Xaiv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm LED yog ib kauj ruam tsim nyog rau txhua txoj haujlwm teeb pom kev zoo, thiab hmoov zoo nws yooj yim ua. Xws li kev ntsuas yog tsim nyog los xam lub zog ntawm LEDs, vim koj yuav tsum paub nws tam sim no thiab voltage. Lub zog ntawm LED yog xam los ntawm kev muab cov tam sim no los ntawm qhov voltage. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, koj yuav tsum tau ceev faj heev thaum ua hauj lwm nrog hluav taws xob circuits, txawm thaum ntsuas me me. Nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm, peb yuav txiav txim siab nyob rau hauv kom meej cov lus nug ntawm yuav ua li cas kom paub qhov voltage nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav xyuas kom meej lub lag luam ntawm lub LED ntsiab.
LED ua haujlwm
LEDs muaj nyob hauv cov xim sib txawv, muaj ob thiab peb xim, flashing thiab hloov xim. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li rau tus neeg siv los ua kom tiav qhov kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub teeb, ntau cov kev daws teeb meem yog siv ncaj qha nyob ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm LED. Txhawm rau teeb lub LED, yuav tsum muaj qhov tsawg kawg nkaus qhov hluav taws xob (qhov pib), thaum lub teeb ci yuav sib npaug rau qhov tam sim no. Voltage rauLED nce me ntsis nrog tam sim no vim tias muaj kev tiv thaiv sab hauv. Thaum cov tam sim no siab dhau lawm, lub diode heats thiab burns tawm. Yog li, qhov tam sim no tsuas yog txwv rau tus nqi nyab xeeb.
Tus resistor tau muab tso rau hauv koob vim tias daim phiaj diode xav tau qhov hluav taws xob ntau dua. Yog tias U thim rov qab, tsis muaj qhov ntws tam sim no, tab sis rau qhov siab U (piv txwv li 20V) ib qho hluav taws xob sab hauv (kev tawg) tshwm sim uas rhuav tshem lub diode.
Raws li tag nrho cov diodes, tam sim no ntws los ntawm anode thiab tawm los ntawm cathode. Ntawm cov diodes puag ncig, lub cathode muaj cov xaim luv dua thiab lub cev muaj lub phaj sab cathode.
Kev nyob ntawm qhov hluav taws xob ntawm hom teeb
Nrog kev loj hlob ntawm high-brightness LEDs tsim los muab cov teeb hloov rau kev lag luam thiab sab hauv tsev teeb pom kev zoo, muaj qhov sib npaug, yog tias tsis yog ntau, kev loj hlob ntawm lub zog daws teeb meem. Nrog ntau pua tus qauv los ntawm ntau lub tuam txhab tsim khoom, nws nyuaj rau nkag siab txhua qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm LED cov tswv yim / tso zis voltages thiab tso zis tam sim no / lub zog qhov tseem ceeb, tsis hais txog qhov ntsuas qhov ntev thiab ntau yam ntxiv rau dimming, tswj chaw taws teeb thiab tiv thaiv Circuit Court.
Muaj ntau yam LEDs sib txawv ntawm lub khw. Lawv qhov sib txawv yog txiav txim los ntawm ntau yam hauv kev tsim cov LEDs. Semiconductor pleev yog ib qho tseem ceeb, tab sis fabrication technology thiab encapsulation kuj ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txiav txim siab LED kev ua tau zoo. Thawj LEDs yog puag ncigRaws li cov qauv C (inch 5 mm) thiab F (inch 3 mm). Tom qab ntawd, cov duab plaub thiab cov blocks uas ua ke nrog ob peb LEDs (networks) tuaj rau hauv kev siv.
Cov duab hemispherical yog me ntsis zoo li lub iav tsom iav uas txiav txim siab cov duab ntawm lub teeb ci. Cov xim ntawm cov khoom emitting txhim kho diffusion thiab sib piv. Feem ntau cov npe thiab daim ntawv ntawm LED:
- A: liab txoj kab uas hla 3 hli hauv lub thawv rau CI.
