Dab tsi yog hu ua xim gamut? Nws txhais tau qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov spectrum pom rau tib neeg lub qhov muag. Vim tias cov xim uas siv cov duab xws li lub koob yees duab digital, scanners, saib, thiab cov tshuab luam ntawv tuaj yeem tsim sib txawv, ib qho gamut yog siv los ua kom haum rau lawv.
Ntxiv thiab rho tawm hom
Muaj 2 hom xim gamut - RGB thiab CMYK.
Ntxiv gamma yog tsim los ntawm kev sib xyaw lub teeb ntawm ntau zaus. Siv rau hauv cov duab, TVs thiab lwm yam khoom siv. Lub npe RGB yog tsim los ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv thawj zaug ntawm lub teeb liab, ntsuab thiab xiav siv rau tiam no.
Subtractive gamma yog tau los ntawm kev sib xyaw dyes uas thaiv qhov kev xav ntawm lub teeb, ua rau cov xim xav tau. Siv rau kev tshaj tawm cov duab, ntawv xov xwm thiab phau ntawv. Cov ntawv luv CMYK yog tsim los ntawm cov npe ntawm cov xim (cyan, magenta, daj thiab dub) siv hauv kev luam ntawv. CMYK xim gamut yog me dua li qhov chaw RGB.
qauv
Xim gamut yog tswj los ntawm ntau tus qauv. Tej computers feem ntau siv sRGB, Adobe RGB, thiab NTSC. Lawv cov qauv xim yog pom nyob rau hauv daim ntawv xim raws li daim duab peb sab. Lawv yog RGB peak coordinates txuas nrog cov kab ncaj nraim. Qhov loj ntawm thaj tsam ntawm daim duab peb sab, qhov ntau ntxoov cov qauv tuaj yeem tso saib. Rau LCD saib, qhov no txhais tau hais tias cov khoom sib xws nrog cov qauv loj tuaj yeem tso saib ntau yam xim ntawm lub vijtsam.
sRGB
Xim gamut rau tus kheej lub computer yog txhais los ntawm sRGB thoob ntiaj teb tus qauv tsim los ntawm 1998 los ntawm International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). Nws tau ua txoj haujlwm muaj zog hauv Windows ib puag ncig. Feem ntau, cov lus qhia, cov tshuab luam ntawv, cov koob yees duab digital, thiab ntau yam kev siv tau raug ntsuas kom rov tsim cov qauv sRGB kom raug raws li qhov ua tau. Tsuav yog cov khoom siv thiab cov kev pab cuam siv los nkag thiab tawm cov duab cov ntaub ntawv ua raws li tus qauv no, qhov sib txawv ntawm cov tswv yim thiab cov zis yuav tsawg heev.
Adobe RGB
Daim duab chromatic qhia tau hais tias qhov ntau ntawm cov txiaj ntsig uas tuaj yeem qhia tau siv tus qauv sRGB yog qhov nqaim heev. Hauv particular, tus qauv tsis suav nrog cov xim saturated heev. Qhov no, thiab kev txhim kho ntawm cov khoom siv xws li cov koob yees duab digital thiab cov tshuab luam ntawv, tau coj mus rau kev siv thev naus laus zis uas muaj peev xwm rov tsim cov suab nrov uas tsis nyob hauv sRGB ntau yam. Hauv qhov no, Adobe RGB tus qauv tau nyiam cov xim dav dav. Nws yog characterized los ntawm ib tug dav xim gamut, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauvG cheeb tsam, uas yog, vim muaj peev xwm ua kom pom cov suab ntsuab zoo dua.
