Cathode thiab anode yog ob yam ntawm ib txheej txheem: qhov ntws ntawm hluav taws xob tam sim no. Tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv yuav muab faib ua ob hom - cov no yog conductors, nyob rau hauv cov qauv uas muaj ib tug loj tshaj ntawm dawb electrons, thiab dielectrics (yuav luag tsis muaj dawb electrons nyob rau hauv lawv).
Lub tswvyim ntawm hluav taws xob
Hluav taws xob tam sim no yog kev txav mus los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv cov qauv ntawm cov teeb meem nyob rau hauv lub zog ntawm electromagnetic voltage. Yog tias qhov hluav taws xob tas mus li raug siv rau tus neeg xyuas pib, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob dawb uas muaj cov nqi tsis zoo yuav pib txav mus rau qhov kev coj ua zoo ntawm cov anode (zoo electrode) los ntawm cathode (tsis zoo them electrode). Tam sim no, feem, yuav ntws mus rau qhov opposite direction. Thiab cov cathode thiab anode yog ob lub electrodes, ntawm qhov poob (qhov txawv) ntawm electromagnetic voltage tau tsim.
Cov khoom siv thiab dielectrics
Cov neeg coj thiab dielectrics tuaj yeem yog cov khoom ua kua, kua thiab roj. Qhov no tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev khiav ntawm hluav taws xob tam sim no. Nrog rau daim ntawv thov ntevelectromagnetic voltage rau cov khoom, ib tug tshaj ntawm electrons yuav tsim nyob rau hauv lub cathode, thiab nws tsis txaus ntawm lub anode. Yog hais tias qhov hluav taws xob tau siv ntev txaus, ces khi cov electrons nrog rau cov atoms yuav khiav tawm ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov khoom los ntawm cov anode yog tsim, thiab cov khoom nws tus kheej yuav pib chemically reacts nrog chemically active tshuaj los ntawm ib puag ncig. Cov txheej txheem no hu ua electrolysis.
Electrolysis
Cov cathode thiab anode hauv electrochemistry yog ob tug ncej ntawm ib qho hluav taws xob tsis tu ncua uas siv rau cov ntsev ntsev los yog melts. Thaum ib tug tam sim no tshwm sim los ntawm ib tug tshaj ntawm electrons, lub anode pib tawg, i.e. cov atoms zoo ntawm cov khoom lawv tus kheej yuav poob rau hauv cov kua ntsev (ib puag ncig) thiab raug xa mus rau cathode, qhov chaw uas lawv yuav nyob rau hauv ib daim ntawv purified. Cov txheej txheem no hu ua galvanic. Nrog kev pab ntawm electroplating, ntau yam khoom yog coated nrog nyias txheej ntawm zinc, tooj liab, kub, nyiaj thiab lwm yam hlau.
Cathode yog dab tsi thiab nws ua haujlwm li cas hauv electrolysis? Qhov no tuaj yeem nkag siab los ntawm kev ua cov hauv qab no: yog tias koj ua ib qho anode tawm ntawm bronze los yog tin, tom qab ntawd ntawm cathode koj tau txais cov ntawv luam tawm Circuit Board coated nrog ib txheej nyias ntawm tooj liab lossis tin (siv hauv kev lag luam hluav taws xob). Kub-plated hniav nyiaj hniav kub, tooj liab-plated thiab txawm kub-plated txhuas cov lus qhia rau hluav taws xob engineering yog tau nyob rau hauv tib txoj kev thiaj li yuav ua rau kom hluav taws xob conductivity.
Cov lus teb rau cov lus nug txog dab tsi anode thiab cathode yog qhov pom tseeb hauv electrolysis: lub anode vim los ntawm kev xauTam sim no ncaj qha los ntawm brine raug rhuav tshem, thiab cov cathode yuav siv cov khoom siv anode. Txawm hais tias xws li ib lo lus tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig ntawm electroplating - "anodizing lub cathode." Nws tsis muaj lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub cev, tab sis nws zoo kawg nkaus qhia qhov tseeb ntawm qhov teeb meem.
Semiconductors
Semiconductors yog cov khoom siv uas tsis muaj hluav taws xob dawb hauv cov qauv, thiab cov atomic tsis nyob hauv qhov chaw zoo. Yog hais tias xws li cov khoom nyob rau hauv ib tug kua los yog gaseous lub xeev yog muab tso rau hauv ib tug magnetic teb, thiab tom qab ntawd tso cai rau solidify, ces yuav tau ib tug hluav taws xob semiconductor, uas yuav kis tau tam sim no nyob rau hauv ib qho kev taw qhia.
Diodes yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv no siv cov cuab yeej saum toj no. Lawv muaj ob hom:
a) nrog "p-n-p" conductivity;
b) nrog "n-p-n" conductivity.
