Kab lus no suav nrog cov kev siv email feem ntau hauv Is Taws Nem - POP3, IMAP thiab SMTP. Txhua tus ntawm lawv muaj cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb thiab kev ua haujlwm. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm tsab xov xwm piav qhia qhov kev teeb tsa twg yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb ntawm tus neeg siv thaum siv tus neeg siv e-mail. Nws kuj tseem nthuav tawm cov lus teb rau cov lus nug ntawm cov txheej txheem twg txhawb nqa e-mail e-mail.
POP3 yog dab tsi?
Post Office Protocol Version 3 (POP3) yog tus qauv xa ntawv raws tu qauv siv los txais email los ntawm cov chaw taws teeb tswj mus rau tus neeg xa ntawv hauv zos. Tso cai rau koj rub tawm cov lus rau koj lub computer hauv zos thiab nyeem lawv txawm tias tus neeg siv offline. Thov nco ntsoov tias thaum siv POP3 raws tu qauv los txuas rau koj tus account, cov lus raug rub tawm hauv zos thiab tshem tawm ntawm email server.
Los ntawm lub neej ntawd, POP3 raws tu qauv ua haujlwm rauob qhov chaw nres nkoj:
- chaw nres nkoj 110 yog qhov chaw nres nkoj POP3 tsis tau nkag;
- chaw nres nkoj 995 - qhov no yuav tsum tau siv yog tias koj xav kom ruaj ntseg txuas rau POP3.
IMAP yog dab tsi?
Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP) yog ib qho email retrieval raws tu qauv siv los nkag rau nws ntawm lub vev xaib chaw taws teeb los ntawm ib tus neeg siv hauv zos. IMAP thiab POP3 yog ob txoj kev siv ntau tshaj plaws rau kev txais email thiab tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm txhua tus neeg siv email niaj hnub thiab web servers.
POP3 raws tu qauv xav tias koj tus email chaw nyob tsuas yog siv tau los ntawm ib daim ntawv thov, thaum IMAP tso cai rau koj nkag los ntawm ntau tus neeg siv khoom tib lub sijhawm. Yog vim li cas IMAP yog qhov zoo tshaj yog tias koj yuav nkag mus rau koj tus email los ntawm ntau qhov chaw, lossis yog tias koj cov lus raug tswj hwm los ntawm ntau tus neeg siv.
IMAP raws tu qauv ua haujlwm ntawm ob lub chaw nres nkoj:
- chaw nres nkoj 143 yog qhov chaw nres nkoj IMAP uas tsis tau nkag mus;
- chaw nres nkoj 993 - yuav tsum tau siv yog tias koj xav kom ruaj ntseg txuas siv IMAP.
SMTP yog dab tsi?
Txoj Kev Hloov Xa Ntawv Yooj Yim (SMTP) yog tus txheej txheem kev xa email hauv Is Taws Nem.
SMTP ua haujlwm ntawm peb lub chaw nres nkoj:
- chaw nres nkoj 25 yog qhov chaw nres nkoj SMTP uas tsis tau nkag mus;
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port 2525 - nws qhib rau txhua qhov SiteGround servers yog chaw nres nkoj 25yog lim (piv txwv li, los ntawm koj tus ISP) thiab koj xav xa email tsis tau encrypted siv SMTP;
- chaw nres nkoj 465 - qhov no yog siv yog tias koj xav xa cov lus ruaj ntseg siv SMTP.
Cov kev cai dab tsi siv rau kev sib pauv e-mail? Tswv yim thiab nqe lus
Lo lus "email server" yog hais txog ob lub servers xav tau xa thiab txais email, piv txwv li SMTP thiab POP.