Adobe RGB tus qauv tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1998 los ntawm Adobe Systems, uas tsim lub koob npe nrov Photoshop series ntawm cov duab retouching programs. Txawm hais tias tsis yog thoob ntiaj teb (xws li sRGB), ua tsaug rau Adobe qhov kev lag luam siab ntawm cov ntawv thov kev siv duab hauv qhov chaw ua haujlwm tshaj lij, nrog rau hauv kev lag luam luam tawm thiab luam tawm, nws tau dhau los ua qhov tseeb. Ntau tus neeg saib xyuas tuaj yeem rov tsim dua feem ntau ntawm Adobe RGB xim gamut.
NTSC
Tus qauv xov tooj cua analog no tau tsim los ntawm US National Television Systems Committee. Txawm hais tias NTSC xim gamut nyob ze rau Adobe RGB, nws cov nqi R thiab B txawv me ntsis. sRGB siv li ntawm 72% ntawm NTSC ntau yam. Cov saib uas muaj peev xwm ua kom pom cov qauv NTSC yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov yeeb yaj kiab, tab sis tsis tshua muaj txiaj ntsig rau cov neeg siv ib tus neeg lossis cov duab tseem ceeb. sRGB compatibility thiab muaj peev xwm los tsim cov Adobe RGB xim gamut yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev qhia siv rau kev yees duab.
Illumination technologies
Feem ntau, niaj hnub saib siv nrog PCs, vim yog cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb rau lawv cov LCD vaj huam sib luag (thiab kev tswj), muaj xim gamut uas suav nrog tag nrho qhov chaw sRGB. Txawm li cas los xij, muab qhov kev thov loj dua rau kev loj hlob gamut, cov saib 'xim chaw tau nthuav dav. Hauv qhov no, Adobe RGB tus qauv siv los ua lub hom phiaj. Tab sis qhov no tshwm sim li casextension?
Qhov no feem ntau yog vim kev txhim kho backlighting. Muaj 2 txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb. Ib tug ntawm lawv yog los nthuav cov xim gamut ntawm txias cathodes, uas yog lub mainstream backlight technology, thiab lwm yam yog los cuam tshuam lub LED backlight.
Hauv thawj kis, kev daws teeb meem ceev yog txhawm rau nce cov xim lim ntawm LCD vaj huam sib luag, txawm hais tias qhov no txo qhov ci ci ntawm lub vijtsam ntawm cov nuj nqis ntawm kev sib kis lub teeb. Ua kom lub ci ntsa iab ntawm qhov txias cathode los tiv thaiv cov nyhuv no ua rau lub neej luv ntawm lub cuab yeej thiab feem ntau ua rau muaj teeb meem teeb meem. Kev siv zog ntawm cov engineers los txog niaj hnub no tau kov yeej cov kev tsis txaus no. Hauv ntau lub fluorescent-backlit saib, ntau yam txuas ntxiv yog ua tiav los ntawm kev hloov kho phosphor. Nws kuj txo tus nqi raws li nws tso cai rau koj nthuav dav ntau yam xim yam tsis muaj kev hloov pauv loj rau tus qauv uas twb muaj lawm.
Kev siv cov teeb pom kev zoo LED tau nce siab tsis ntev los no. Qhov no tso cai rau qib siab dua ntawm qhov ci thiab xim purity kom ua tiav. Txawm hais tias muaj qee qhov tsis zoo, suav nrog cov duab tsis zoo (vim muaj teeb meem kub hnyiab, piv txwv li) thiab cov teeb meem hauv kev ua tiav cov xim dawb nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov tshuaj ntsuam vim RGB LED sib tov, cov teeb meem no tau hais. LED backlighting raug nqi ntau dua li cov teeb fluorescent thiab tau siv tsawg dua, tab sis vim nws qhov ua tau zoo hauv kev nthuav dav cov xim gamut, kev siv tshuab no tau nce ntxiv. Qhov no muaj tseebthiab rau LCD TVs.
Ratio and coverage
Cov neeg tsim khoom feem ntau qhia cov saib cov xim gamut (piv txwv li daim duab peb sab ntawm daim duab xim). Ntau tus ntawm koj tej zaum tau pom nyob rau hauv phau ntawv qhia qhov piv ntawm gamma ntawm ib qho khoom siv rau Adobe RGB lossis NTSC qauv.