Hauv kev xyaum, qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov qauv diode tsis muaj teeb meem. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom raug txuas lub diode rau hluav taws xob Circuit Court. Qhov twg yog qhov anode, cathode nyob qhov twg - ib lo lus nug uas ntau tus puzzled. Muaj cov npe tshwj xeeb ntawm lub diode: xws li A thiab K, lossis + thiab -. Tsuas muaj ob txoj hauv kev los txuas lub diode rau DC hluav taws xob hluav taws xob. Nyob rau hauv ib rooj plaub, lub diode ua hauj lwm yuav ua tam sim no, thiab nyob rau hauv lwm yam nws yuav tsis. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau siv lub cuab yeej uas nws paub tseeb tias qhov twg cathode nyob thiab qhov twg anode yog, thiab txuas mus rau diode. Yog tias lub cuab yeej pom tias muaj qhov tam sim no, ces lub diode txuas raug raug. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias lub cathode ntawm cov cuab yeej thiab cathode ntawm diode, nrog rau cov anode ntawm cov cuab yeej thiab cov anode ntawm diode, coincided. Txwv tsis pub, koj yuav tsum tau sib pauv kev sib txuas.
1. Yog lub diodetsis dhau tam sim no hauv ob qho kev qhia, ces nws tau hlawv thiab kho tsis tau.
2. Yog, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, nws nco, ces nws tawg. Yuav tsum muab pov tseg.
Diodes raug tshuaj xyuas los ntawm cov neeg sim thiab sojntsuam. Nyob rau hauv diodes, lub cathode thiab anode yog rigidly khi rau lawv cov khoom tsim, tsis zoo li galvanic zog qhov chaw (accumulators, roj teeb, thiab lwm yam).
Cathode hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob semiconductor (diodes) ntawm cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob yog cov hluav taws xob (ceg), uas qhov zoo (+) muaj peev xwm tawm los. Los ntawm lub voj voog, nws txuas nrog lub peev xwm tsis zoo ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias tam sim no ncaj qha nyob rau hauv lub semiconductor ntawm lub diode ntws los ntawm cov anode mus rau cathode. Ntawm daim duab hluav taws xob, cov txheej txheem no yog cim qhia zoo li no.
Yog tias lub diode nrog ib txhais ceg (electrode) txuas nrog rau qhov hloov hluav taws xob, ces ntawm qhov thib ob electrode peb yuav tau txais qhov zoo lossis tsis zoo ib nrab-sine nthwv dej. Yog tias koj txuas ob lub diodes rau hauv tus choj, ces peb yuav saib xyuas cov hluav taws xob hloov kho yuav luag tam sim no.
Galvanic ncaj qha qhov chaw - accumulators (batteries)
Cov cathode thiab anode nyob rau hauv cov khoom no hloov chaw nyob ntawm qhov kev taw qhia ntawm qhov ntws ntawm hluav taws xob tam sim no, vim hais tias nyob rau hauv ib rooj plaub voltage tsis tuaj rau lawv, thiab lawv lawv tus kheej ua raws li tam sim no qhov chaw vim muaj tshuaj tiv thaiv. Ntawm no lub anode yuav yog qhov tsis zoo electrode, thiab cathode yuav yog qhov zoo electrode. Hauv lwm qhov xwm txheej, cov txheej txheem ib txwm ntawm electrolysis tshwm sim hauv lub roj teeb.
Thaumlub roj teeb raug tso tawm thiab cov tshuaj lom neeg cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas ua haujlwm raws li lub hauv paus ntawm cov hluav taws xob tam sim no tau nres, nws yuav tsum tau them nrog lub zog hluav taws xob sab nraud. Yog li, peb pib cov txheej txheem ntawm electrolysis, i.e. kev kho dua tshiab ntawm cov khoom qub ntawm cov roj teeb galvanic. Tus nqi tsis zoo yuav tsum raug siv rau lub cathode ntawm lub roj teeb, thiab tus nqi zoo rau lub anode, ces lub roj teeb yuav raug them.
Yog li, lo lus teb rau lo lus nug ntawm yuav ua li cas txiav txim siab cathode thiab anode hauv galvanic cell nyob ntawm seb nws puas tau them lossis ua haujlwm raws li qhov hluav taws xob tam sim no.
Zoo kawg
Raws li kev suav ntawm tag nrho cov saum toj no, cov cathode yog cov electrode uas muaj ntau tshaj ntawm cov electrons tshwm, thiab cov anode yog cov electrode uas qhov tsis txaus ntawm electrons tshwm. Tab sis ntxiv lossis rho tawm ntawm ib qho hluav taws xob tshwj xeeb ntawm cov khoom hluav taws xob hluav taws xob yog txiav txim siab los ntawm cov kev taw qhia ntawm qhov ntws ntawm hluav taws xob tam sim no.
