Thaum ua haujlwm nrog cov voj voog nyuaj, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los siv ntau yam txuj ci uas tso cai rau koj ua tiav koj lub hom phiaj nrog kev siv zog me ntsis. Ib tug ntawm lawv yog cov creation ntawm transistor keyboards. Lawv yog dab tsi? Vim li cas lawv yuav tsum tsim? Vim li cas lawv tseem hu ua "cov yuam sij hluav taws xob"? Dab tsi yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov txheej txheem no thiab kuv yuav tsum xyuam xim rau dab tsi?
Dab tsi yog qhov hloov pauv transistor ua los ntawm
Lawv yog tsim los siv cov teebmeem hauv teb los yog bipolar transistors. Cov qub tau muab faib ua MIS thiab cov yuam sij uas muaj kev tswj p-n junction. Ntawm cov bipolar sawv daws yuav, cov uas tsis yog-saturated yog txawv. Tus yuam sij 12 Volt transistor yuav tuaj yeem ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm lub xov tooj cua amateur.
hom kev ua haujlwm zoo li qub
Nws tshuaj xyuas tus kheej thiab pej xeem lub xeev ntawm tus yuam sij. Thawj cov tswv yim muaj cov qib qis voltage, uas qhia tau hais tias lub logic xoom teeb liab. Hauv hom no, ob qho kev hloov pauv yog nyob rau hauv qhov sib txawv (ib qho kev txiav tawm tau txais). Thiab tsuas yog thermal tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau cov khoom siv tam sim no. Nyob rau hauv lub xeev qhib, nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim ntawm tus yuam sij muaj ib tug high voltage theem coj mus rau lub logic unit teeb liab. Nws tuaj yeem ua haujlwm hauv ob homib txhij. Xws li kev ua tau zoo yuav yog nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam saturation lossis thaj tsam linear ntawm cov khoom tsim tawm. Peb yuav nyob ntawm lawv kom ntxaws ntxiv.
Key Saturation
Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, cov transistor junctions yog rau pem hauv ntej biased. Yog li ntawd, yog hais tias lub hauv paus tam sim no hloov, ces tus nqi collector yuav tsis hloov. Hauv silicon transistors, kwv yees li 0.8 V yog xav tau kom tau txais kev tsis ncaj ncees, thaum rau germanium transistors, qhov voltage fluctuates nyob rau hauv 0.2-0.4 V. Qhov tseem ceeb saturation ua tau zoo li cas? Qhov no nce lub hauv paus tam sim no. Tab sis txhua yam muaj nws qhov txwv, zoo li nce saturation. Yog li, thaum muaj qee yam nqi tam sim no, nws nres nce. Thiab vim li cas thiaj li ua tiav qhov tseem ceeb saturation? Muaj ib coefficient tshwj xeeb uas qhia txog lub xeev xwm txheej. Nrog nws nce, lub peev xwm load uas transistor keyboards tau nce, destabilizing yam pib cuam tshuam nrog tsawg zog, tab sis kev ua tau zoo deteriorates. Yog li ntawd, tus nqi ntawm qhov saturation coefficient yog xaiv los ntawm kev sib tham txog kev sib tham, tsom mus rau txoj haujlwm uas yuav tsum tau ua.
Qhov tsis zoo ntawm tus yuam sij unsaturated
Thiab yuav ua li cas yog tias tus nqi zoo tshaj tsis tau mus txog? Tom qab ntawd yuav muaj qhov tsis zoo li no:
- Qhov hluav taws xob ntawm pej xeem tus yuam sij yuav poob thiab poob mus txog 0.5 V.
- Kev tiv thaiv suab nrov yuav tsis zoo. Qhov no yog vim qhov kev tawm dag zog ntau ntxiv uas tau pom hauv cov yuam sij thaum lawv nyob hauv lub xeev qhib. Yog li ntawd, kev cuam tshuam xws li hluav taws xob surges kuj yuav ua rauHloov cov parameters ntawm transistors.
- Saturated tus yuam sij muaj qhov ntsuas kub tseem ceeb.
Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, cov txheej txheem no tseem ua tau zoo dua txhawm rau txhawm rau kom tau txais cov cuab yeej zoo tshaj plaws.
