw rau mounting triac thiab radiator ua ntej.
- Nruab tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm thiab muab lawv ua. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv uas koj tsis muaj lub sij hawm los ua ib tug luam Circuit Court board, nto mounting yog tso cai. Cov xov hlau uas txuas tag nrho cov ntsiab lus yuav tsum luv li sai tau.
- Ua tib zoo saib seb qhov polarity puas pom thaum txuas lub triac thiab diodes. Yog tias tsis muaj qhov cim, nplhaib cov ntsiab lus nrog multimeter.
- Kuaj xyuas lub voj voog uas siv lub ntsuas ntsuas hauv hom tsis kam.
- Kho cov triac ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob, nws raug nquahu kom siv thermal muab tshuaj txhuam kom zoo dua qhov sib cuag.
- Tag nrho lub voj voog tuaj yeem ntsia tau rau hauv cov yascas.
- Teem lub pob qhov rooj sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv mus rau sab laug ntawm txoj haujlwm thiab tig rau lub cuab yeej.
- ntsuas tus nqi hluav taws xob ntawm qhov tso zis ntawm lub cuab yeej. Yog tias koj tig lub pob qhov rooj, qhov voltage yuav tsum maj mam nce.
Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, DIY triac fais fab maub los yog qhov tsim muaj txiaj ntsig uas tuaj yeem siv tau hauv lub neej txhua hnub uas yuav luag tsis muaj kev txwv. Kev kho cov cuab yeej no pheej yig, vim tus nqi qis heev.
