Hauv hom kev siv hluav taws xob ib txwm muaj, lub zog yog muab los ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob thiab xa mus rau qhov kev siv. Thaum nws lub hauv paus tseem ceeb tsis ua haujlwm, lub zog los ntawm lub ntsiab lus thib ob lossis lub tshuab hluav taws xob thaub qab siv yuav tsum tau muab manually lossis cia li nkag mus rau cov khoom thauj, uas ATS (tsis siv neeg hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom cia) ua haujlwm. Nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog txhawm rau faib lub zog los ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob mus rau qhov chaw hluav taws xob thaub qab.
III qeb ntawm lub zog muab kev ntseeg siab
Raws li koj paub, cov tuam txhab muab hluav taws xob faib tag nrho lawv cov neeg siv khoom, piv txwv li cov neeg (raws li txoj cai thiab ntuj), uas lawv tau nkag mus rau hauv cov ntawv cog lus rau kev muab hluav taws xob, ua peb pawg raws li qib kev ntseeg tau ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.. Qeb 3 muaj kev ntseeg siab tshaj plaws. Xws li cov neeg siv khoom ntawm kev lag luam hluav taws xob yog muab nrog tsuas yog ib qho hluav taws xob peb theem ntawm 6 lossis 10 kV (qee zaum 400 V) lossis ib theem tawm tswv yim ntawm 230 V los ntawm ib qho khoom siv.substations, tab sis tus nqi ntawm kev sib txuas loads rau lub network nyob rau hauv pawg no yog tsawg - nws yog txaus rau nruab ib tug yooj yim-transformer pob transformer substation thiab txuas mus rau lub ze tshaj lub hwj chim kis kab mob.
Kuv puas xav tau txoj haujlwm ATS rau Qib III?
PUE tso cai rau qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob raws li cov tswv yim zoo li no, yog tias cov kws tsim hluav taws xob tau lees tias lub zog rov qab los tom qab muaj xwm txheej tsis pub dhau ib hnub. Yuav ua li cas yog tias tsis yog? Tom qab ntawd koj xav tau lub hwj chim thaub qab, uas feem ntau yog lub tshuab hluav taws xob roj lossis lub tshuab hluav taws xob diesel. Hauv cov hnub qub, cov neeg siv khoom txuas nrog lawv cov khoom thauj mus rau lawv thiab pib lawv. Tab sis raws li automation ntawm cov khoom lag luam tsim, nws tau dhau los ua lawv yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam tib neeg.
Thiab txij li nws muaj peev xwm pib lub tshuab hluav taws xob diesel tau txais, ces tib txoj kev nws tuaj yeem txuas cov neeg siv khoom thauj mus rau nws. Qhov no yog li cas lub tswv yim niaj hnub ntawm ob lub tswv yim ATS tau tshwm sim, cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob uas tau muab rau hauv qab no, twb dhau los ua tus qauv siv hluav taws xob rau lub tsev ntiag tug.
Qeb II: Nws puas xav tau ATS
Yog tias tus neeg siv khoom xaj ob lub zog hluav taws xob nkag, ces nws mus rau qeb tom ntej - thib ob. Hauv qhov no, cov kws tsim hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, raws li txoj cai, xav kom cov neeg siv khoom them nyiaj rau kev tsim kho ntawm ob-transformer substation. Nyob rau hauv qhov yooj yim version, nws muaj ob seem ntawm busbars (cov no tsuas yog txhuas los yog, qhov zoo tshaj plaws, tooj liab strips) ntawm high voltage nrog lawv cov input keyboards, txhua yam yog txuas nrog tsuas yog ib tug ntawm lawv.high voltage inputs (6 lossis 10 kV). Nruab nrab ntawm cov seem yog qhov hu ua seem hloov. Yog tias nws qhib, ces txhua qhov hluav taws xob tawm hluav taws xob tuaj yeem pub tsuas yog ib qho kev hloov pauv (raws li txoj cai, tsuas yog ib qho ntawm ob yog nyob rau hauv kev ua haujlwm, qhov thib ob yog nyob rau hauv cia - thiab qhov no kuj yog ib qho kev xav tau ntawm cov kws tsim hluav taws xob). Nyob rau hauv qhov kev tshwm sim ntawm lub hwj chim tsis ua hauj lwm ntawm ib qho ntawm cov inputs, tus neeg siv lub tshuab hluav taws xob tau manually tig ntawm lub seem hloov thiab thauj cov transformer tas li ua hauj lwm los ntawm lwm high-voltage input.