- B: 5mm liab txoj kab uas siv nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej vaj huam sib luag.
- C: ntshav 5mm.
- D: ob xim daj thiab ntsuab.
- E: rectangular.
- F: daj 3mm.
- G: dawb siab brightness 5mm.
- H: liab 3mm.
- K- anode: cathode, qhia los ntawm lub tiaj tiaj hauv flange.
- F: 4/100mm anode txuas hlau.
- C: Reflective khob.
- L: Cov duab nkhaus uas ua zoo li lub iav tsom.
Device specification
Cov ntsiab lus ntawm ntau yam LED tsis thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yog nyob rau hauv tus neeg muag khoom specifications. Thaum xaiv LEDs rau cov kev siv tshwj xeeb, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab txog lawv qhov sib txawv. Muaj ntau ntau yam LED specifications, txhua yam uas yuav cuam tshuam rau kev xaiv ntawm ib hom. LED specifications yog raws li xim, U, thiab tam sim no. LEDS nyiam muab ib qho xim.
Cov xim tawm los ntawm LED yog txhais raws li nws qhov siab tshaj plaws wavelength (lpk), uas yog lub wavelength uas muaj lub teeb pom kev zoo tshaj plaws. Feem ntau, cov txheej txheem variations muab lub ncov wavelength hloov mus txog ± 10 nm. Thaum xaiv cov xim hauv LED specification, nws tsim nyog nco ntsoov tias tib neeg lub qhov muag yog rhiab heev rau hues lossis xim txawv nyob ib ncig ntawm thaj tsam daj / txiv kab ntxwv ntawm spectrum - los ntawm 560 txog 600 nm. Qhov no yuav cuam tshuam rau kev xaiv xim lossis txoj haujlwm ntawm LEDs, uas yog ncaj qha ntsig txog cov hluav taws xob tsis zoo.
LED tam sim no thiab voltage
Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, LEDs tau muab tso rau U, uas nyob ntawm cov khoom siv. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm LEDs hauv lub teeb kuj nyob ntawm theem tam sim no. LEDs yog tam sim no tswj cov cuab yeej thiab lub teeb theem yog qhov ua haujlwm ntawm qhov tam sim no, ua rau nws nce lub teeb tawm. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los xyuas kom meej tias qhov kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov cuab yeej yog xws li qhov siab tshaj plaws tam sim no tsis pub dhau qhov kev tso cai, uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj cua sov ntau dhau ntawm lub nti nws tus kheej, txo cov luminous flux thiab ua rau lub neej ua haujlwm luv. Feem ntau cov LEDs xav tau ib qho kev txwv sab nraud tam sim no.
Qee LEDs yuav suav nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, yog li yuav tsum muaj qhov hluav taws xob dab tsi los muab cov LEDs. LEDs tsis pub loj inverse U. Nws yuav tsum tsis txhob tshaj nws cov nqi siab tshaj plaws, uas feem ntau yog me me. Yog tias muaj qhov rov qab U ntawm LED, nws yog qhov zoo dua los tsim kev tiv thaiv rau hauv Circuit Court kom tsis txhob muaj kev puas tsuaj. Cov no feem ntau tuaj yeem yog qhov yooj yim diode circuits uas yuav muab kev tiv thaiv txaus rau ib qho LED. Koj tsis tas yuav yog tus kws tshaj lij kom tau txais nws.
Fais fab rau LEDs
Teeb pom kev zoo LEDs yog tam sim no-powered, thiab lawv cov luminous flux yog proportional rau cov tam sim no ntws los ntawm lawv. Qhov tam sim no muaj feem xyuam rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm LEDs hauv lub teeb. Ob peb lub diodes txuas nrog hauv series muaj qhov sib npaug tam sim no ntws los ntawm lawv. Yog tias lawv txuas nrog rau qhov sib npaug, txhua lub LED tau txais tib yam U, tab sis qhov sib txawv tam sim no ntws los ntawm lawv vim muaj qhov cuam tshuam rau qhov tam sim no-voltage yam ntxwv. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, txhua lub diode emits lub teeb sib txawv.