Txawm li cas los xij, cov duab no tsuas yog hais txog thaj chaw. Cov khoom tsawg heev npog tag nrho Adobe RGB thiab NTSC qhov chaw. Piv txwv li, Lenovo Yoga 530 muaj xim gamut ntawm 60-70% Adobe RGB. Tab sis txawm tias cov zaub qhia 120%, nws tsis tuaj yeem qhia qhov txawv ntawm qhov muaj nqis. Txij li cov ntaub ntawv no ua rau kev txhais lus tsis raug, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom tsis txhob muaj kev ntxhov siab nrog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom. Tab sis yuav ua li cas xyuas cov xim gamut ntawm lub monitor nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no?
Txhawm rau tshem tawm cov teeb meem tshwj xeeb, qee cov tuam txhab siv "kev pab them nqi" es tsis yog "thaj chaw". Nws yog qhov pom tseeb tias, piv txwv li, ib qho LCD saib nrog 95% Adobe RGB xim gamut tuaj yeem tsim tawm 95% ntawm cov qauv no.
Los ntawm tus neeg siv qhov kev xav, kev pab them nqi yog qhov yooj yim dua thiab nkag siab zoo dua li thaj tsam piv. Txawm hais tias muaj teeb meem, qhia cov xim gamut ntawm cov saib uas yuav siv rau kev tswj xim ntawm cov duab yuav ua rau nws yooj yim dua rau cov neeg siv los tsim lawv cov kev txiav txim.
Gamma conversion
Thaum kuaj xyuas qhov chaw xim ntawm lub monitor, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nco ntsoov tias cov xim gamut dav tsis tas yuav txhais ua cov duab zoo. Qhov no yuav ua rautsis nkag siab.
Xim gamut yog tus yam ntxwv siv los ntsuas cov duab zoo ntawm LCD saib, tab sis nws ib leeg tsis txhais nws. Qhov zoo ntawm kev tswj tau siv los paub txog tag nrho cov peev txheej ntawm cov zaub yog qhov tseem ceeb. Yog li ntawd, lub peev xwm los tsim cov tones raug tsim nyog rau cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb tshaj qhov muaj qhov dav xim gamut.
Thaum ntsuas lub ntsuas, koj yuav tsum txiav txim siab seb nws puas muaj xim qhov chaw hloov pauv. Nws tso cai rau koj los tswj cov duab gamma los ntawm kev teeb tsa lub hom phiaj xws li Adobe RGB lossis sRGB. Piv txwv li, los ntawm kev xaiv sRGB hom los ntawm cov ntawv qhia zaub mov, koj tuaj yeem teeb tsa koj lub monitor rau Adobe RGB kom cov xim uas pom ntawm lub vijtsam poob hauv sRGB ntau yam.
Displays uas muaj xim gamut hloov dua siab tshiab ua haujlwm tau sib xws nrog Adobe RGB thiab sRGB cov qauv tib lub sijhawm. Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov ntawv thov uas yuav tsum tau tsim cov suab nrov, xws li kev kho cov duab thiab tsim lub vev xaib.
Rau lub hom phiaj uas yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj xim zoo nkauj, qee zaum qhov tsis zoo yog tias tus saib nrog cov xim dav dav tsis muaj qhov hloov pauv. Cov duab zoo li no tso saib txhua lub suab ntawm 8-ntsis gamut hauv cov xim tag nrho. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, cov xim tsim tau feem ntau ci dhau los ua kom pom cov duab sRGB (piv txwv li sRGB tsis tuaj yeem tsim dua tshiab kom raug).