Cov neeg siv khoom no tsis xav tau ATS. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv kaum xyoo dhau los, cov kws tsim hluav taws xob muaj peev xwm feem ntau tau muab rau lawv los nruab rau hauv ob-transformer substations nyob rau sab qis voltage. Xws li cov ntaub thaiv npog ATS muaj ob lub tswv yim los ntawm qhov tsis tshua muaj hluav taws xob sib txawv ntawm cov hloov pauv sib txawv (ob leeg yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj zog, tab sis tsuas yog ib qho ntawm lawv tau thauj khoom txhua lub sijhawm) thiab ib qho tawm mus rau cov tsheb npav tsis tshua muaj hluav taws xob, uas tag nrho cov khoom sib txuas.
I-th qeb - ATS yog yuav tsum tau
Tab sis yog tias tus neeg siv khoom, hauv txoj cai, tsis txaus siab rau lub sijhawm ncua sijhawm rau kev hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom siv, ces nws raug yuam kom siv ATS yam tsis tau poob thiab txav mus rau qib tom ntej ntawm kev ntseeg siab - thawj. Hauv qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws, daim duab kos duab ATS tuaj yeem muaj ob qhov kev nkag los ntawm tib ob ntu ntawm cov chaw nres tsheb loj-voltage tsheb npav thiab ib qho thaiv rau kev hloov ntawm cov seem hloov (feem ntau yog lub tshuab nqus tsev). Yog tias qhov hluav taws xob ploj mus ntawm cov khoom siv nkag, ces lub automation tua nws cov tswv yim hloov thiabsuav nrog ntu. Tom qab ntawd, qhov hluav taws xob yog nkag mus rau cov tsheb npav sib xyaw ua ke los ntawm cov khoom siv thib ob. ATS rau ob lub tswv yim nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua rau ntawm qhov tsis tshua muaj hluav taws xob sab ntawm lub substation, raws li tau piav qhia saum toj no.
Tab sis ntawm cov neeg siv khoom ntawm qeb 1, PUE singles tawm lub npe hu ua pab pawg tshwj xeeb, uas suav nrog ob lub zog hluav taws xob tsis txaus, tab sis yuav tsum muaj qhov thib peb cov tswv yim thaub qab, feem ntau ua los ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob diesel. Hauv qhov no, yuav tsum muaj ATS rau 3 inputs. Nws Circuit Court yog ua nyob rau hauv qis voltage.
How Generator Input ATS ua haujlwm
Tsis ntev los no, ntau yam tsis siv neeg rov ua dua tshiab nrog lub microprocessor maub los tau tshwm sim hauv khw. Nyob rau hauv no hais txog, tswj relay-controllers ntawm Yooj Yim series tsim los ntawm Moeller yog nrov heev. Los ntawm kev txheeb xyuas cov teeb liab los ntawm qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob, lub microcontroller pom lub zog tsis ua haujlwm thiab pib cov txheej txheem pib lub tshuab hluav taws xob (feem ntau synchronous). Thaum nws ncav cuag qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob thiab zaus, qhov kev tswj hwm hloov pauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob los ntawm nws. Los ntawm qhov pom ntawm hluav taws xob engineering, kev sib txuas ntawm ATS rau qhov tseem ceeb thiab muaj zog loads yog ib txoj haujlwm nyuaj, vim tias lub sijhawm ncua sij hawm thiab lwm yam teeb meem ua rau nws nyuaj kom tau txais lub zog thaub qab tam sim.
Control zaus thiab voltage
Ib qho ntawm lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm ATS ntaus ntawv yog txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov poob qis lossis tag nrhopoob ntawm lub ntsiab lub zog. Raws li txoj cai, tag nrho cov theem ntawm cov khoom siv network raug saib xyuas sab nraud los ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob qis qis (theem saib xyuas relay). Lub ntsiab lus ntawm qhov tsis ua hauj lwm yog txiav txim siab los ntawm qhov voltage poob hauv qab qhov tsawg kawg nkaus tso cai rau ib qho ntawm cov theem. Cov ntaub ntawv hais txog qhov hluav taws xob thiab zaus raug xa mus rau ATS daim thaiv, qhov uas nws txiav txim siab seb nws puas tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv lub zog ntawm cov khoom thauj. Qhov tso cai tsawg kawg nkaus voltage thiab zaus yuav tsum tau kov yeej ua ntej hloov cov khoom thauj mus rau lub zog los ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob standby, lub zog uas yuav tsum tau muab.