Yog li ntawd, thaum xaiv cov khoom, koj yuav tsum paub tias qhov voltage ntawm LEDs muaj dab tsi. Txhua tus yuav tsum muaj kwv yees li 3 volts ntawm nws cov terminals los ua haujlwm. Piv txwv li, 5-diode series yuav tsum muaj kwv yees li 15 volts thoob plaws lub davhlau ya nyob twg. Txhawm rau muab cov kev tswj hwm tam sim no nrog U txaus, LEC siv lub tshuab hluav taws xob hu ua tus tsav tsheb.
Muaj ob txoj hauv kev:
- Tus neeg tsav tsheb sab nraud ntsia sab nraum lub luminaire, nrog kev nyab xeeb ntxiv-tsawg voltage fais fab mov.
- Internal, ua rau hauv lub teeb nyem, piv txwv li sub-unit nrog lub tshuab hluav taws xob uas tswj xyuas qhov tam sim no.
Tus tsav tsheb no tuaj yeem siv tau los ntawm 230V (Class I lossis Class II) lossis Kev Nyab Xeeb Ntxiv Tsawg U (Class III), xws li 24V..
Qhov zoo ntawm LED qhov hluav taws xob xaiv
Kev suav kom raug ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm LEDs hauv lub teeb muaj 5 qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb:
- Safe ultra-low U, tejzaum nws tsis hais txogtus naj npawb ntawm LEDs. Cov LEDs yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv series los lav tib theem ntawm tam sim no nyob rau hauv txhua tus ntawm lawv los ntawm tib qhov chaw. Yog li ntawd, qhov ntau LEDs, qhov siab dua qhov voltage ntawm LED terminals. Yog tias nws yog ib qho khoom siv tsav tsheb sab nraud, ces qhov kev nyab xeeb tsis txaus ntseeg yuav tsum siab dua.
- Kev sib koom ua ke ntawm tus neeg tsav tsheb hauv lub teeb tso cai rau kev teeb tsa ua tiav nrog kev nyab xeeb ntxiv qis qis (SELV), tsis hais tus naj npawb ntawm lub teeb.
- Ntau txhim khu kev qha nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem xaim rau LED teeb txuas nrog tib lub sijhawm. Cov neeg tsav tsheb muab kev tiv thaiv ntxiv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tiv thaiv qhov kub thiab txias, uas lav lub neej kev pab cuam ntev dua thaum saib xyuas cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm LEDs rau ntau hom thiab tam sim no. Safer commissioning.
- Kev sib koom ua ke ntawm LED lub zog rau hauv tus neeg tsav tsheb zam kev ua yuam kev hauv thaj teb thiab txhim kho lawv lub peev xwm los tiv thaiv kub ntsaws. Yog tias tus neeg siv tsuas txuas lub teeb LED mus rau tus tsav tsheb sab nraud uas twb muaj lawm, nws yuav ua rau cov LEDs dhau qhov hluav taws xob thaum lawv txuas thiab yog li ua kom puas tsuaj.
- kho kom yooj yim. Txhua yam teeb meem kev tshaj lij pom tau yooj yim dua hauv LED teeb nrog lub zog hluav taws xob.
Power and heat dissipation
Thaum U poob hla qhov kev tawm tsam yog qhov tseem ceeb, koj yuav tsum xaiv tus resistor txoj cai uas muaj peev xwm dissipating lub zog xav tau. Kev noj haus20 mA tej zaum yuav zoo li tsawg, tab sis lub zog suav hais tias yog lwm yam. Yog li, piv txwv li, rau qhov poob qis ntawm 30 V, tus resistor yuav tsum dissipate 1400 ohms. Fais fab dissipation xam P=(Ures x Ures) / R, qhov twg:
- P - tus nqi ntawm lub zog dissipated los ntawm resistor, uas txwv qhov tam sim no hauv LED, W;
- U - voltage hla tus resistor (hauv volts);
- R - tus nqi resistor, Ohm.