Kev ua haujlwm
Qhov kev ntsuas no nyob ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws uas tso cai tau thaum lub teeb liab hloov pauv tuaj yeem ua tiav. Qhov no, nyob rau hauv lem, nyob ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm lub transient, uas yog txiav txim los ntawm lub inertia ntawm lub transistor, raws li zoo raws li lub zog ntawm parasitic tsis. Txhawm rau ua kom pom qhov nrawm ntawm lub ntsiab lus, lub sijhawm nruab nrab uas tshwm sim thaum lub teeb liab qeeb thaum nws kis mus rau lub transistor hloov feem ntau qhia. Lub voj voog uas qhia nws feem ntau qhia tau qhov nruab nrab cov lus teb zoo li no xwb.
Kev sib tham nrog lwm tus yuam sij
Cov ntsiab lus txuas yog siv rau qhov no. Yog li, yog tias thawj tus yuam sij ntawm qhov tso zis muaj qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob siab, ces qhov thib ob qhib ntawm lub tswv yim thiab ua haujlwm hauv hom teev. Thiab vice versa. Xws li kev sib txuas lus Circuit Court cuam tshuam rau cov txheej txheem hloov pauv uas tshwm sim thaum hloov pauv thiab ceev ntawm cov yuam sij. Qhov no yog li cas lub transistor hloov ua haujlwm. Feem ntau yog cov circuits uas kev sib cuam tshuam tsuas yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm ob lub transistors. Tab sis qhov no tsis txhais tau hais tias qhov no tsis tuaj yeem ua los ntawm ib lub cuab yeej uas peb, plaub lossis ntau lub ntsiab yuav raug siv. Tab sis nyob rau hauv kev xyaum, nws yog ib qhov nyuaj rau nrhiav ib daim ntawv thov rau qhov no,Yog li ntawd, kev khiav hauj lwm ntawm lub transistor hloov ntawm hom no tsis siv.
Yuav xaiv dab tsi
Ua haujlwm nrog dab tsi zoo dua? Cia peb xav txog tias peb muaj qhov hloov pauv hloov pauv yooj yim, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas yog 0.5 V. Tom qab ntawd, siv lub oscilloscope, nws yuav tuaj yeem ntes txhua qhov kev hloov pauv. Yog tias cov khoom siv tam sim no tau teeb tsa rau 0.5mA, qhov hluav taws xob yuav poob los ntawm 40mV (lub hauv paus yuav yog 0.8V). Los ntawm cov qauv ntawm kev ua haujlwm, peb tuaj yeem hais tias qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb, uas ua rau muaj kev txwv rau kev siv hauv ntau lub circuits, piv txwv li, hauv cov teeb liab analog. Yog li ntawd, lawv siv tshwj xeeb teb-zoo transistors, qhov twg muaj ib tug tswj p-n junction. Lawv qhov zoo ntawm lawv cov kwv tij bipolar yog:
- Me me ntawm qhov seem hluav taws xob ntawm tus yuam sij hauv lub xeev ntawm kev xaim.
- High resistance thiab, yog li ntawd, ib qho me me tam sim no uas ntws los ntawm cov khoom kaw.
- Kev siv hluav taws xob tsawg, yog li tsis muaj qhov tseem ceeb tswj qhov xav tau.
- Nws tuaj yeem hloov pauv cov teeb liab hluav taws xob qis uas yog units ntawm microvolts.
Tus yuam sij transistorized relay yog daim ntawv thov zoo tshaj plaws rau daim teb. Tau kawg, cov lus no tau muab tso rau ntawm no nkaus xwb kom cov neeg nyeem muaj lub tswv yim ntawm lawv daim ntawv thov. Kev paub me ntsis thiab kev txawj ntse - thiab qhov ua tau ntawm kev siv uas muaj cov hloov pauv hloov pauv, ntau ntau yuav tau tsim.