Tus xa ntawv xa tuaj yog tus neeg rau zaub mov cuam tshuam nrog koj tus email chaw nyob. Nws tsis tuaj yeem muaj ntau dua ib tus xa ntawv xa tuaj. Kev nkag mus rau cov lus xa tuaj yuav tsum muaj tus neeg siv email, ib qho kev pab cuam uas tuaj yeem tau txais email los ntawm tus account, tso cai rau tus neeg siv nyeem, xa mus, rho tawm, thiab teb cov lus. Nyob ntawm koj lub server, koj tuaj yeem siv tus neeg siv email tshwj xeeb (xws li Outlook Express) lossis web browser. Piv txwv li, Internet Explorer yog siv los nkag mus rau email-based accounts. Cov ntawv khaws cia rau ntawm lub chaw xa ntawv tuaj txog thaum lawv rub tawm. Thaum koj tau rub tawm koj cov ntawv los ntawm tus xa ntawv, koj yuav tsis tuaj yeem ua nws dua. Txhawm rau ua tiav cov ntaub ntawv xa tawm, koj yuav tsum nkag mus rau qhov tseeb hauv koj qhov kev pabcuam email. Feem ntau cov xa ntawv xa tuaj siv ib qho ntawm cov txheej txheem hauv qab no: IMAP, POP3,
Cov neeg xa ntawv xa tawm (SMTP)
Nov yog lub server siv tsuas yog xa email (kom hloov lawv ntawm kojmail client program rau tus txais). Feem ntau cov xa ntawv xa tawm siv tau yooj yim Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) xa ntawv. Nyob ntawm koj lub network teeb tsa, cov xa ntawv xa tawm tuaj yeem yog koj li ISP lossis tus neeg rau zaub mov uas koj teeb tsa koj tus account. Xwb, koj tuaj yeem siv qhov kev tso npe raws li SMTP server uas yuav tso cai rau koj xa email los ntawm txhua tus account. Vim muaj teeb meem spam, feem ntau cov xa ntawv xa tawm yuav tsis cia koj xa email tshwj tsis yog koj nkag mus rau hauv koj lub network. Ib tus neeg rau zaub mov nrog qhib relay yuav tso cai rau koj siv nws xa email, txawm tias koj koom nrog nws pawg netgroup lossis tsis.
E-mail chaw nres nkoj
Rau cov tes hauj lwm, qhov chaw nres nkoj txhais tau tias qhov kawg ntawm kev sib txuas lus. Tus lej chaw nres nkoj txiav txim siab nws hom. Cov chaw nres nkoj email default tau teev tseg hauv qab no:
- POP3 - chaw nres nkoj 110;
- IMAP - chaw nres nkoj 143;
- SMTP - chaw nres nkoj 25;
- HTTP - chaw nres nkoj 80;
- kev ruaj ntseg SMTP (SSMTP) - chaw nres nkoj 465;
- kev ruaj ntseg IMAP (IMAP4-SSL) - chaw nres nkoj 585;
- IMAP4 dhau SSL (IMAPS) - chaw nres nkoj 993;
- Secure POP3 (SSL-POP) - chaw nres nkoj 995.
E-mail raws tu qauv: IMAP, POP3, SMTP thiab
Basic raws tu qauv hais txog tus txheej txheem siv ntawm txhua qhov kawgkev sib txuas lus channel. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv email, koj yuav tsum siv tus neeg siv tshwj xeeb kom nkag mus rau tus xa ntawv xa ntawv. Nyob rau hauv lem, lawv tuaj yeem sib pauv ntaub ntawv nrog ib leeg siv cov txheej txheem sib txawv kiag li.
IMAP raws tu qauv
IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol) yog tus txheej txheem kev nkag mus rau email los ntawm koj lub server hauv zos. IMAP yog tus neeg siv khoom / server raws tu qauv uas tau txais email thiab cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia los ntawm koj lub server hauv internet. Vim tias nws tsuas yog xav tau me me ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hloov chaw, nws ua haujlwm zoo txawm tias ntawm kev sib txuas qeeb, xws li kev sib txuas ntawm dial-up. Thaum sim nyeem ib qho email tshwj xeeb, tus neeg siv khoom rub tawm cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm lub server. Koj tuaj yeem tsim thiab tswj cov folders lossis mailboxes ntawm lub server, tshem tawm cov lus.
POP3 raws tu qauv
Post Office Protocol 3 (POP) email hloov raws tu qauv muab txoj hauv kev yooj yim, tsim qauv rau cov neeg siv nkag mus rau cov thawv xa ntawv thiab rub cov lus rau lawv lub khoos phis tawj.
Thaum siv POP raws tu qauv, tag nrho koj cov lus email yuav raug rub tawm los ntawm xa ntawv xa mus rau lub computer hauv zos. Koj tseem tuaj yeem tso cov ntawv luam ntawm koj cov emails ntawm lub server. Qhov zoo dua yog tias thaum koj cov lus tau rub tawm lawm, koj tuaj yeem kaw koj qhov kev sib txuas hauv is taws nem thiab nyeem koj e-mail ntawm koj qhov kev lom zem yam tsis muaj nqi sib txuas lus ntxiv. Nrog lwm tusNtawm qhov tod tes, koj tau txais thiab rub tawm ntau cov lus tsis xav tau (xws li spam lossis kab mob) siv cov txheej txheem no.
SMTP raws tu qauv
SMTP (Yooj Yim Xa Ntawv Hloov Raws Li Txoj Cai) yog siv los ntawm Mail Transfer Agent (MTA) kom xa email xa mus rau ib tus neeg tau txais kev pabcuam tshwj xeeb. SMTP tsuas yog siv tau los xa email, tsis tau txais lawv. Nyob ntawm koj lub network lossis ISP teeb tsa, koj tsuas tuaj yeem siv SMTP raws tu qauv raws li qee yam xwm txheej.