P=(28 x 28) / 1400=0.56 W.
A 1W LED fais fab mov yuav tsis tiv taus cua sov rau lub sijhawm ntev, thiab 2W kuj yuav poob sai heev. Rau cov ntaub ntawv no, ob 2700Ω / 0.5W resistors (los yog ob 690Ω / 0.5W resistors nyob rau hauv series) yuav tsum tau txuas nyob rau hauv parallel kom tusyees faib kub dissipation.
Kev tswj cua sov
Nrhiav qhov zoo tshaj plaws wattage rau koj lub cev yuav pab koj kawm paub ntau ntxiv txog kev tswj cov cua sov uas xav tau rau kev ua haujlwm LED txhim khu kev qha, vim tias LEDs tsim cov cua sov uas tuaj yeem ua rau lub cuab yeej puas. Cov cua kub ntau dhau yuav ua rau cov LEDs tsim lub teeb tsawg thiab tseem ua rau lub neej luv. Rau 1 watt LED, nws raug nquahu kom nrhiav 3 square inch heatsink rau txhua watt ntawm LED.
Tam sim no, kev lag luam LED tau loj hlob ntawm qhov nrawm nrawm thiab nws tseem ceeb kom paub qhov txawv ntawm LEDs. Qhov no yog cov lus nug dav dav vim tias cov khoom lag luam tuaj yeem nyob ntawm pheej yig heev mus rau kim. Koj yuav tsum tau ceev faj thaum yuav cov LEDs pheej yig, vim lawv tuaj yeem ua haujlwm.zoo heev, tab sis, raws li txoj cai, tsis ua haujlwm ntev thiab hlawv sai vim qhov tsis zoo. Hauv kev tsim cov LEDs, cov chaw tsim khoom qhia hauv phau ntawv hla tebchaws cov yam ntxwv nrog cov txiaj ntsig nruab nrab. Vim li no, cov neeg yuav khoom tsis tas yuav paub cov yam ntxwv ntawm LEDs nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm lumen tso zis, xim thiab rau pem hauv ntej voltage.
Kev txiav txim siab xa mus rau qhov hluav taws xob
Ua ntej koj paub cov khoom siv hluav taws xob LED, teeb tsa qhov tsim nyog multimeter teeb tsa: tam sim no thiab U. Ua ntej kev sim, teeb tsa qhov tsis kam mus rau qhov siab tshaj plaws kom tsis txhob muaj teeb meem LED burnout. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua tau yooj yim: clamp lub multimeter coj, kho qhov kev tiv thaiv kom txog thaum tam sim no ncav cuag 20 mA thiab kho qhov voltage thiab tam sim no. Txhawm rau ntsuas qhov hluav taws xob tom ntej ntawm LEDs koj yuav xav tau:
- LEDs los kuaj.
- Qhov chaw U LED nrog cov ntsuas siab dua li qhov hluav taws xob tas li LED.
- Multimeter.
- Alligator clamps los tuav lub LED ntawm qhov kev sim ua rau txiav txim siab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm LEDs hauv cov khoom siv.
- Wires.
- 500 lossis 1000 ohm hloov pauv hloov pauv.
Lub xiav LED lub ntsiab tam sim no yog 3.356V ntawm 19.5mA. Yog tias siv qhov hluav taws xob ntawm 3.6V, tus nqi ntawm cov resistor siv yog xam los ntawm cov qauv R=(3.6V-3.356V) / 0.0195A)=12.5 ohms. Txhawm rau ntsuas lub zog LEDs siab, ua raws li cov txheej txheem tib yam thiab teeb tsa tam sim no los ntawm ceev ceev tuav tus nqi ntawm multimeter.
ntsuas qhov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm smd LEDs siab> 350 mA direct tam sim no lub hwj chim yuav ua tau me ntsis tricky vim hais tias thaum lawv kub sai sai, U poob drastic. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias qhov tam sim no yuav siab dua rau qhov muab U. Yog tias tus neeg siv tsis muaj sijhawm, nws yuav tsum tau txias lub LED mus rau chav tsev kub ua ntej ntsuas dua. Koj tuaj yeem siv 500 ohm lossis 1k ohm. Txhawm rau ua kom muaj kev ntxhib los mos thiab kho kom zoo, lossis txuas rau qhov siab dua thiab qis dua qhov sib txawv ntawm cov resistor hauv series.