Lub sijhawm ncua sijhawm
ATS Circuit Court feem ntau muaj peev xwm los kho lub sijhawm ncua ntawm nws txoj haujlwm. Qhov no yog lub luag haujlwm tsim nyog kom muaj peev xwm txwv tsis pub muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis raug cai los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tseem ceeb thaum muaj kev cuam tshuam luv luv. Lub sij hawm ncua sij hawm tshaj plaws overrides ib qho kev tawm tsam tam sim no kom tsis txhob ua rau tsis tsim nyog pib ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob tsav lub cev muaj zog thiab thauj khoom hloov mus rau lawv. Qhov ncua sij hawm no yog los ntawm 0 mus rau 6 vib nas this, nrog rau ib thib ob yog qhov feem ntau. Nws yuav tsum luv, tab sis txaus los txuas cov neeg siv khoom thauj khoom rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob standby. Ntau lub tuam txhab tam sim no tab tom yuav cov khoom siv hluav taws xob muaj zog, roj teeb uas tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam uas muab cov kev sib txuas qis tshaj plaws latency.
ncua sijhawm ntxiv
Tom qab kho lub zog tseem ceeb, qee qhov ib ntusqhov ncua sij hawm yog tsim nyog los xyuas kom meej tias lub load yog ruaj khov txaus kom tsis txhob cuam tshuam los ntawm lub zog standby. Raws li txoj cai, nws yog los ntawm xoom mus rau peb caug feeb. ATS rau lub tshuab hluav taws xob yuav tsum cia li hla lub sijhawm ncua sijhawm rov qab mus rau qhov chaw tseem ceeb yog tias qhov thaub qab tsis ua haujlwm thiab lub ntsiab tseem ua haujlwm zoo dua.
Lub sijhawm thib peb feem ntau ncua sijhawm cuam tshuam nrog lub cav txias lub sijhawm. Thaum lub sij hawm no, lub tshuab hluav taws xob diesel tswj qhov system tswj lub tshuab tsis siv neeg kom txog thaum nws nres.
Feem ntau, feem ntau nws yog ntshaw kom hloov cov loads mus rau lub tshuab hluav taws xob standby ib zaug qhov tsim nyog voltage thiab zaus theem tau mus txog. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv qee qhov xwm txheej, cov neeg siv kawg xav tau ib ntu ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom sib txawv rau lub tshuab hluav taws xob standby. Thaum xav tau, ntau ATS circuits rau lub tshuab hluav taws xob raug tua nrog tus kheej lub sijhawm qeeb kom cov khoom thauj tuaj yeem txuas nrog lub tshuab hluav taws xob hauv txhua qhov kev xav tau.
Kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tswv yim khaws cia
Qhov kawg tshwm sim ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov chav kawm suav nrog yog kev hloov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, lawv hloov ntawm lub ntsiab lus nkag mus rau qhov thaub qab. Raws li tau sau tseg saum toj no, hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, ATS Circuit Court tuaj yeem siv tau ob qho tib si ntawm qhov siab thiab qis voltage sab. Hauv thawj kis, nws cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog cov qauv high-voltage circuit breakers. Hauv qhov thib ob, uas suav nrog kev hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom thauj mus rau lub tshuab hluav taws xob tawm tswv yim, kev hloov pauv yog ua los ntawm cov hluav taws xob tsawg.khoom siv.
Lawv tuaj yeem yog ib feem ntawm ATS cov ntaub thaiv npog (vaj huam sib luag) cov cuab yeej, lossis lawv tuaj yeem yog sab nraud rau nws thiab yog ib feem ntawm tag nrho cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Nyob rau hauv thawj rooj plaub, nws muaj peev xwm siv magnetic starters - nws yog siv nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv thaub qab rau cov neeg siv khoom uas tsis yog kev lag luam nrog lawv lub zog thauj mus txog rau ntau kaum ntawm kW. Ntawm lub zog siab dua, AVR yog siv rau ntawm cov contactors. Daim duab kos duab ntawm lub cuab yeej yog tib yam hauv ob qho tib si.
Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sab nraud ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob cia yog lub zog hluav taws xob hluav taws xob nrog cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm ATS ntaus ntawv nws tus kheej hauv qhov no yog txo qis rau kev tsim thiab muab cov cim tsim nyog rau / tawm rau lawv.
Tshwj xeeb ATS thaiv rau 3 lub tswv yim. Scheme thiab algorithm ntawm kev ua haujlwm
Nws yog tsim los siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tas li ntawm cov khoom thauj nrog qhov hluav taws xob ntawm 0.4 kV los ntawm peb lub zog hluav taws xob: ob theem peb-theem network inputs thiab peb-theem input ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob diesel. Cov khoom siv tswj hwm yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis tu ncua Q1, Q2 thiab Q3 ntawm txhua qhov khoom siv, tiv thaiv kev thauj khoom ntawm 1 qib ntawm kev ntseeg tau ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.
Lub thaiv kev ua haujlwm algorithm yog raws li hauv qab no:
1. Muaj voltage ntawm lub ntsiab input. Tom qab ntawd Q1 tau qhib thiab Q2 thiab Q3 yog neeg xiam.
2. Tsis muaj qhov hluav taws xob ntawm lub ntsiab lus nkag, tab sis nws yog nyob rau ntawm cov khoom tso tseg. Tom qab ntawd Q2 tau qhib thiab Q1 thiab Q3 raug kaw.
3. Nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab thiab backup inputstsis muaj zog. Tom qab ntawd Q3 tau qhib thiab Q1 thiab Q2 yog neeg xiam.
