Thaum siv hluav taws xob, nws yuav tsum hloov qhov voltage ntawm ib qib mus rau lwm qhov. Cov tshuab ziab khaub ncaws qhuav (aka cua txias) ua qhov haujlwm no kom nyab xeeb thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo uas lawv tau siv dav rau kev teeb tsa sab hauv tsev hauv cov tsev pej xeem thiab cov tsev nyob qhov twg lwm hom ntawm cov cuab yeej no suav tias yog qhov txaus ntshai heev.
Hom transformers: kua thiab qhuav
Yeej, muaj ob yam sib txawv ntawm cov cuab yeej xws li: kua insulated thiab txias (kua hom) thiab cua los yog cua-gas sib tov txias (qhuav hom).
Rau transformers ntawm thawj hom, qhov nruab nrab cua txias tuaj yeem yog cov roj ntxhia zoo tib yam. Lwm yam khoom siv kuj tseem siv tau, xws li nplaim hluav taws xob hydrocarbons thiab cov kua dej silicone. Xws li transformers muaj ib tug tub ntxhais thiab windings raus nyob rau hauv lub tank ntawm kua nruab nrab, uas ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug insulator thiab ib tug coolant.
Lub zog qhuav tshaj plawstransformers muaj windings puv nrog epoxy resin, uas ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug insulator. Nws tiv thaiv conductors ntawm plua plav thiab atmospheric corrosion. Txawm li cas los xij, txij li cov coil casting pwm tsuas yog siv nrog qhov ntev ruaj khov, nws tsis tshua muaj chav rau kev hloov pauv hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv zoo li no. Nyob rau hauv ntau yam uas nquag siv nyob rau hauv lub hwj chim mov ntawm me me kev lag luam, raws li zoo raws li cov pej xeem thiab cov vaj tse nyob, qhuav-hom transformers tag duplicate qhov ntau ntawm cov peev txheej ntawm lawv cov kua counterparts.
Main parameters
Lub sijhawm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv hauv nqe lus nug yog los xyuas kom meej qhov ntsuas kub ntawm cov windings. Txhawm rau pab xaiv lossis yuav cov cuab yeej qhuav qhuav rau lub zog ntawm ntau yam khoom, peb yuav xav txog ntau yam kev ua haujlwm yooj yim:
- Power, kVA.
- Rated thawj thiab theem nrab voltage.
- Lub tshav kub dissipation ntawm lub rwb thaiv tsev yog qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws ambient kub + qhov nruab nrab kub nce nyob rau hauv windings + qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov nruab nrab kub nce nyob rau hauv lub windings thiab lub siab tshaj plaws kub nyob rau hauv lawv.
- Core thiab coils - tuaj yeem puas tsuaj rau cov tub ntxhais lossis kev sib sau ntawm delaminations (tooj liab lossis aluminium conductors) yog qhov kev txhawj xeeb tshwj xeeb.
Muaj ntau yam qauv ntawm transformers, txiav txim siab feem ntau los ntawm txoj kev siv los cais lawv cov windings. Ntawm lawv yog cov paub: nqus impregnation, encapsulation thiab cam khwb cia coil. Cia peb xav txog nyias nyias.
Nqus impregnation (VPI) rwb thaiv tsev
Cov thev naus laus zis no tsim cov lacquer tiav ntawm cov neeg xyuas pib los ntawm kev hloov siab thiab lub tshuab nqus tsev. VPI txheej txheem siv polyester resins. Nws muab cov conductors nrog lacquer zoo dua li cov pa dipping. Coils coated nrog nws ces muab tso rau hauv qhov cub qhov twg ci yuav siv qhov chaw. Lawv tiv taus corona tawm ntau dua. Lub transformer zoo li cas? Nws daim duab tso rau hauv qab no.
Nqus Encapsulation (VPE)
Txoj kev no feem ntau ua tau zoo dua VPI txheej txheem. Ob peb dips tau ntxiv thaum lub sij hawm tsim cov txheej txheem los encapsulate lub kauj, tom qab uas lawv txheej yog ci rau hauv qhov cub. Cov transformers no muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo dua tiv thaiv kev txhoj puab heev thiab ntub dej ntau dua li lawv cov VPI counterparts. Lub transformer zoo li cas? Nws daim duab tau nthuav tawm hauv qab no.