Hloov kho Adobe RGB duab rau sRGB ua rau poob ntawm cov ntaub ntawv xim saturated heev thiab poob ntawm tonal subtleties. Yog li, cov duab uafaded thiab dhia hauv suab nrov tshwm. Adobe RGB qauv tuaj yeem tsim cov xim nplua nuj dua li sRGB. Txawm li cas los xij, cov xim tiag tiag tso tawm tuaj yeem sib txawv nyob ntawm tus saib siv los saib lawv thiab software ib puag ncig.
Txhim kho cov duab zoo
Qhov twg tus saib lub dav xim gamut tso cai rau ntau lub suab nrov, tswj ntau lub suab nrov, thiab kho kom zoo dua rau kev tshuaj ntsuam dluab, teeb meem xws li tonal gradation distortion, xim variations tshwm sim los ntawm nqaim saib cov ces kaum, thiab tso saib unevenness, pom tsawg dua nyob rau hauv sRGB gamuts, tau dhau los ua lus tshaj tawm. Raws li tau hais ua ntej, tsuas yog qhov tseeb ntawm muaj cov xim dav dav gamut tsis tau lees tias nws yuav muab cov duab zoo. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau ua tib zoo saib ntau yam thev naus laus zis rau kev siv txuas ntxiv RGB xim gamut.
Gradation nce
Tus yuam sij ntawm no yog qhov ua haujlwm hauv gamma kho kom haum rau ntau theem tonal hloov. 8-ntsis input signals rau txhua RGB xim uas los ntawm PC sab yog dithered rau 10 los yog ntau tshaj ib pixel ntawm lub monitor, thiab ces muab rau txhua RGB xim. Qhov no txhim kho tonal hloov pauv thiab txo cov xim sib txawv, txhim kho gamma nkhaus.
Saib cov ces kaum
Cov ntxaij vab tshaus loj dua feem ntau ua kom yooj yim pom qhov sib txawv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hauv cov khoom siv nrog cov xim dav, tab sis lawv tuaj yeem muaj teeb meem xim. Feem ntau xim variation vim saib lub kaum sab xistxiav txim siab los ntawm LCD vaj huam sib luag thev naus laus zis, nrog qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lawv qhia tsis muaj suab nrov hloov txawm tias pom los ntawm lub kaum ntse ntse.
Yog tsis tau nkag mus rau hauv qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm kev tsim khoom, lawv tuaj yeem muab faib ua hom hauv qab no, teev nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim siab ntawm kev hloov xim: hauv dav hlau hloov (IPS), ntsug ntsug (VA) thiab twisted nematic crystals (TN). Txawm hais tias TN thev naus laus zis tau nce mus rau qhov chaw uas nws qhov kev pom lub kaum sab xis tau txhim kho zoo, tseem muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm nws thiab VA thiab IPS thev naus laus zis. Yog tias qhov tseeb xim yog qhov tseem ceeb, VA thiab IPS panels yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws.
xim tsis sib xws thiab ci ntsa iab
Qhov kev kho tsis sib xws yog siv los txo cov duab tsis sib xws ntawm cov xim xim thiab qhov ci. Lub LCD saib ua tau zoo ua rau me ntsis tsis sib xws hauv qhov ci lossis lub suab. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kev ua haujlwm siab tau nruab nrog cov tshuab ntsuas qhov ci thiab xim ntawm txhua qhov chaw ntawm lub vijtsam thiab kho lawv los ntawm lawv tus kheej txhais tau tias.
Calibration
Txhawm rau kom paub meej lub peev xwm ntawm qhov dav gamut LCD saib thiab tso cov suab nrov raws li tus neeg siv xav tau, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau xav txog kev siv cov cuab yeej hloov kho. Zaub calibration yog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ntsuas cov xim ntawm lub vijtsam siv lub calibrator tshwj xeeb thiab xav txog cov yam ntxwv hauv ICC profile (cov ntaub ntawv uas txiav txim siab xim yam ntxwv ntawm lub cuab yeej) siv los ntawm kev ua haujlwm.qhov system. Qhov no ua kom paub tseeb tias cov ntaub ntawv ua tiav los ntawm cov duab software thiab lwm yam software thiab cov suab nrov tsim los ntawm LCD saib zoo ib yam thiab muaj tseeb heev.