HTTP raws tu qauv
HTTP tsis yog email raws tu qauv, tab sis nws tuaj yeem siv los nkag rau koj lub mailbox. Nws kuj yog feem ntau hu ua web email. Nws tuaj yeem siv los sau lossis tau txais email los ntawm koj tus account. Hotmail yog ib qho piv txwv zoo ntawm kev siv HTTP raws li email raws tu qauv.
Managed File Transfers and Network Solutions
Koj lub peev xwm xa thiab tau txais e-mail feem ntau yog vim peb txoj cai TCP. Lawv yog SMTP, IMAP thiab POP3.
SMTP
Cia peb pib nrog SMTP vim nws txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb txawv ntawm ob qho tib si. SMTP raws tu qauv, los yog Simple Mail Transfer Protocol, feem ntau yog siv los xa email los ntawm tus neeg siv email (xws li Microsoft Outlook, Thunderbird, lossis Apple Mail) mus rau email server. Nws kuj yog siv los relay lossis xa xa ntawv los ntawmib lub mail server rau lwm tus. Qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog yog tias tus neeg xa khoom thiab tus neeg tau txais kev pabcuam muaj cov chaw pabcuam email sib txawv.
SMTP, uas tau teev tseg hauv RFC 5321, siv chaw nres nkoj 25 los ntawm lub neej ntawd. Nws kuj tseem siv tau qhov chaw nres nkoj 587 thiab chaw nres nkoj 465. Qhov kawg, uas tau qhia ua qhov chaw nres nkoj xaiv rau kev ruaj ntseg SMTP (aka SMTPS), yog deprecated. Tab sis qhov tseeb, nws tseem siv los ntawm ntau lub chaw xa ntawv.
POP3
Lub Chaw Xa Khoom, lossis POP, yog siv los khaws cov lus email los ntawm tus xa ntawv xa mus rau tus neeg siv email. Qhov tseeb version uas tau siv dav yog version 3, yog li lo lus "POP3".
POP, version 3, teev nyob rau hauv RFC 1939, txhawb kev txuas ntxiv thiab ntau yam kev lees paub tseeb. Kev lees paub cov yam ntxwv yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv cov neeg tawm tsam kom nkag mus rau cov neeg siv cov lus.
POP3 tus neeg siv tau txais email zoo li no:
- txuas mus rau tus neeg xa ntawv xa ntawv ntawm chaw nres nkoj 110 (lossis 995 rau SSL / TLS kev sib txuas);
- retrieves email messages;
- tshem tawm cov ntawv luam ntawm cov lus khaws cia ntawm lub server;
- disconnects los ntawm server.
Txawm tias cov neeg siv POP tuaj yeem teeb tsa kom cov neeg rau zaub mov tuaj yeem khaws cov ntawv luam ntawm cov lus rub tawm, cov kauj ruam saum toj no yog kev coj ua.
IMAP
IMAP, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov qauv tam sim no (IMAP4), yog cov txheej txheem nyuaj dua. Qhov no tso cai rau cov neeg siv los koom nrog pawgcov lus thiab muab tso rau hauv folders, uas, nyob rau hauv lem, yuav tsum tau teem hierarchically. Nws tseem tau nruab nrog cov ntawv chij uas qhia tias cov lus tau nyeem, tshem tawm, lossis tau txais. Nws txawm tso cai rau cov neeg siv tshawb nrhiav server mailboxes.
Ua haujlwm logic (imap4 nqis):
- txuas mus rau mail server ntawm chaw nres nkoj 143 (lossis 993 rau SSL / TLS kev sib txuas);
- retrieves email messages;
- siv los txuas ua ntej kaw daim ntawv thov xa ntawv thiab rub cov lus ntawm kev thov.
Thov nco ntsoov tias cov lus tsis raug muab tshem tawm ntawm lub server. Qhov no tuaj yeem muaj qhov tshwm sim loj. IMAP specifications muaj nyob rau hauv RFC 3501.
Kev xaiv ntawm IMAP thiab POP3
Vim tias txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm SMTP yog qhov sib txawv, qhov zoo tshaj plaws raws tu qauv teeb meem feem ntau tsuas yog IMAP thiab POP3.
Yog tias qhov chaw khaws cia server tseem ceeb rau koj, xaiv POP3. Ib tus neeg rau zaub mov nrog lub cim xeeb tsawg yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas tuaj yeem yuam koj los txhawb POP3. Vim tias IMAP tawm cov lus ntawm lub server, nws tuaj yeem haus qhov chaw nco tau sai dua POP3.