Encapsulation (sealing)
Encapsulated transformers yog cov khoom siv sib xyaw nrog cov windings coated nrog silicon tebchaw los yog epoxy resin thiab tag nrho nyob rau hauv ib tug hnyav casing. Cov txheej txheem tsim khoom ntim cov windings nrog ntom ntom, siab dielectric zog epoxy resin, tiv thaiv lub transformer los ntawm txhua qhov chaw.
Casted coils (hauv molded densified epoxy)
Cov khoom siv no muaj cov coils uas tau ntim hauv epoxy thaum lub sijhawm molding. Lawv tag nrho cov resin nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawmnqus tsev vacuum.
Txhua txoj kev rwb thaiv tsev winding yog tshwj xeeb rau cov chaw tshwj xeeb. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev kom nkag siab qhov twg nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los siv cov cuab yeej tsim nyog. Piv txwv li, qhuav cam khwb cia resin transformers raug nqi li 50% ntau dua li VPE lossis VPI cov khoom. Yog li, kev xaiv ntawm ib hom khoom siv tshwj xeeb tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau tag nrho cov nqi ntawm qhov project.
Cov lus qhia rau kev xaiv
Qhov twg muaj zog tiv thaiv corona tawm (piv txwv li cov hluav taws xob tawm los ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob ntau tshaj qhov dielectric lub zog ntawm cov rwb thaiv tsev) yuav tsum tau, thaum tsis muaj zog txhua yam ntawm cov windings tsis tas yuav tsum tau siv VPI-hom transformer.
Siv cov no nrog cov cam khwb cia thaum xav tau lub zog ntxiv thiab kev tiv thaiv, xws li nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig hnyav xws li cov txheej txheem tshuaj, cov khoom siv hauv tsev, thiab kev teeb tsa sab nraum zoov. Ib puag ncig hnyav muaj xws li cov khoom uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau lub windings ntawm lwm yam qhuav-hom transformers, nrog rau cov ntsev, plua plav, corrosive gases, ya raws thiab hlau hais.
Ntxiv rau, cam khwb cia resin windings tau txhim kho lub peev xwm tiv taus lub sijhawm luv thiab rov ua dua cov khoom siv ntau dua hauv ntau cov txheej txheem tsim khoom.
Ib tus kws tshaj lij feem ntau yuav tsum tau xaiv ntawm cam khwb cia resin lossis VPI / VPE hom rau cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb thiab ib puag ncig hnyav. Thawj hom feem ntau suav hais tias yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Qee cov tuam ntxhabTxawm li cas los xij, nws tau taw qhia tias cam khwb cia resin rwb thaiv tsev txwv lub neej ntawm transformer. Lub coefficient ntawm thermal expansion ntawm epoxy resin yog tsawg tshaj li ntawm tooj liab conductors. Lub cyclic expansion thiab contraction raws li cov coils kub thiab txias tuaj yeem ua rau cov resin tawg. Nws tseem tau sau tseg tias VPI-hom transformer tuaj yeem tiv taus cov txheej txheem zoo li no thiab yog li ntawd ntev dua. Thaum kawg, qhov kev xaiv zaum kawg yog nyob ntawm tus kws tsim hluav taws xob.
Liquid vs. Dry
Cov kua dej hloov pauv zoo li ua tau zoo dua li cov khoom qhuav qhuav, yog li lawv muaj lub neej ua haujlwm ntev dua. Tsis tas li ntawd, kua yog qhov nruab nrab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev ua kom txias hauv cheeb tsam kub kub hauv qhov cua. Ntxiv rau, cov khoom siv ua kua muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo dua.
Yog li, 1000 KVA qhuav-hom transformer ntawm ib nrab load muaj qhov poob ntawm txog 8 kW, thiab tag nrho cov load txog 16 kW. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tib "txwv txhiab", tab sis kua, muaj li ntawm ib nrab ntawm cov pov tseg. Cov roj "ob txhiab" ntawm ib nrab load incurs poob ntawm 8 kW, thiab tag nrho load - 16 kW. Nws cov khoom siv qhuav yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov nqi ntawm 13 thiab 26.5 kW, feem. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias nws yog qhuav-hom transformers uas tuav lub dubious txhuas nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev poob. Tib lub sijhawm, lawv tus nqi siab dua li cov kua dej.