Nco ntsoov tias muaj 2 hom kev ntsuas ntsuas: software thiab kho vajtse.
Software tuning yog ua los ntawm kev siv software tshwj xeeb uas teeb tsa qhov tsis zoo xws li ci ntsa iab, qhov sib piv thiab xim kub (RGB tshuav nyiaj li cas) los ntawm cov ntawv qhia zaub mov thiab coj cov duab los ze zog rau lub suab qub uas siv phau ntawv teeb tsa. Qee qhov xwm txheej, cov neeg tsav tsheb graphics siv cov haujlwm no tsis yog ib qho kev pab cuam. Software calibration yog tus nqi qis thiab tuaj yeem siv los kho txhua tus saib.
Txawm li cas los xij, qhov tseeb xim tuaj yeem hloov pauv vim tib neeg yuam kev. Qhov no tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau RGB gradation, raws li cov khoom sib npaug ua tiav los ntawm kev nce tus naj npawb ntawm RGB tso zis ntau ntau siv software ua. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yooj yim dua kom ua tiav cov xim luam tawm nrog software dua li tsis muaj nws.
Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, kho vajtse calibration muab qhov tseeb dua. Nws yuav tsum tau siv zog tsawg dua, txawm hais tias nws tsuas yog siv tau nrog LCD saib, thiab los ntawm tus nqi.
Feem ntau, calibration suav nrog cov kauj ruam hauv qab no:
- program start;
- sib piv cov yam ntxwv xim xim nrog lawv lub hom phiaj tus nqi;
- Kev tswj ncaj qha ntawm qhov ci, qhov sib piv thiab gammatso saib kev kho ntawm qib kho vajtse.
Lwm yam ntawm kho vajtse customization uas yuav tsum tsis txhob raug saib xyuas yog nws qhov yooj yim. Txhua txoj haujlwm, los ntawm kev npaj ICC profile rau cov txiaj ntsig hloov kho thiab sau rau OS, tau ua tiav.
In xaus
Yog tias koj saib cov xim luam tawm yog qhov tseem ceeb, koj yuav tsum paub tias muaj pes tsawg xim nws tuaj yeem sawv cev. Cov neeg tsim khoom specs teev cov naj npawb ntawm cov tones feem ntau tsis muaj txiaj ntsig thiab tsis raug thaum nws los txog rau qhov kev ua yeeb yam tiag tiag qhia txog qhov nws muaj peev xwm theoretically. Yog li ntawd, cov neeg siv khoom yuav tsum paub txog cov xim gamut ntawm lawv lub monitor. Qhov no yuav muab lub tswv yim zoo dua ntawm nws lub peev xwm. Koj yuav tsum paub qhov ntsuas qhov gamma qhov feem pua thiab tus qauv nws yog raws li.
Cov hauv qab no yog cov npe luv luv ntawm ntau qhov sib txawv rau ntau qib ntawm cov lus qhia:
- Medium LCD npog 70-75% ntawm NTSC gamut;
- Kev tshaj lij LCD saib nrog 80-90% txuas txuas ntxiv;
- LCD zaub nrog txias cathode backlight - 92-100%;
- Wide-gamut LCD saib nrog LED backlight - tshaj 100%.
Thaum kawg, nco ntsoov tias cov lej no yog qhov tseeb thaum cov zaub tau ntsuas tag nrho. Feem ntau cov saib mus los ntawm kev teeb tsa yooj yim thiab muaj qhov sib txawv me me hauv qee qhov ntsuas. Yog li ntawd, cov neeg uas xav tau cov xim muaj tseeb heev yuav tsum kho nws nrog cov kev tsim nyog thiab kev teeb tsa siv lub cuab yeej tshwj xeeb xim calibration.tool.