piv txwv ua haujlwm
Cia peb saib kom ze,Yuav ua li cas ib qho yooj yim transistor hloov ua haujlwm. Lub teeb liab hloov pauv yog kis los ntawm ib qho kev tawm tswv yim thiab tshem tawm los ntawm lwm qhov tso zis. Txhawm rau xauv tus yuam sij, ib qho hluav taws xob tau siv rau lub rooj vag ntawm lub transistor, uas tshaj qhov muaj nuj nqis ntawm qhov chaw thiab ntws los ntawm tus nqi ntau dua 2-3 V. Tab sis qhov no, kev saib xyuas yuav tsum tsis txhob ua. mus dhau qhov kev tso cai. Thaum tus yuam sij raug kaw, nws qhov tsis kam yog qhov loj - ntau tshaj 10 ohms. Tus nqi no tau txais vim qhov tseeb tias qhov rov qab tsis ncaj ncees tam sim no ntawm p-n junction tseem cuam tshuam. Nyob rau hauv tib lub xeev, lub capacitance ntawm lub switched teeb liab Circuit Court thiab tswj electrode fluctuates nyob rau hauv qhov ntau ntawm 3-30 pF. Tam sim no cia peb qhib lub transistor hloov. Lub voj voog thiab kev xyaum yuav qhia tau tias tom qab ntawd qhov hluav taws xob ntawm cov hluav taws xob tswj hluav taws xob yuav mus zero, thiab nyob ntawm qhov kev ua haujlwm hnyav thiab cov yam ntxwv hloov pauv. Qhov no yog vim tag nrho cov kev sib tshuam ntawm lub rooj vag, ntws thiab qhov chaw ntawm lub transistor. Qhov no tsim qee qhov teeb meem rau kev ua haujlwm cuam tshuam.
Raws li kev daws teeb meem rau qhov teeb meem no, ntau lub voj voog tau tsim kho kom ruaj khov ntawm qhov hluav taws xob uas ntws ntawm cov channel thiab lub rooj vag. Ntxiv mus, vim lub cev muaj zog, txawm tias lub diode tuaj yeem siv rau hauv lub peev xwm no. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, nws yuav tsum tau suav nrog rau pem hauv ntej kev taw qhia ntawm qhov thaiv qhov hluav taws xob. Yog tias tsim nyog qhov xwm txheej tsim nyog, lub diode yuav kaw, thiab p-n junction yuav qhib. Yog li ntawd thaum lub zog hloov pauv hloov, nws tseem qhib, thiab qhov tsis kam ntawm nws cov channel tsis hloov, ntawm qhov chaw thiab cov tswv yim ntawm tus yuam sij, koj tuaj yeem ua tau.tig rau lub siab-resistor. Thiab lub xub ntiag ntawm lub capacitor yuav ua rau kom ceev cov txheej txheem ntawm recharge lub tank.
Transistor xam xam
Kev nkag siab, Kuv muab piv txwv ntawm kev suav, koj tuaj yeem hloov koj cov ntaub ntawv:
1) Collector-emitter - 45 V. Tag nrho lub zog dissipation - 500 mw. Collector-emitter - 0.2 V. Limiting zaus ntawm kev ua haujlwm - 100 MHz. Base-emitter - 0.9 V. Cov khoom tam sim no - 100 mA. Tus lej hloov pauv tam sim no - 200.
2) 60mA resistor: 5-1, 35-0, 2=3, 45.
3) Kev ntsuas qhov ntsuas tsis kam: 3.45\0.06=57.5 ohm.
4) Kom yooj yim, peb muab tus nqi ntawm 62 Ohm: 3, 45 / 62=0, 0556 mA.
5) Peb xav txog lub hauv paus tam sim no: 56 / 200=0.28 mA (0.00028 A).
6) Ntau npaum li cas yuav nyob ntawm lub hauv paus resistor: 5 - 0, 9=4, 1V.
7) Txiav txim siab qhov tsis kam ntawm lub hauv paus resistor: 4, 1 / 0, 00028 \u003d 14, 642, 9 Ohm.
Zoo kawg
Thiab thaum kawg, txog lub npe "cov yuam sij hluav taws xob". Qhov tseeb yog tias lub xeev hloov pauv raws li kev cuam tshuam ntawm tam sim no. Thiab nws sawv cev li cas? Yog lawm, tag nrho ntawm cov nqi hluav taws xob. Qhov no yog qhov thib ob lub npe los ntawm. Yog tag nrho. Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab kev teeb tsa ntawm transistor keyboards tsis yog ib yam nyuaj, yog li kev nkag siab qhov no yog ib txoj haujlwm ua tau. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias txawm tias tus sau tsab xov xwm no yuav tsum tau siv qee cov ntaub ntawv siv los kho nws tus kheej nco. Yog li ntawd, yog tias koj muaj lus nug txog terminology, kuv xav kom rov hais dua qhov muaj cov phau ntawv txhais lus thiab nrhiav ib qho tshiab.cov ntaub ntawv hais txog transistor keyboards muaj.