Vim qhov txias txias ntawm cov cua txias, cov khoom siv ua kua muaj qhov me me (qhov tob thiab dav) dua li cov khoom siv qhuav ntawm tib lub zog. Nws yuavcuam tshuam rau thaj tsam xav tau ntawm cov chaw hloov pauv hloov pauv (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov khoom tsim hauv), thiab yog li tus nqi ntawm tag nrho cov chaw. Yog li ntawd, ib tug raug dry-type transformer 1000 KVA muaj ib tug tob ntawm 1.6 m, thiab ib tug dav ntawm 2.44 m. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, ib tug zoo xws li cov roj transformer ntawm ib tug ze qhov tob muaj ib tug dav ntawm txog 1.5 m. Tab sis hom no, li cas los xij, muaj ntau yam tsis zoo.
Piv txwv li, kev tiv thaiv hluav taws tseem ceeb dua rau cov kua hloov pauv thaum siv cov hluav taws kub kub. Muaj tseeb, qhuav transformers tuaj yeem ntes hluav taws. Ib qho khoom siv ua kua siv tsis raug tuaj yeem tawg.
Nyob ntawm kev ua haujlwm, cov khoom ua kua dej tuaj yeem xav tau lub tais ntim khoom kom khaws cov dej txias.
Tej zaum thaum xaiv cov hloov pauv, qhov kev hloov pauv los ntawm qhov kev nyiam meej rau hom qhuav rau hom kua yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm 500 kVA thiab 2.5 MVA, nrog thawj hom nyiam siv rau qis qis ntawm qhov ntau, thiab qhov thib ob saum toj no.
Ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev xaiv hom yog qhov chaw teeb tsa ntawm lub tshuab hloov pauv, xws li hauv tsev ua haujlwm lossis sab nraud, nrog rau kev pabcuam kev lag luam.
Dry-type transformers tshaj 5MVA tau yooj yim muaj, tab sis muaj ntau cov kua ua kua. Rau kev teeb tsa sab nraum zoov, hom no kuj tseem ceeb.
Ib ob peb lo lus hais txog qhov cua
Thaum lub tshuab hloov pauv tau nruab nrog lub tshuab cua tshuab, lub nra tuaj yeem nce ntxiv. Yog li ntawd, rau cam khwb cia windingsQhov kev ua haujlwm no tuaj yeem nce lub peev xwm txuas ntxiv mus txog 50% saum toj nominal load. Rau hom VPE lossis VPI, qhov nce hauv lub zog hauv qhov no tuaj yeem nce mus txog 33%.
Piv txwv li, lub zog ntawm tus qauv 3000 kVA cam khwb cia-qhov txhab hloov pauv, thaum nruab nrog lub tshuab cua tshuab, nce mus rau 4500 kVA (los ntawm 50%). Tib lub sijhawm, 2500 kVA VPE lossis VPI hom nrog kiv cua yuav nce mus rau 3.333 kVA (los ntawm 33%).
Txawm li cas los xij, koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov coj mus rau hauv tus account tias lub xub ntiag ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob txo qhov kev ntseeg tau ntawm tag nrho. Yog tias tus kiv cua tsis ua haujlwm thaum ua haujlwm nrog lub tshuab ua haujlwm siab tshaj qhov ntsuas, ces muaj kev pheej hmoo tiag tiag ntawm kev sib tsoo hnyav, vim tias koj tuaj yeem poob tag nrho cov transformer.
Thiab ua li cas txog kev lag luam Lavxias?
Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog sau cia tias nyob rau xyoo tas los no hauv tebchaws Russia tau muaj kev xav tsis tu ncua rov ua dua cov kev paub hauv Tebchaws Europe, qhov twg txog li 90% ntawm tag nrho cov tshuab hloov tshiab tshiab yog hom qhuav. Lub khw reacts raws li. Niaj hnub no nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab Federation muaj kev pab ntawm xws li pab kiag li lawm los ntawm ob pawg ntawm manufacturers. Thawj ntawm lawv suav nrog Lavxias, Italian, Suav thiab Kauslim hom. Yeej, tsim qauv analogues ntawm cov npe nrov Lavxias teb sab muaj: TSZ, TSL, TSGL. Yuav ua li cas yog ib tug qhuav transformer nqi? Tus nqi ntawm ib txwm "txhiab" txawv ntawm 900 txhiab txog 1 lab rubles.
Pab pawg thib ob suav nrog cov tuam txhab German thiab Fab Kis. Lawv muab cov qhab nia ntawm DTTH, GDNN, GDHN series. Yuav ua li cas npaum li cas ib tug imported transformer nqi? Tus nqi ntawm tib "txhiab" yuav yog los ntawm 1.5 txog 2 lab rubles.