Yog tias koj xav nkag mus rau koj cov ntawv xa tuaj txhua lub sijhawm, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj rau lo nrog IMAP. Muaj ib qho laj thawj zoo vim li cas IMAP tau tsim los khaws cov lus ntawm lub server. Nws yog siv los tshawb nrhiav cov lus los ntawm ntau yam khoom siv - qee zaum txawm tias tib lub sijhawm. Yog li yog tias koj muaj iPhone, ntsiav tshuaj Android, lub laptop thiab lub desktop thiab xav nyeem email los ntawm ib qho lossis tag nrho cov khoom siv no, ces IMAP yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj.
Synchronization yog lwm qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm IMAP. Yog tias koj nkag mus rau email los ntawm ntau lub cuab yeej, koj yuav xav kom lawv txhua tus los qhia seb koj tau ua dab tsi.
Piv txwv li, yog tias koj nyeem cov lus A, B thiab C, koj xav kom lawv cim "nyeem" ntawm lwm yam khoom siv thiab. Yog tias koj tau tshem cov ntawv B thiab C, koj yuav xav kom tib cov lus raug tshem tawm ntawm koj lub mailbox ntawm tag nrho cov khoom siv. Tag nrho cov synchronizations no tsuas yog ua tiav yog tias koj siv IMAP.
Vim IMAP tso cai rau cov neeg siv los teeb tsa cov lus hierarchically thiab muab tso rau hauv cov ntawv tais ceev tseg, nws pab cov neeg siv txhim kho lawv cov ntawv xov xwm zoo dua.
Tau kawg, txhua qhov kev ua haujlwm IMAP tuaj nrog tus nqi. Cov kev daws teeb meem no nyuaj rau kev siv thiab xaus rau kev siv ntau ntau CPU thiab RAM, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum nws ua cov txheej txheem synchronization. Qhov tseeb, CPU siab thiab kev siv nco tuaj yeem tshwm sim ntawm ob tus neeg siv khoom thiab sab server yog tias muaj ntau cov lus los sync. Los ntawm qhov kev pom no, POP3 raws tu qauv tsis tshua kim, txawm tias tsis ua haujlwm.
Kev ceev ntiag tug kuj yog ib qho ntawm cov teeb meem uas yuav cuam tshuam rau cov neeg siv kawg. Lawv feem ntau xav rub tawm txhua email thiab tsis tawm musluam ntawm lawv ntawm tus neeg siv tsis paub.
Speed yog qhov zoo uas nws txawv thiab nyob ntawm qhov xwm txheej. POP3 muaj peev xwm rub tawm tag nrho cov lus email ntawm kev sib txuas. Thiab IMAP tuaj yeem, yog tias tsim nyog (piv txwv li, thaum tsis muaj tsheb khiav txaus), tsuas yog rub tawm cov lus headers lossis qee qhov chaw thiab tawm cov ntawv txuas rau ntawm lub server. Tsuas yog thaum tus neeg siv txiav txim siab tias qhov seem seem tsim nyog rub tawm lawv yuav muaj rau nws. Yog li, IMAP tuaj yeem txiav txim siab sai dua.
Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias tag nrho cov lus ntawm lub server yuav tsum rub tawm txhua zaus, POP3 yuav nrawm dua.
Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, txhua tus txheej txheem piav qhia muaj nws qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo. Nws yog nyob ntawm koj txiav txim siab seb lub luag haujlwm lossis cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb dua.
Tsis tas li, txoj hauv kev koj xav nkag mus rau e-mail tus neeg siv khoom txiav txim siab seb tus txheej txheem twg yog qhov nyiam. Cov neeg siv uas tsuas yog ua haujlwm ntawm ib lub tshuab thiab siv webmail kom nkag mus rau lawv cov email tshiab yuav txaus siab rau POP3.
Txawm li cas los xij, cov neeg siv pauv lub thawv xa ntawv lossis nkag mus rau lawv cov email los ntawm cov khoos phis tawj sib txawv yuav nyiam IMAP.
Spam firewalls nrog SMTP, IMAP thiab POP3
Feem ntau spam firewalls tsuas yog cuam tshuam nrog thiab tiv thaiv SMTP raws tu qauv. Cov servers xa thiab tau txais SMTP email thiab lawv yuav raug kuaj xyuas los ntawm spam firewall ntawm lub rooj vag. Txawm li cas los xij, qee qhov spam firewalls muab lub peev xwm los tiv thaiv POP3 thiab IMAP4 thaum cov neeg siv sab nraud xav tau cov kev pabcuam nonkag mus rau lawv tus email.
SMTP firewalls yog pob tshab rau cov neeg siv kawg; tsis muaj kev hloov pauv rau cov neeg siv khoom. Cov neeg siv tseem tau txais thiab xa email xa mus rau email server. Piv txwv li, Txauv lossis Dominos yuav tsum teeb tsa lub npe raws li cov lus xa mus rau firewall thaum xa email, thiab tso cai rau email xa los ntawm firewall.