Kev txhais ntawm qhov voltage
Thawj kauj ruam los xam lub zog noj ntawm LEDs yog txiav txim siab qhov voltage ntawm LED. Yog tias tsis muaj multimeter ntawm tes, koj tuaj yeem kawm cov chaw tsim khoom cov ntaub ntawv thiab nrhiav cov ntawv hla tebchaws U ntawm LED thaiv. Xwb, koj tuaj yeem kwv yees U raws li cov xim ntawm LEDs, piv txwv li, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm LED dawb yog 3.5V.
Tom qab ntsuas qhov hluav taws xob LED, qhov tam sim no txiav txim siab. Nws tuaj yeem ntsuas ncaj qha nrog multimeter. Cov neeg tsim khoom cov ntaub ntawv muab qhov kev kwv yees ntxhib ntawm qhov tam sim no. Tom qab ntawd, koj tuaj yeem suav tau sai thiab yooj yim xam lub zog siv ntawm LEDs. Txhawm rau xam lub zog siv ntawm LED, tsuas yog muab U ntawm LED (hauv volts) los ntawm LED tam sim no (hauv amps).
Qhov tshwm sim, ntsuas hauv watts, yog lub zog uas LEDs siv. Piv txwv li, yog tias LED muaj U ntawm 3.6 thiab tam sim no ntawm 20 milliamps, nws yuav siv 72 milliwatts ntawm lub zog. Nyob ntawm qhov loj thiab qhov ntsuas ntawm qhov project, qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob thiab qhov ntsuas tam sim no tuaj yeem ntsuas hauv cov chav me me lossis loj dua li lub hauv paus tam sim no lossis watts. Unit hloov tej zaum yuav xav tau. Thaum ua cov kev suav no, nco ntsoov tias 1000 milliwatts sib npaug ib watt, thiab 1000 milliamps sib npaug ib ampere.
LED kuaj nrog multimeter
Kom kuaj lub LED thiab paub seb nws puas ua haujlwm thiab xaiv xim dab tsi - siv multimeter. Nws yuav tsum muaj qhov ntsuas diode, uas yog qhia los ntawm lub cim diode. Tom qab ntawd, rau kev sim, kho cov ntsuas cords ntawm multimeter ntawm ob txhais ceg ntawm LED:
- Txuas txoj hlua dub ntawm lub cathode (-) thiab qaum liab ntawm lub anode (+), yog tias tus neeg siv ua yuam kev, LED tsis teeb.
- Lawv muab me me tam sim no rau cov sensors thiab yog tias koj tuaj yeem pom tias LED ci ntsa iab me ntsis, ces nws ua haujlwm.
- Thaum kuaj xyuas lub multimeter, koj yuav tsum xav txog cov xim ntawm LED. Piv txwv li, daj (amber) LED kuaj - LED qhov pib voltage yog 1636mV lossis 1.636V. Yog tias kuaj dawb LED lossis xiav LED, qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob siab tshaj 2.5V lossis 3V.
Txhawm rau kuaj lub diode, qhov taw qhia ntawm cov zaub yuav tsum nyob nruab nrab ntawm 400 thiab 800 mV nyob rau hauv ib qho kev taw qhia thiab tsis qhia nyob rau hauv qhov opposite direction. Ib txwm LEDs muaj qhov pib U raws li tau piav qhia hauv cov lus hauv qab no, tab sis rau tib xim tuaj yeem muaj qhov sib txawv loj. Qhov siab tshaj plaws tam sim no yog 50 mA, tab sis nws raug pom zoo kom tsis pub tshaj 20 mA. Ntawm 1-2 mA, cov diodes twb ci zoo. Qhov teeb meem LED U
| LED hom | V mus txog 2 mA | V txog 20 mA |
| Infrared | 1,05 | 1.2 |
| Red LED mov voltage | 1,8 | 2,0 |
| Yellow | 1,9 | 2, 1 |
| Green | 1,8 | 2,4 |
| White | 2,7 | 3, 2 |
| Blue | 2,8 | 3,5 |
Thaum lub roj teeb tau them tag nrho, qhov tam sim no tsuas yog 0.7mA ntawm 3.8V. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, LEDs tau ua tiav tseem ceeb. Muaj ntau pua tus qauv, nrog txoj kab uas hla ntawm 3 hli thiab 5 hli. Muaj cov diodes muaj zog dua nrog txoj kab uas hla ntawm 10 hli los yog tshwj xeeb, nrog rau cov diodes rau mounting rau ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm luam tawm mus txog 1 hli ntev.
Pib LEDs los ntawm AC fais fab
LEDs feem ntau suav tias yog DC cov khoom siv, ua haujlwm ntawm ob peb volts ntawm DC. Hauv cov ntawv thov hluav taws xob qis nrog ob peb LEDs qhov no yog ib txoj hauv kev zoo kawg nkaus, xws li cov xov tooj ntawm tes siv los ntawm DC roj teeb, tab sis lwm yam kev siv xws li kab teeb pom kev zoo txuas ntxiv 100m nyob ib puag ncig lub tsev tsis tuaj yeem ua haujlwm nrog qhov kev npaj no.
Lub DC tsav raug kev puas tsuaj los ntawm kev ncua deb, yuav tsum tau tsav siab dua U los ntawm qhov pib, thiabntxiv regulators uas poob hwj chim. AC ua kom yooj yim dua rau kev siv cov hloov pauv mus rau theem U mus rau 240 V AC lossis 120 V AC los ntawm kilovolts siv hauv cov kab hluav taws xob, uas yog teeb meem ntau dua rau DC. Pib txhua hom LED nrog lub zog hluav taws xob (piv txwv li 120V AC) yuav tsum muaj hluav taws xob nruab nrab ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv lawv tus kheej los muab qhov U (piv txwv li 12V DC). Lub peev xwm tsav ntau lub LEDs yog qhov tseem ceeb.
Lynk Labs tau tsim cov thev naus laus zis uas tso cai rau koj kom lub zog ntawm LED los ntawm AC voltage. Txoj hauv kev tshiab yog los tsim AC LEDs uas tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ncaj qha los ntawm AC lub zog hluav taws xob. Ntau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob standalone tsuas yog muaj qhov hloov pauv nruab nrab ntawm lub qhov hluav taws xob ntawm phab ntsa thiab cov khoom siv los muab qhov xav tau tas li U.
Ntau lub tuam txhab tau tsim cov teeb pom kev zoo LED uas ntsia hlau ncaj qha rau hauv cov qauv siv, tab sis lawv kuj tseem muaj cov kab hluav taws xob me me uas hloov AC rau DC ua ntej muab rau cov LEDs.
Tus qauv liab lossis txiv kab ntxwv LED muaj qhov pib U ntawm 1.6 txog 2.1 V, rau daj lossis ntsuab LEDs qhov hluav taws xob yog los ntawm 2.0 txog 2.4 V, thiab rau xiav, liab lossis dawb, qhov voltage no yog kwv yees li 3.0 txog 3.6 V. Cov lus hauv qab no teev qee qhov voltages. Cov nqi hauv cov khoom sib txuas mus rau qhov ze tshaj plaws normalizedCov nqi hauv series E24.
Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob tshwj xeeb rau LEDs tau pom hauv cov lus hauv qab no.
Symbols:
- STD - tus qauv LED;
- HL - siab ci LED;
- FC - tsawg noj.
Cov ntaub ntawv no txaus rau cov neeg siv los txiav txim siab txog qhov tsim nyog cov cuab yeej siv rau qhov project teeb pom kev zoo.
